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Outputs (85)

The juvenile hormone analogue, pyriproxifen, alters protein and fat composition of Tenebrio molitor larvae (2024)
Journal Article

Maximising the yield of product from livestock is common practice in the agriculture industry and there is potential to extend this practice to the emerging insect industry, to produce high-quality, sustainable protein. Tenebrio molitor larvae, commo... Read More about The juvenile hormone analogue, pyriproxifen, alters protein and fat composition of Tenebrio molitor larvae.

Active vitamin D increases myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells via a vitamin D response element on the myogenin promoter (2024)
Journal Article

Background: Skeletal muscle development during embryogenesis depends on proliferation of myoblasts followed by differentiation into myotubes/multinucleated myofibers. Vitamin D (VD) has been shown to affect these processes, but there is conflicting e... Read More about Active vitamin D increases myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells via a vitamin D response element on the myogenin promoter.

In vitro determination of the protein quality of maize varieties cultivated in Malawi using the INFOGEST digestion method. (2023)
Journal Article

There is an urgent need to alleviate protein deficiencies in low-income countries where cereal-based diets dominate. The objective of this study was to use the INFOGEST static digestion method and a recently established analytical workflow to determi... Read More about In vitro determination of the protein quality of maize varieties cultivated in Malawi using the INFOGEST digestion method..

Fermentation technology enhances the nutritional quality of underutilized Bambara groundnut – a review (2023)
Journal Article

Bambara groundnut (BG) offers great potential for sustainable food and nutritional security in the face of a growing population and changing climate. However, its utilization remains restricted by the hard-to-cook phenomenon of seed and the presence... Read More about Fermentation technology enhances the nutritional quality of underutilized Bambara groundnut – a review.

A Comparison of Primary Human Hepatocytes and Hepatoma Cell Lines to Model the Effects of Fatty Acids, Fructose and Glucose on Liver Cell Lipid Accumulation (2022)
Journal Article

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) begins with lipid accumulation within hepatocytes, but the relative contributions of different macronutrients is still unclear. We investigated the impact of fatty acids, glucose and fructose on lipid accumul... Read More about A Comparison of Primary Human Hepatocytes and Hepatoma Cell Lines to Model the Effects of Fatty Acids, Fructose and Glucose on Liver Cell Lipid Accumulation.

The effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on the in vitro release of xylooligosaccharides and monosaccharides varies across six varieties of wheat (2022)
Journal Article

Wheat is a widely used cereal grain for pig and poultry feeds globally. Despite this, there are noticeable differences in its nutritive value, potentially due to varying characteristics like inherent non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) content and compos... Read More about The effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on the in vitro release of xylooligosaccharides and monosaccharides varies across six varieties of wheat.

The effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on the in vitro generation of xylooligosaccharides and monosaccharides is dependent upon cereal type (2022)
Journal Article

Fibrolytic enzymes are routinely added to non-ruminant livestock feeds to help degrade the non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) contents and thereby improve feed efficiency. This study investigated the range of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and monosaccharid... Read More about The effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on the in vitro generation of xylooligosaccharides and monosaccharides is dependent upon cereal type.

Effect of AAV-mediated overexpression of ATF5 and downstream targets of an integrated stress response in murine skeletal muscle (2021)
Journal Article

We previously reported that growth promoter-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy co-ordinately upregulated expression of genes associated with an integrated stress response (ISR), as well as potential ISR regulators. We therefore used Adeno-Associated... Read More about Effect of AAV-mediated overexpression of ATF5 and downstream targets of an integrated stress response in murine skeletal muscle.

Response of the porcine MYH4-promoter and MYH4-expressing myotubes to known anabolic and catabolic agents in vitro (2021)
Journal Article

© 2021 The Authors Myosin heavy chain-IIB (MyHC-IIB; encoded by MYH4 or Myh4) expression is often associated with muscle hypertrophic growth. Unlike other large mammals, domestic pig breeds express MyHC-IIB at both the mRNA and protein level. Aim: To... Read More about Response of the porcine MYH4-promoter and MYH4-expressing myotubes to known anabolic and catabolic agents in vitro.

The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) inhibitor, 3-mercaptopicolinic acid (3-MPA), induces myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells (2020)
Journal Article

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is a gluconeogenic enzyme with a cytosolic (Pck1/PEPCK-C) and mitochondrial (Pck2/PEPCK-M) isoform. Here we investigate the effect of 3-mercaptopicolinic acid (3-MPA), a PEPCK inhibitor, on C2C12 muscle cells... Read More about The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) inhibitor, 3-mercaptopicolinic acid (3-MPA), induces myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells.

The effects of exogenous xylanase supplementation on the in vivo generation of xylooligosaccharides and monosaccharides in broilers fed a wheat-based diet (2020)
Journal Article

1. This study aimed to quantify xylanase-induced changes in soluble monosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents of the different sections of the GIT and whether these relate to altered bird performance. 2. An... Read More about The effects of exogenous xylanase supplementation on the in vivo generation of xylooligosaccharides and monosaccharides in broilers fed a wheat-based diet.

Changes in expression of serine biosynthesis and integrated stress response genes during myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells (2019)
Journal Article

Skeletal muscle is a highly metabolic and dynamic tissue that is formed through the complex and well-organised process of myogenesis. Although there is a good understanding about the role of the Muscle Regulatory Factors during myogenesis, little is... Read More about Changes in expression of serine biosynthesis and integrated stress response genes during myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells.

Effect of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of PEPCK-M (Pck2) on Clenbuterol-induced muscle growth (2019)
Journal Article

We previously identified PEPCK-M (encoded by the Pck2 gene) to be highly up-regulated in skeletal muscle of pigs treated with Ractopamine, an anabolic beta-adrenergic receptor agonist. To determine whether PEPCK-M had a causative role in modulating t... Read More about Effect of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of PEPCK-M (Pck2) on Clenbuterol-induced muscle growth.

The association between faecal host DNA or faecal calprotectin and feed efficiency in pigs fed yeast-enriched protein concentrate (2019)
Journal Article

Gut cell losses contribute to overall feed efficiency due to the energy requirement for cell replenishment. Intestinal epithelial cells are sloughed into the intestinal lumen as digesta passes through the gastrointestinal tract, where cells are degra... Read More about The association between faecal host DNA or faecal calprotectin and feed efficiency in pigs fed yeast-enriched protein concentrate.

Productivity framework (2018)
Journal Article

Researchers look at skills shortages and careers pathways in the agrifood industry. Sustaining the agriculture, food and drink industries requires human capital. Current estimates calculate that the agrifood supply chain employs approaching 4m people... Read More about Productivity framework.

The beta-adrenergic agonist, Ractopamine increases skeletal muscle expression of Asparagine Synthetase as part of an integrated stress response gene program (2018)
Journal Article

Synthetic beta-adrenergic agonists (BA) have broad biomedical and agricultural application for increasing lean body mass, yet a poor understanding of the biology underpinning these agents is limiting further drug discovery potential. Growing female p... Read More about The beta-adrenergic agonist, Ractopamine increases skeletal muscle expression of Asparagine Synthetase as part of an integrated stress response gene program.

Correction: Hypothalamic over-expression of VGF in the Siberian hamster increases energy expenditure and reduces body weight gain (PLoS ONE 12:2: (e0172724) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172724) (2017)
Journal Article

© 2017 Lewis et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cred... Read More about Correction: Hypothalamic over-expression of VGF in the Siberian hamster increases energy expenditure and reduces body weight gain (PLoS ONE 12:2: (e0172724) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172724).

Gene expression of inflammatory markers in adipose tissue between obese women with polycystic ovary and normal obese women (2017)
Journal Article

OBJECTIVE: The pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disease and metabolic disturbance, is still unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate whether patients with PCOS display increased expression of inflammatory m... Read More about Gene expression of inflammatory markers in adipose tissue between obese women with polycystic ovary and normal obese women.

Hypothalamic over-expression of VGF in the Siberian hamster increases energy expenditure and reduces body weight gain (2017)
Journal Article

VGF (non-acronymic) was first highlighted to have a role in energy homeostasis through experiments involving dietary manipulation in mice. Fasting increased VGF mRNA in the Arc and levels were subsequently reduced upon refeeding. This anabolic role f... Read More about Hypothalamic over-expression of VGF in the Siberian hamster increases energy expenditure and reduces body weight gain.

Mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-M) and serine biosynthetic pathway genes are co-ordinately increased during anabolic agent-induced skeletal muscle growth (2016)
Journal Article

We aimed to identify novel molecular mechanisms for muscle growth during administration of anabolic agents. Growing pigs (Duroc/(Landrace/Large-White)) were administered Ractopamine (a beta-adrenergic agonist; BA; 20 ppm in feed) or Reporcin (recombi... Read More about Mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-M) and serine biosynthetic pathway genes are co-ordinately increased during anabolic agent-induced skeletal muscle growth.

The use of viral 2A sequence for the simultaneous over-expression of both the vgf gene and enhanced green fluorescent protein eGFP (2015)
Journal Article

Introduction: The viral 2A sequence has become an attractive alternative to the traditional internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) for simultaneous over-expression of two genes and in combination with recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) has bee... Read More about The use of viral 2A sequence for the simultaneous over-expression of both the vgf gene and enhanced green fluorescent protein eGFP.

Transcriptome analysis of mRNA and miRNA in skeletal muscle indicates an important network for differential Residual Feed Intake in pigs (2015)
Journal Article

Feed efficiency (FE) can be measured by feed conversion ratio (FCR) or residual feed intake (RFI). In this study, we measured the FE related phenotypes of 236 castrated purebred Yorkshire boars, and selected 10 extreme individuals with high and low R... Read More about Transcriptome analysis of mRNA and miRNA in skeletal muscle indicates an important network for differential Residual Feed Intake in pigs.

Expression of the myosin heavy chain IIB gene in porcine skeletal muscle: the role of the CArG-box promoter response element (2014)
Journal Article

Due to its similarity to humans, the pig is increasingly being considered as a good animal model for studying a range of human diseases. Despite their physiological similarities, differential expression of the myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIB gene (MYH4... Read More about Expression of the myosin heavy chain IIB gene in porcine skeletal muscle: the role of the CArG-box promoter response element.

Differential effects of short-term ? agonist and growth hormone treatments on expression of myosin heavy chain IIB and associated metabolic genes in sheep muscle (2014)
Journal Article

Growth hormone (GH) and ? agonists increase muscle mass, but the mechanisms for this response are unclear and the magnitude of response is thought to vary with age of animal. To investigate the mechanisms driving the muscle response to these agents,... Read More about Differential effects of short-term ? agonist and growth hormone treatments on expression of myosin heavy chain IIB and associated metabolic genes in sheep muscle.

Increased Responses to the Actions of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 on Energy Balance and Body Weight in a Seasonal Model of Adiposity (2012)
Journal Article

The present study aimed to investigate the actions of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) on energy balance in a natural model of relative fatness, the Siberian hamster. Hamsters were studied under long days (LD) to promote weight gain, or short days... Read More about Increased Responses to the Actions of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 on Energy Balance and Body Weight in a Seasonal Model of Adiposity.

Effects of manipulating hypothalamic triiodothyronine concentrations on seasonal body weight and torpor cycles in Siberian hamsters (2012)
Journal Article

Siberian hamsters display photoperiodically regulated annual cycles in body weight, appetite, and reproduction. Previous studies have revealed a profound up-regulation of type 3 deiodinase (DIO3) mRNA in the ventral ependyma of the hypothalamus assoc... Read More about Effects of manipulating hypothalamic triiodothyronine concentrations on seasonal body weight and torpor cycles in Siberian hamsters.

Use of the Affymetrix human GeneChip array and genomic DNA hybridisation probe selection to study ovine transcriptomes (2011)
Journal Article

Affymetrix GeneChip microarrays are a powerful tool to study global gene expression profiles and have been used on many species. However, no sheep-specific Affymetrix GeneChip is currently available and the bovine array is fairly limited in its cover... Read More about Use of the Affymetrix human GeneChip array and genomic DNA hybridisation probe selection to study ovine transcriptomes.

Advances in research on the prenatal development of skeletal muscle in animals in relation to the quality of muscle-based food. I. Regulation of myogenesis and environmental impact (2011)
Journal Article

Skeletal muscle development in vertebrates - also termed myogenesis - is a highly integrated process. Evidence to date indicates that the processes are very similar across mammals, poultry and fish, although the timings of the various steps differ co... Read More about Advances in research on the prenatal development of skeletal muscle in animals in relation to the quality of muscle-based food. I. Regulation of myogenesis and environmental impact.

Advances in research on the prenatal development of skeletal muscle in animals in relation to the quality of muscle-based food. II - Genetic factors related to animal performance and advances in methodology (2011)
Journal Article

Selective breeding is an effective tool to improve livestock. Several selection experiments have been conducted to study direct selection responses as well as correlated responses in traits of skeletal muscle growth and function. Moreover, comparison... Read More about Advances in research on the prenatal development of skeletal muscle in animals in relation to the quality of muscle-based food. II - Genetic factors related to animal performance and advances in methodology.

Biological mechanisms of fetal development relating to postnatal growth, efficiency and carcass characteristics in ruminants (2010)
Book Chapter

Copyright © International Atomic Energy Agency 2010. All Rights Reserved. Over recent years there has been a lot of interest in the effects of prenatal environment on subsequent development of tissues and the postnatal consequences. In farm animal sp... Read More about Biological mechanisms of fetal development relating to postnatal growth, efficiency and carcass characteristics in ruminants.

Regulation of ovine and porcine stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase gene promoters by fatty acids and sterols (2010)
Journal Article

Stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) is responsible for converting SFA into MUFA and plays an important role in regulating the fatty acid composition of tissues. Although the number of SCD isoforms differs among species, SCD-1 is the predominant isoform exp... Read More about Regulation of ovine and porcine stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase gene promoters by fatty acids and sterols.

Effects of photoperiod on daily locomotor activity, energy expenditure, and feeding behavior in a seasonal mammal (2010)
Journal Article

The objective of this study was to determine whether the previously observed effects of photoperiod on body weight in Siberian hamsters were due to changes in the daily patterns of locomotor activity, energy expenditure, and/or feeding behavior. Adul... Read More about Effects of photoperiod on daily locomotor activity, energy expenditure, and feeding behavior in a seasonal mammal.

Short-days induce weight loss in siberian hamsters despite overexpression of the agouti-related peptide gene (2010)
Journal Article

Many vertebrates express profound annual cycles of body fattening, although it is not clear whether these represent differential activity of the central pathways known to mediate homeostatic control of food intake and energy expenditure, or whether t... Read More about Short-days induce weight loss in siberian hamsters despite overexpression of the agouti-related peptide gene.

Physiological concentrations of dietary polyphenols regulate vascular endothelial cell expression of genes important in cardiovascular health (2009)
Journal Article

Previous cell culture-based studies have shown potential health beneficial effects on gene expression of dietary polyphenols, including those found in red wine and green tea. However, these studies have tended to use higher concentrations (2-100m) th... Read More about Physiological concentrations of dietary polyphenols regulate vascular endothelial cell expression of genes important in cardiovascular health.

Fetal exposure to a maternal low-protein diet during mid-gestation results in muscle-specific effects on fibre type composition in young rats (2007)
Journal Article

This study assessed the impact of reduced dietary protein during specific periods of fetal life upon muscle fibre development in young rats. Pregnant rats were fed a control or low-protein (LP) diet at early (days 0-7 gestation, LPEarly), mid (days 8... Read More about Fetal exposure to a maternal low-protein diet during mid-gestation results in muscle-specific effects on fibre type composition in young rats.

Effect of maternal dietary restriction during pregnancy on lamb carcass characteristics and muscle fiber composition (2007)
Journal Article

Two experiments were conducted to determine whether the decreased proportion of fast muscle fibers seen previously in 2-wk-old lambs from ewes that were dietary restricted from d 30 to 70 of gestation are still evident in older lambs and what the con... Read More about Effect of maternal dietary restriction during pregnancy on lamb carcass characteristics and muscle fiber composition.

Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone decreases feeding and increases body temperature, activity and oxygen consumption in Siberian hamsters (2007)
Journal Article

Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) is known to play an important role in the control of food intake and energy metabolism in addition to its actions on the pituitary-thyroid axis. We have previously shown that central administration of TRH decrease... Read More about Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone decreases feeding and increases body temperature, activity and oxygen consumption in Siberian hamsters.

The effect of maternal undernutrition before muscle differentiation on the muscle fiber development of the newborn lamb (2005)
Journal Article

There is a need to improve the lean tissue content of ruminant animals destined for meat production. Muscle fiber number is set during fetal development. The effect of undernutrition of pregnant ewes on subsequent muscle fiber characteristics of thei... Read More about The effect of maternal undernutrition before muscle differentiation on the muscle fiber development of the newborn lamb.

The effect of maternal undernutrition before muscle differentiation on the muscle fiber development of the newborn lamb (2005)
Journal Article

There is a need to improve the lean tissue content of ruminant animals destined for meat production. Muscle fiber number is set during fetal development. The effect of undernutrition of pregnant ewes on subsequent muscle fiber characteristics of thei... Read More about The effect of maternal undernutrition before muscle differentiation on the muscle fiber development of the newborn lamb.

Maternal nutrition alters the expression of insulin-like growth factors in fetal sheep liver and skeletal muscle (2000)
Journal Article

We investigated the influence of maternal dietary restriction between days 28 and 80 of gestation followed by re-feeding to the intake of well-fed ewes up to 140 days of gestation (term is 147 days) in sheep, on expression of mRNA for insulin-like gr... Read More about Maternal nutrition alters the expression of insulin-like growth factors in fetal sheep liver and skeletal muscle.

Maternal nutrient restriction during early to mid gestation alters the relationship between insulin-like growth factor I and bodyweight at term in fetal sheep (2000)
Journal Article

The present study was designed to determine whether altered placental size, as a consequence of maternal nutrient restriction in sheep between 28 and 77 days gestation, is associated with a modified relationship between fetal weight or dimensions and... Read More about Maternal nutrient restriction during early to mid gestation alters the relationship between insulin-like growth factor I and bodyweight at term in fetal sheep.

Maternal nutrient restriction during early to mid gestation alters the relationship between insulin-like growth factor I and bodyweight at term in fetal sheep (2000)
Journal Article

The present study was designed to determine whether altered placental size, as a consequence of maternal nutrient restriction in sheep between 28 and 77 days gestation, is associated with a modified relationship between fetal weight or dimensions and... Read More about Maternal nutrient restriction during early to mid gestation alters the relationship between insulin-like growth factor I and bodyweight at term in fetal sheep.

Glucose and amino acids interact with hormones to control expression of insulin-like growth factor-I and growth hormone receptor mRNA in cultured pig hepatocytes (1999)
Journal Article

Nutrients and hormones are major determinants of animal growth, but the mechanisms of how nutrients influence the growth process are still unclear. A primary pig hepatocyte culture system was used to investigate possible direct effects of glucose and... Read More about Glucose and amino acids interact with hormones to control expression of insulin-like growth factor-I and growth hormone receptor mRNA in cultured pig hepatocytes.

Glucose and amino acids interact with hormones to control expression of insulin-like growth factor-I and growth hormone receptor mRNA in cultured pig hepatocytes (1999)
Journal Article

Nutrients and hormones are major determinants of animal growth, but the mechanisms of how nutrients influence the growth process are still unclear. A primary pig hepatocyte culture system was used to investigate possible direct effects of glucose and... Read More about Glucose and amino acids interact with hormones to control expression of insulin-like growth factor-I and growth hormone receptor mRNA in cultured pig hepatocytes.

Effects of growth hormone administration and dietary protein intake on insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone receptor mRNA Expression in porcine liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue (1996)
Journal Article

The effects of growth hormone (GH) and dietary protein on expression of IGF-I and GH receptor (GHR) genes in liver, muscle, and fat of pigs were investigated. Forty-eight intact male Large White x Landrace pigs were allotted to eight treatment groups... Read More about Effects of growth hormone administration and dietary protein intake on insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone receptor mRNA Expression in porcine liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue.

Expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone-receptor (GHR) mRNA in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of different breeds of pig (1996)
Journal Article

The work described was carried out to study the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone-receptor (GHR) mRNA in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue from three breeds of pig with varying growth characteristics. The t... Read More about Expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone-receptor (GHR) mRNA in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of different breeds of pig.

Ontogenic study of insulin-like growth factor-1 and growth hormone receptor mRNA expression in porcine liver and skeletal muscle (1995)
Journal Article

The growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor (GH-IGF) axis is involved in the control of postnatal growth in all animals studied to date. At birth, blood levels of IGF-1 are low, although levels of GH are high. Thus a switching occurs during the pos... Read More about Ontogenic study of insulin-like growth factor-1 and growth hormone receptor mRNA expression in porcine liver and skeletal muscle.

Hormonal control of insulin-like growth factor-I and growth hormone receptor mRNA expression by porcine hepatocytes in culture (1995)
Journal Article

The effects of various hormones commonly added to hepatocyte culture media upon the expression of the GH receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) genes in cultured porcine hepatocytes were investigated. Preliminary investigations indic... Read More about Hormonal control of insulin-like growth factor-I and growth hormone receptor mRNA expression by porcine hepatocytes in culture.

Regulation of porcine insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone receptor mRNA expression by energy status (1994)
Journal Article

Regulation of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and growth hormone (GH) receptor mRNA in liver and muscle by energy status was assessed in 2-mo-old pigs by altering thermoregulatory demand and energy intake over a 5-wk period to produce a range of... Read More about Regulation of porcine insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone receptor mRNA expression by energy status.

Studies on the human ovarian renin-angiotensin system: Optimization of assay methodology and effects of follicular stimulants (1990)
Journal Article

The renal and genital tracts share common embryological origin; it is thus not surprising that tissues from both can synthesize renin. Preliminary studies showed extremely hgih concentrations of renin in follicular fluid (FRC) following ovarian stimu... Read More about Studies on the human ovarian renin-angiotensin system: Optimization of assay methodology and effects of follicular stimulants.