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Simulation of a Sensitive Mid-infrared (MIR) D-Shaped Optical Fiber Water Pollutant Sensor (2023)
Journal Article
Younis, B. M., Dawood, N. Y. M., Abd-Elkader, A. E., Furniss, D., Farries, M., Phang, S., …Obayya, S. S. A. (2023). Simulation of a Sensitive Mid-infrared (MIR) D-Shaped Optical Fiber Water Pollutant Sensor. Plasmonics, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-02110-6

In this work, an efficient optical sensor is proposed for the sensitive detection of various pollutants in water. The suggested optical sensor is based on an indium fluoride (InF3) glass fabricated as a D-shaped optical fiber. The polished surface of... Read More about Simulation of a Sensitive Mid-infrared (MIR) D-Shaped Optical Fiber Water Pollutant Sensor.

10 GHz Low Loss Liquid Metal SIW Phase Shifter for Phased Array Antennas (2023)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Lin, Q. W., Borja, A. L., Wang, Z., Wong, H., Tang, S., …Kelly, J. R. (2023). 10 GHz Low Loss Liquid Metal SIW Phase Shifter for Phased Array Antennas. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 71(11), 5045 -5059. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2023.3308160

This article presents a proof of concept demonstrator for a pair of novel phase shifters based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Gallium-based liquid metal (LM) is used to reconfigure each phase shifter. This article presents LM pha... Read More about 10 GHz Low Loss Liquid Metal SIW Phase Shifter for Phased Array Antennas.

Mid-infrared water pollutant sensor based on SPR-PCF (2023)
Journal Article
Gamal, Y., Younis, B. M., Abd-Elkader, A. E., Furniss, D., Farries, M., Phang, S., …Obayya, S. S. A. (2023). Mid-infrared water pollutant sensor based on SPR-PCF. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 55(11), Article 966. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05207-8

In this paper, a highly sensitive water pollutant optical sensor is proposed and analyzed. The suggested sensor consists of photonic crystal fiber with a core surrounded by four elliptical holes infiltrated with the studied analyte (pure/polluted wat... Read More about Mid-infrared water pollutant sensor based on SPR-PCF.

Circuits and Antennas Incorporating Gallium-Based Liquid Metal (2023)
Journal Article
Wu, Y., Alkaraki, S., Tang, S., Wang, Y., & Kelly, J. R. (2023). Circuits and Antennas Incorporating Gallium-Based Liquid Metal. Proceedings of the IEEE, 111(8), 955-977. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2023.3285400

This article reviews the application and technology advancement of gallium (Ga)-based liquid metal (LM) in high-frequency circuits and antennas. It discusses the material properties of common LMs, the fluidic channels used to contain LM and their man... Read More about Circuits and Antennas Incorporating Gallium-Based Liquid Metal.

Photonic reservoir computing enabled by stimulated Brillouin scattering (2023)
Journal Article
Phang, S. (2023). Photonic reservoir computing enabled by stimulated Brillouin scattering. Optics Express, 31(13), 22061-22074. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.489057

Artificial intelligence (AI) drives the creation of future technologies that disrupt the way humans live and work, creating new solutions that change the way we approach tasks and activities, but it requires a lot of data processing, large amounts of... Read More about Photonic reservoir computing enabled by stimulated Brillouin scattering.

Optical strain sensor with dual fibre Bragg grating topology (2023)
Journal Article
Palmowski, J., Barczak, K., Kubicka, N., Gołek, F., Benson, L., Maciak, E., …Bereś-Pawlik, E. (2023). Optical strain sensor with dual fibre Bragg grating topology. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 55(5), Article 453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04746-4

The paper presents the design, operation, and proof of principle realisation and validation of a relatively cheap fibre optic strain sensor based on two fibre Bragg grating (FBG) elements with different spectral responses. Its performance is compared... Read More about Optical strain sensor with dual fibre Bragg grating topology.

Continuous Beam Steering Realized by Tunable Ground in a Patch Antenna (2023)
Journal Article
Qu, Z., Zhou, Y., Alkaraki, S., Kelly, J. R., & Gao, Y. (2023). Continuous Beam Steering Realized by Tunable Ground in a Patch Antenna. IEEE Access, 11, 4095-4104. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3235597

A continuously steerable patch antenna employing liquid metal is presented. The proposed antenna employs a novel tunable ground plane together with parasitic steering to steer the direction of the main beam. The tunable ground plane consists of a per... Read More about Continuous Beam Steering Realized by Tunable Ground in a Patch Antenna.

A Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna With Switchable Liquid-Metal Ground Plane (2022)
Journal Article
Qu, Z., Kelly, J. R., Wang, Z., Alkaraki, S., & Gao, Y. (2023). A Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna With Switchable Liquid-Metal Ground Plane. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 22(5), 1045-1049. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2022.3231872

This letter presents a novel reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna that is reconfigured using liquid metal. The proposed antenna employs two approaches in unison to switch the direction of the main beam. Specifically, the antenna uses the parasitic... Read More about A Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna With Switchable Liquid-Metal Ground Plane.

A Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Based on Anisotropic Metamaterial (2022)
Journal Article
Lin, Q., Alkaraki, S., Wong, H., & Kelly, J. R. (2023). A Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Based on Anisotropic Metamaterial. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 71(2), 1254-1262. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2022.3225157

This article presents a novel circularly polarized (CP) antenna based on an anisotropic metamaterial. The antenna is capable of performing linear-to-circular polarization conversion over a wideband of frequencies in the X-band (8-12 GHz). The propose... Read More about A Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Based on Anisotropic Metamaterial.

Smart Surface Radio Environments (2022)
Journal Article
Gradoni, G., Di Renzo, M., Diaz-Rubio, A., Tretyakov, S., Caloz, C., Peng, Z., …Phang, S. (2022). Smart Surface Radio Environments. Reviews of Electromagnetics, 1, 1-42. https://doi.org/10.53792/roe/2022.1/21012

This Roadmap takes the reader on a journey through the research in electromagnetic wave propagation control via reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. Metasurface modelling and design methods are reviewed along with physical realisation techniques. Sev... Read More about Smart Surface Radio Environments.

Techniques for Designing High Gain and Two‐Dimensional Beam Scanning Antennas for 5 G (2022)
Book Chapter
Mittra, R., Nasri, A., Arya, R. K., Chaudhary, P., Ketty, J. R., ALkaraki, S., & Borja, A. L. (2022). Techniques for Designing High Gain and Two‐Dimensional Beam Scanning Antennas for 5 G. In Y. Jay Guo, & R. W. Ziolkowski (Eds.), Antenna and Array Technologies for Future Wireless Ecosystems (43-82). Wiley-IEEE Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119813910.ch2

This chapter presents a number of novel concepts for designing antenna arrays, which achieve high gain levels together with wide-angle scan capability. It begins with the Luneburg lens antenna, which supports beam scanning over a very wide angular ra... Read More about Techniques for Designing High Gain and Two‐Dimensional Beam Scanning Antennas for 5 G.

Non-spectroscopic sensing enabled by an electro-optical reservoir computer (2022)
Journal Article
Anufriev, G., Furniss, D., Farries, M., & Phang, S. (2022). Non-spectroscopic sensing enabled by an electro-optical reservoir computer. Optical Materials Express, 12(5), 1767-1783. https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.449036

A fully bio-inspired apparatus to perform non-spectroscopic sensing to discriminate and determine the constituent concentrations of a chemical mixture is proposed. Here, fully bio-inspired means that it is comprised of a biomimetic sensor and a neuro... Read More about Non-spectroscopic sensing enabled by an electro-optical reservoir computer.

The optical reservoir computer: a new approach to a programmable integrated optics system based on an artificial neural network (2020)
Book Chapter
Phang, S., Sewell, P. D., Vukovic, A., & Benson, T. M. (2020). The optical reservoir computer: a new approach to a programmable integrated optics system based on an artificial neural network. In G. C. Righini, & M. Ferrari (Eds.), Integrated Optics Volume 2: Characterization, devices and applications (361-380). Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). https://doi.org/10.1049/pbcs077g_ch12

In this chapter, we briefly reviewed some developments in the field of integrated optics since Miller first introduced this concept, noting some approaches to optimise structures based on functional performance criteria. Chapter Contents: • 12.1 Intr... Read More about The optical reservoir computer: a new approach to a programmable integrated optics system based on an artificial neural network.

Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Substrate Integrated Waveguide Switches (2020)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Kelly, J., Borja, A. L., Mittra, R., & Wang, Y. (2021). Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Substrate Integrated Waveguide Switches. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 31(3), 257-260. https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2020.3040795

This letter presents a new approach for reconfiguring substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) devices. It involves allowing or prohibiting the wave propagation by using a removable wall which is built from a series of drill holes. When the wall is requi... Read More about Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Substrate Integrated Waveguide Switches.

Pseudo?Waveform?Selective Metasurfaces and their Limited Performance (2020)
Journal Article
Nakasha, T., Phang, S., & Wakatsuchi, H. (2021). Pseudo?Waveform?Selective Metasurfaces and their Limited Performance. Advanced Theory and Simulations, 4(1), Article 2000187. https://doi.org/10.1002/adts.202000187

Abstract In recent years, metasurfaces composed of lumped circuit components, including nonlinear Schottky diodes, have been reported to be capable of sensing particular electromagnetic waves even at the same frequency depending on their waveforms, o... Read More about Pseudo?Waveform?Selective Metasurfaces and their Limited Performance.

3D-printed millimetre-wave antennas with spray-coated metalization (2020)
Book Chapter
Alkaraki, S., Kelly, J., & Yue Gao. (2020). 3D-printed millimetre-wave antennas with spray-coated metalization. In Q. H. Abbasi, S. Fizzah Jilani, A. Alomainy, & M. Ali Imran (Eds.), Antennas and Propagation for 5G and Beyond (67-99). Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). https://doi.org/10.1049/pbte093e_ch4

This chapter is concerned with corrugated plate antennas. The corrugated plate antennas, presented here, consist of a resonant slot formed within a metallic plate. The resonant slot is surrounded by a rectangular cavity and corrugations. Subwavelengt... Read More about 3D-printed millimetre-wave antennas with spray-coated metalization.

Efficient Statistical Model for Predicting Electromagnetic Wave Distribution in Coupled Enclosures (2020)
Journal Article
Ma, S., Phang, S., Drikas, Z., Addissie, B., Hong, R., Blakaj, V., …Anlage, S. M. (2020). Efficient Statistical Model for Predicting Electromagnetic Wave Distribution in Coupled Enclosures. Physical Review Applied, 14(1), Article 014022. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.014022

The random coupling model (RCM) has been successfully applied to predicting the statistics of currents and voltages at ports in complex electromagnetic (EM) enclosures operating in the short-wavelength limit. Recent studies have extended the RCM to s... Read More about Efficient Statistical Model for Predicting Electromagnetic Wave Distribution in Coupled Enclosures.

High aperture efficient slot antenna surrounded by the cavity and narrow corrugations at Ka‐band and Ku‐band (2018)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Gao, Y., & Parini, C. (2018). High aperture efficient slot antenna surrounded by the cavity and narrow corrugations at Ka‐band and Ku‐band. IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 12(12), 1926-1931. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2018.0060

A design criterion for a small, compact, high-aperture-efficient antenna is proposed in this study. The proposed criterion is validated experimentally through fabricating and testing two prototypes for Ku-band and Ka-band applications. The proposed a... Read More about High aperture efficient slot antenna surrounded by the cavity and narrow corrugations at Ka‐band and Ku‐band.

Near-Field MIMO Communication Links (2018)
Journal Article
Phang, S., Ivrlac, M. T., Gradoni, G., Creagh, S. C., Tanner, G., & Nossek, J. A. (2018). Near-Field MIMO Communication Links. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 65(9), 3027-3036. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2018.2796305

© 2004-2012 IEEE. A procedure to achieve near-field multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication with equally strong channels is demonstrated in this paper. This has applications in near-field wireless communications, such as Chip-to-Chip (C2C... Read More about Near-Field MIMO Communication Links.

Theory and numerical modelling of parity-time symmetric structures in photonics: boundary integral equation for coupled microresonator structures (2017)
Book Chapter
Phang, S., Vukovic, A., Gradoni, G., Sewell, P., Benson, T. M., & Creagh, S. C. (2017). Theory and numerical modelling of parity-time symmetric structures in photonics: boundary integral equation for coupled microresonator structures. In Recent Trends in Computational Photonics. Springer Nature

The spectral behaviour and the real-time operation of Parity-Time (PT) symmetric coupled resonators are investigated. A Boundary Integral Equation (BIE) model is developed to study these structures in the frequency domain. The impact of realistic gai... Read More about Theory and numerical modelling of parity-time symmetric structures in photonics: boundary integral equation for coupled microresonator structures.