GURUPRASAD AITHAL's Outputs (146)

Structuring white rice with gellan gum reduces the glycemic response in healthy humans (2024)
Journal Article
Alshammari, N. A., Riches, K., Muttakin, S., Hoad, C. L., Strkalj, L., Gouseti, O., Bakalis, S., Lovegrove, A., Spiller, R. C., Gowland, P. A., Aithal, G. P., Yakubov, G. E., Taylor, M. A., & Marciani, L. (2024). Structuring white rice with gellan gum reduces the glycemic response in healthy humans. Food Research International, 196, Article 115090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2024.115090

White rice has a high glycemic index and its consumption has been linked to an increased risk of developing type-2 diabetes mellitus, increased diabetes associated complications and obesity. In recent in vitro studies we have shown that addition of f... Read More about Structuring white rice with gellan gum reduces the glycemic response in healthy humans.

Greater hepatic lipid saturation is associated with impaired glycaemic regulation in men with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease but is not altered by 6 weeks of exercise training (2024)
Journal Article
Willis, S. A., Malaikah, S., Bawden, S. J., Sherry, A. P., Sargeant, J. A., Coull, N. A., Bradley, C. R., Rowlands, A., Naim, I., Ennequin, G., Yates, T., Waheed, G., Gowland, P., Stensel, D. J., Webb, D. R., Davies, M. J., Aithal, G. P., & King, J. A. (2024). Greater hepatic lipid saturation is associated with impaired glycaemic regulation in men with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease but is not altered by 6 weeks of exercise training. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 26(9), 4030-4042. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15755

Aims: To examine the impact of impaired glycaemic regulation (IGR) and exercise training on hepatic lipid composition in men with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Materials and Methods: In Part A (cross‐sectional desi... Read More about Greater hepatic lipid saturation is associated with impaired glycaemic regulation in men with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease but is not altered by 6 weeks of exercise training.

A polygenic risk score for alcohol-related cirrhosis among heavy drinkers with European ancestry (2024)
Journal Article
Schwantes-An, T.-H., Whitfield, J., Aithal, G., Atkinson, S., Bataller, R., Botwin, G., …GenomALC Consortium, G. C. (2024). A polygenic risk score for alcohol-related cirrhosis among heavy drinkers with European ancestry. Hepatology Communications, 8(6), Article e0431. https://doi.org/10.1097/HC9.0000000000000431

Background & Aims: Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) based on results from genome-wide association studies offer the prospect of risk stratification for many common and complex diseases. We developed a PRS for alcohol-related cirrhosis by comparing SNPs am... Read More about A polygenic risk score for alcohol-related cirrhosis among heavy drinkers with European ancestry.

Vascular adhesion protein-1 blockade in primary sclerosing cholangitis: Open-label, multicenter, single-arm, phase II trial (2024)
Journal Article
Hirschfield, G. M., Arndtz, K., Kirkham, A., Chen, Y.-Y., Fox, R., Rowe, A., Douglas-Pugh, J., Thorburn, D., Barnes, E., Aithal, G. P., Hull, D., Bhandal, K., Olsen, K., Woodward, P., Lax, S., Newsome, P., Smith, D. J., Kallio, A., Adams, D. H., Homer, V., & Weston, C. J. (2024). Vascular adhesion protein-1 blockade in primary sclerosing cholangitis: Open-label, multicenter, single-arm, phase II trial. Hepatology Communications, 8(5), Article e0426. https://doi.org/10.1097/hc9.0000000000000426

Background:
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a progressive inflammatory liver disease characterized by biliary and liver fibrosis. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is important in the inflammatory process driving liver fibrosis. We evaluated th... Read More about Vascular adhesion protein-1 blockade in primary sclerosing cholangitis: Open-label, multicenter, single-arm, phase II trial.

Health professional attitudes and perceptions of prehabilitation and nutrition before haematopoietic cell transplantation (2024)
Journal Article
Miller, L. J., Halliday, V., Snowden, J. A., Aithal, G. P., Lee, J., & Greenfield, D. M. (2024). Health professional attitudes and perceptions of prehabilitation and nutrition before haematopoietic cell transplantation. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 37(4), 1007-1021. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.13315

Background
Nutritional prehabilitation may improve haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) outcomes, although little evidence exists. The present study aimed to understand healthcare professional (HCP) perceptions of prehabilitation and nutritiona... Read More about Health professional attitudes and perceptions of prehabilitation and nutrition before haematopoietic cell transplantation.

Discontinuation of anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha treatment owing to blood test abnormalities, and cost-effectiveness of alternate blood monitoring strategies (2024)
Journal Article
Abhishek, A., Stevenson, M. D., Nakafero, G., Grainge, M. J., Evans, I., Alabas, O., Card, T., Taal, M. W., Aithal, G. P., Fox, C. P., Mallen, C. D., van der Windt, D. A., Riley, R. D., Warren, R. B., & Williams, H. C. (2024). Discontinuation of anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha treatment owing to blood test abnormalities, and cost-effectiveness of alternate blood monitoring strategies. British Journal of Dermatology, 190(4), 559-564. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljad430

Background: There is no evidence base to support the use of 6-monthly monitoring blood tests for the early detection of liver, blood and renal toxicity during established anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) treatment. Objectives: To evaluate the... Read More about Discontinuation of anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha treatment owing to blood test abnormalities, and cost-effectiveness of alternate blood monitoring strategies.

An optimized short‐term steroid therapy for chronic drug‐induced liver injury: A prospective randomized clinical trial (2024)
Journal Article
Huang, A., Zhu, Y., Liu, S., Sun, Y., Liu, Z., Liang, Q., Zhao, J., Chang, B., Bi, J., Liu, J., Zhai, X., Xie, H., Li, N., Tian, H., Han, L., Zhuang, Y., Ma, H., Teng, G., Zhang, W., Aithal, G. P., …Zou, Z. (2024). An optimized short‐term steroid therapy for chronic drug‐induced liver injury: A prospective randomized clinical trial. Liver International, 44(6), 1435-1447. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.15899

Background and Aims
The use of corticosteroids in chronic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an important issue. Our previous randomized controlled trial showed that patients with chronic DILI benefited from a 48-week steroid stepwise reduction (SS... Read More about An optimized short‐term steroid therapy for chronic drug‐induced liver injury: A prospective randomized clinical trial.

Patient and health professional views on risk-stratified monitoring of immune-suppressing treatment in adults with inflammatory diseases (2024)
Journal Article
Fuller, A., Hancox, J., Williams, H. C., Card, T., Taal, M. W., Aithal, G. P., Fox, C. P., Mallen, C. D., Maxwell, J. R., Bingham, S., Vedhara, K., & Abhishek, A. (in press). Patient and health professional views on risk-stratified monitoring of immune-suppressing treatment in adults with inflammatory diseases. Rheumatology, Article keae175. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keae175

Objective
To explore the acceptability of an individualised risk-stratified approach to monitoring for target-organ toxicity in adult patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases established on immune-suppressing treatment(s).

Methods
Adu... Read More about Patient and health professional views on risk-stratified monitoring of immune-suppressing treatment in adults with inflammatory diseases.

Risk-stratified monitoring for sulfasalazine toxicity: prognostic model development and validation (2024)
Journal Article
Abhishek, A., Grainge, M., Card, T., Williams, H. C., Taal, M. W., Aithal, G. P., …Riley, R. (2024). Risk-stratified monitoring for sulfasalazine toxicity: prognostic model development and validation. RMD Open, 10(1), Article e003980. https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003980

Background Sulfasalazine-induced cytopenia, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity is uncommon during long-term treatment. Some guidelines recommend 3 monthly monitoring blood tests indefinitely during long-term treatment while others recommend stopping m... Read More about Risk-stratified monitoring for sulfasalazine toxicity: prognostic model development and validation.

Translating the potential of the urine steroid metabolome to stage NAFLD (TrUSt-NAFLD): study protocol for a multicentre, prospective validation study. (2024)
Journal Article
Miller, H., Harman, D., Aithal, G. P., Manousou, P., Cobbold, J. F., Parker, R., …Tomlinson, J. W. (2024). Translating the potential of the urine steroid metabolome to stage NAFLD (TrUSt-NAFLD): study protocol for a multicentre, prospective validation study. BMJ Open, 14(1), Article e074918. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074918

Introduction

Non- alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects approximately one in four individuals and its prevalence continues to rise. The advanced stages of NAFLD with significant liver fibrosis are associated with adverse morbidity and mor... Read More about Translating the potential of the urine steroid metabolome to stage NAFLD (TrUSt-NAFLD): study protocol for a multicentre, prospective validation study..

The Hepatokine Leukocyte Cell-Derived Chemotaxin-2 Is Elevated in People with Impaired Glycaemic Regulation and Augmented by Acute Exercise (2024)
Journal Article
Engin, B., Willis, S. A., Malaikah, S., Sargeant, J. A., Stensel, D. J., Jelleyman, C., …King, J. A. (2024). The Hepatokine Leukocyte Cell-Derived Chemotaxin-2 Is Elevated in People with Impaired Glycaemic Regulation and Augmented by Acute Exercise. Livers, 4(1), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.3390/livers4010005

The hepatokine leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT2) promotes insulin resistance and hepatic fibrogenesis. In rodents, acute exercise suppresses circulating LECT2; however, human data are lacking. This study compared circulating LECT2 across po... Read More about The Hepatokine Leukocyte Cell-Derived Chemotaxin-2 Is Elevated in People with Impaired Glycaemic Regulation and Augmented by Acute Exercise.

Liver disease admissions in the UK are increasing, urgently needing local and national solutions (2023)
Journal Article
Bhala, N., Subhani, M., & Aithal, G. P. (2023). Liver disease admissions in the UK are increasing, urgently needing local and national solutions. Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 8(12), 1071. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253%2823%2900334-5

Risk-stratified monitoring for sulfasalazine toxicity: prognostic model development and validation (2023)
Preprint / Working Paper
Abhishek, A., Grainge, M. J., Card, T., Williams, H. C., Taal, M. W., Aithal, G. P., Fox, C. P., Mallen, C. D., Stevenson, M. D., Nakafero, G., & Riley, R. D. Risk-stratified monitoring for sulfasalazine toxicity: prognostic model development and validation

Background Sulfasalazine induced cytopenia, nephrotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity is uncommon during long-term treatment. Some guidelines recommend three monthly monitoring blood-tests indefinitely while others recommend stopping monitoring after one ye... Read More about Risk-stratified monitoring for sulfasalazine toxicity: prognostic model development and validation.

Next-generation sequencing of pancreatic cyst wall specimens obtained using micro-forceps for improving diagnostic accuracy (2023)
Journal Article
Astbury, S., Baskar, A., Grove, J. I., Kaye, P., Aravinthan, A. D., James, M., …Venkatachalapathy, S. V. (2023). Next-generation sequencing of pancreatic cyst wall specimens obtained using micro-forceps for improving diagnostic accuracy. Endoscopy International Open, 11(10), E983-E991. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2163-8805

Background and study aims: Pancreatic cysts are common incidental findings, with an estimated prevalence of 13-15% in imaging done for other reasons. Diagnosis often relies on collection of cyst fluid, but tissue sampling using micro-forceps may allo... Read More about Next-generation sequencing of pancreatic cyst wall specimens obtained using micro-forceps for improving diagnostic accuracy.

Liver investigation: Testing marker utility in steatohepatitis (LITMUS): Assessment & validation of imaging modality performance across the NAFLD spectrum in a prospectively recruited cohort study (the LITMUS imaging study): Study protocol (2023)
Journal Article
Pavlides, M., Mózes, F. E., Akhtar, S., Wonders, K., Cobbold, J., Tunnicliffe, E. M., …Harrison, S. (2023). Liver investigation: Testing marker utility in steatohepatitis (LITMUS): Assessment & validation of imaging modality performance across the NAFLD spectrum in a prospectively recruited cohort study (the LITMUS imaging study): Study protocol. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 134, Article 107352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2023.107352

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the liver manifestation of the metabolic syndrome with global prevalence reaching epidemic levels. Despite the high disease burden in the population only a small proportion of those with NAFLD will develop... Read More about Liver investigation: Testing marker utility in steatohepatitis (LITMUS): Assessment & validation of imaging modality performance across the NAFLD spectrum in a prospectively recruited cohort study (the LITMUS imaging study): Study protocol.

Risk-stratified monitoring for thiopurine toxicity in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: prognostic model development, validation, and, health economic evaluation (2023)
Journal Article
Nakafero, G., Card, T., Grainge, M. J., Williams, H. C., Taal, M. W., Aithal, G. P., …Abhishek, A. (2023). Risk-stratified monitoring for thiopurine toxicity in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: prognostic model development, validation, and, health economic evaluation. eClinicalMedicine, 64, Article 102213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102213

Background: Patients established on thiopurines (e.g., azathioprine) are recommended to undergo three-monthly blood tests for the early detection of blood, liver, or kidney toxicity. These side-effects are uncommon during long-term treatment. We deve... Read More about Risk-stratified monitoring for thiopurine toxicity in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: prognostic model development, validation, and, health economic evaluation.

Study design for development of novel safety biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury by the translational safety biomarker pipeline (TransBioLine) consortium: a study protocol for a nested case–control study (2023)
Journal Article
Grove, J. I., Stephens, C., Lucena, M. I., Andrade, R. J., Weber, S., Gerbes, A., …on behalf of the TransBioLine consortium. (2023). Study design for development of novel safety biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury by the translational safety biomarker pipeline (TransBioLine) consortium: a study protocol for a nested case–control study. Diagnostic and Prognostic Research, 7, Article 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41512-023-00155-z

A lack of biomarkers that detect drug-induced liver injury (DILI) accurately continues to hinder early- and late-stage drug development and remains a challenge in clinical practice. The Innovative Medicines Initiative’s TransBioLine consortium compri... Read More about Study design for development of novel safety biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury by the translational safety biomarker pipeline (TransBioLine) consortium: a study protocol for a nested case–control study.

Application and Extension of the Alcohol Recovery Narratives Conceptual Framework (2023)
Journal Article
Subhani, M., Talat, U., Knight, H., Morling, J. R., Jones, K. A., Aithal, G. P., …Rennick-Egglestone, S. (2023). Application and Extension of the Alcohol Recovery Narratives Conceptual Framework. Qualitative Health Research, 33(13), 1203-1217. https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323231197384

Recovery narratives are personal stories of health problems and recovery. A systematic review proposed a conceptual framework characterising alcohol misuse recovery narratives, consisting of eight principal dimensions, each with types and subtypes. T... Read More about Application and Extension of the Alcohol Recovery Narratives Conceptual Framework.

Response to: Letter to the Editor by Trinh et al. Drug-induced liver injury registries are important (2023)
Journal Article
Björnsson, E. S., Lucena, M. I., Andrade, R. J., & Aithal, G. P. (2023). Response to: Letter to the Editor by Trinh et al. Drug-induced liver injury registries are important. Liver International, 43(10), 2325-2326. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.15698

Biomarkers of Type IV Collagen Turnover Reflect Disease Activity in Patients with Early-Stage Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) (2023)
Journal Article
Lønsmann, I., Grove, J. I., Haider, A., Kaye, P., Karsdal, M. A., Leeming, D. J., & Aithal, G. P. (2023). Biomarkers of Type IV Collagen Turnover Reflect Disease Activity in Patients with Early-Stage Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL). Biology, 12(8), Article 1087. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12081087

Background: Identification of progressive liver disease necessitates the finding of novel non-invasive methods to identify and monitor patients in need of early intervention. Investigating patients with early-liver injury may help identify unique bio... Read More about Biomarkers of Type IV Collagen Turnover Reflect Disease Activity in Patients with Early-Stage Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL).

Patients with Naproxen-Induced Liver Injury Display T-cell Memory Responses Towards an Oxidative (S)-O-Desmethyl Naproxen Metabolite but not the Acyl Glucuronide (2023)
Journal Article
Thomson, P., Fragkas, N., Kafu, L., Aithal, G., Lucena, M., Terracciano, L., …Naisbitt, D. (2024). Patients with Naproxen-Induced Liver Injury Display T-cell Memory Responses Towards an Oxidative (S)-O-Desmethyl Naproxen Metabolite but not the Acyl Glucuronide. Allergy, 79(1), 200-214. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.15830

Background: Exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (IBU) and naproxen (NAP) is associated with idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Carboxylate bioactivation into reactive metabolites (e.g. acyl glucur... Read More about Patients with Naproxen-Induced Liver Injury Display T-cell Memory Responses Towards an Oxidative (S)-O-Desmethyl Naproxen Metabolite but not the Acyl Glucuronide.

Associations of objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time and cardiorespiratory fitness with adipose tissue insulin resistance and ectopic fat (2023)
Journal Article
Malaikah, S., Willis, S. A., Henson, J., Sargeant, J. A., Yates, T., Thackray, A. E., …King, J. A. (2023). Associations of objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time and cardiorespiratory fitness with adipose tissue insulin resistance and ectopic fat. International Journal of Obesity, 47(10), 1000–1007. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-023-01350-0

Background/objectives: Inadequate movement, excess adiposity, and insulin resistance augment cardiometabolic risk. This study examined the associations of objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time an... Read More about Associations of objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time and cardiorespiratory fitness with adipose tissue insulin resistance and ectopic fat.

Performance of non-invasive tests and histology for the prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an individual participant data meta-analysis (2023)
Journal Article
Mózes, F. E., Lee, J. A., Vali, Y., Alzoubi, O., Staufer, K., Trauner, M., …Hytiroglou, P. (2023). Performance of non-invasive tests and histology for the prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an individual participant data meta-analysis. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 8(8), 704-713. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253%2823%2900141-3

Background
Histologically assessed liver fibrosis stage has prognostic significance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and is accepted as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials for non-cirrhotic NAFLD. Our aim was to compare... Read More about Performance of non-invasive tests and histology for the prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Risk stratified monitoring for methotrexate toxicity in immune mediated inflammatory diseases: prognostic model development and validation using primary care data from the UK (2023)
Journal Article
Nakafero, G., Grainge, M. J., Williams, H. C., Card, T., Taal, M. W., Aithal, G. P., …Abhishek, A. (2023). Risk stratified monitoring for methotrexate toxicity in immune mediated inflammatory diseases: prognostic model development and validation using primary care data from the UK. BMJ, 381, Article e074678. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-074678

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a prognostic model to inform risk stratified decisions on frequency of monitoring blood tests during long term methotrexate treatment. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Electronic health records within th... Read More about Risk stratified monitoring for methotrexate toxicity in immune mediated inflammatory diseases: prognostic model development and validation using primary care data from the UK.

Asia–Pacific association for study of liver guidelines on management of ascites in liver disease (2023)
Journal Article
Singh, V., De, A., Mehtani, R., Angeli, P., Maiwall, R., Satapathy, S., …Sarin, S. K. (2023). Asia–Pacific association for study of liver guidelines on management of ascites in liver disease. Hepatology International, 17(4), 792-826. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-023-10536-7

The development of ascites is a landmark event in the natural history of cirrhosis. This guidance statement by the Asia–Pacific Association for Study of Liver (APASL) provides an evidence-based approach to managing ascites and its complications in pa... Read More about Asia–Pacific association for study of liver guidelines on management of ascites in liver disease.

Nomenclature, diagnosis and management of drug-induced autoimmune-like hepatitis (DI-ALH): An expert opinion meeting report (2023)
Journal Article
Andrade, R. J., Aithal, G. P., de Boer, Y. S., Liberal, R., Gerbes, A., Regev, A., …Björnsson, E. S. (2023). Nomenclature, diagnosis and management of drug-induced autoimmune-like hepatitis (DI-ALH): An expert opinion meeting report. Journal of Hepatology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2023.04.033

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) can mimic almost all other liver disorders. A phenotype increasingly ascribed to drugs is autoimmune-like hepatitis (ALH). This article summarises the major topics discussed at a joint International Conference held be... Read More about Nomenclature, diagnosis and management of drug-induced autoimmune-like hepatitis (DI-ALH): An expert opinion meeting report.

Health-related Quality of Life in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Prospective Multi-center UK Study (2023)
Journal Article
Papatheodoridi, M., Pallini, G., Aithal, G., Lim, H. K., Cobbold, J., Plaz Torres, M. C., …Tsochatzis, E. A. (2023). Health-related Quality of Life in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Prospective Multi-center UK Study. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 21(12), 3107-3114.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2023.04.018

Background & Aims: It is unclear whether health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is impaired in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) without advanced fibrosis and how this compares with the general population. We aimed to assess HRQo... Read More about Health-related Quality of Life in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Prospective Multi-center UK Study.

Drug-induced liver injury due to nitrofurantoin: Similar clinical features, but different HLA risk alleles in an independent cohort (2023)
Journal Article
Daly, A. K., Bjornsson, E. S., Lucena, M. I., Andrade, R. J., & Aithal, G. P. (2023). Drug-induced liver injury due to nitrofurantoin: Similar clinical features, but different HLA risk alleles in an independent cohort. Journal of Hepatology, 78(5), e165-e166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2022.11.022

Classifying the unclassifiable—a Delphi study to reach consensus on the fibrotic nature of diseases (2023)
Journal Article
Massen, G. M., Allen, R. J., Leavy, O. C., Selby, N. M., Aithal, G. P., Oliver, N., …Quint, J. K. (2023). Classifying the unclassifiable—a Delphi study to reach consensus on the fibrotic nature of diseases. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 116(6), 429-435. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcad050

BACKGROUND: Traditionally, clinical research has focused on individual fibrotic diseases or fibrosis in a particular organ. However, it is possible for people to have multiple fibrotic diseases. While multi-organ fibrosis may suggest shared pathogeni... Read More about Classifying the unclassifiable—a Delphi study to reach consensus on the fibrotic nature of diseases.

Machine learning algorithm improves the detection of NASH (NAS-based) and at-risk NASH: A development and validation study (2023)
Journal Article
Lee, J., Westphal, M., Vali, Y., Boursier, J., Ostroff, R., Alexander, L., …LITMUS investigators, L. I. (2023). Machine learning algorithm improves the detection of NASH (NAS-based) and at-risk NASH: A development and validation study. Hepatology, 78(1), 258-271. https://doi.org/10.1097/HEP.0000000000000364

Background and Aims: Detecting NASH remains challenging, while at-risk NASH (steatohepatitis and F≥ 2) tends to progress and is of interest for drug development and clinical application. We developed prediction models by supervised machine learning t... Read More about Machine learning algorithm improves the detection of NASH (NAS-based) and at-risk NASH: A development and validation study.

Holding opposing ideas and the half-life of truth (2023)
Journal Article
Aithal, G. P. (2023). Holding opposing ideas and the half-life of truth. Journal of Hepatology, 79(1), e20-e21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2023.03.005

Biomarkers for staging fibrosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (the LITMUS project): a comparative diagnostic accuracy study (2023)
Journal Article
Vali, Y., Lee, J., Boursier, J., Petta, S., Wonders, K., Tiniakos, D., …Bossuyt, P. M. (2023). Biomarkers for staging fibrosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (the LITMUS project): a comparative diagnostic accuracy study. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 8(8), 714-725. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253%2823%2900017-1

Background: The reference standard for detecting non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and staging fibrosis—liver biopsy—is invasive and resource intensive. Non-invasive biomarkers are urgently needed, but few studies have compared these biomarkers in... Read More about Biomarkers for staging fibrosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (the LITMUS project): a comparative diagnostic accuracy study.

Noninvasive assessment of liver disease severity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (2023)
Journal Article
Pennisi, G., Enea, M., Falco, V., Aithal, G. P., Palaniyappan, N., Yilmaz, Y., …Petta, S. (2023). Noninvasive assessment of liver disease severity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes. Hepatology, 78(1), 195-211. https://doi.org/10.1097/HEP.0000000000000351

Background and Aims: We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of simple, noninvasive tests (NITs) in NAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods and Results: This was an individual patient data meta-analysis of 1780 patients with biopsy-proven NAF... Read More about Noninvasive assessment of liver disease severity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes.

Circulating leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 and fibroblast growth factor 21 are negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy volunteers (2023)
Journal Article
Malaikah, S., Willis, S. A., Henson, J., Sargeant, J. A., Yates, T., Thackray, A. E., …King, J. A. (2023). Circulating leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 and fibroblast growth factor 21 are negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy volunteers. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 48(6), 436-444. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2022-0445

Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT2) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) are hepatokines that are regulated by energy balance and mediate insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control. This cross-sectional study examined the independent associ... Read More about Circulating leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 and fibroblast growth factor 21 are negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy volunteers.

Textbook Outcome After Trans-arterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)
Journal Article
Mosconi, C., O'Rourke, J., Kloeckner, R., Sturm, L., Golfieri, R., Celsa, C., …Cucchetti, A. (2023). Textbook Outcome After Trans-arterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology, 46, 449-459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-023-03375-4

Purpose
Textbook Outcome (TO) is inclusive of quality indicators and it not been provided for trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials and Methods
Data on treatment-naïve HCC patients receiving TACE... Read More about Textbook Outcome After Trans-arterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Next-generation sequencing of pancreatic cyst wall specimens obtained using Moray micro-forceps for improving diagnostic accuracy (2023)
Preprint / Working Paper
Astbury, S., Baskar, A., Grove, J. I., Kaye, P., Aravinthan, A. D., James, M. W., …Venkatachalapathy, S. V. Next-generation sequencing of pancreatic cyst wall specimens obtained using Moray micro-forceps for improving diagnostic accuracy

Background and study aims Pancreatic cysts are common incidental findings, with an estimated prevalence of 13-15% in imaging done for other reasons. It is difficult to identify cysts with malignant potential. Diagnosis often relies on collection of c... Read More about Next-generation sequencing of pancreatic cyst wall specimens obtained using Moray micro-forceps for improving diagnostic accuracy.

A comparative, randomised MRI study of the physiological and appetitive responses to gelling (alginate) and non-gelling nasogastric tube feeds in healthy men (2023)
Journal Article
Aliyu, A. I., Nixon, A., Hoad, C., Marciani, L., Corsetti, M., Aithal, G. P., …Taylor, M. A. (2023). A comparative, randomised MRI study of the physiological and appetitive responses to gelling (alginate) and non-gelling nasogastric tube feeds in healthy men. British Journal of Nutrition, 130(8), 1316-1328. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114523000302

AbstractInclusion in nasogastric tube feeds (NGTF) of acid-sensitive, seaweed-derived alginate, expected to form a reversible gel in the stomach, may create a more normal intragastric state and modified gastrointestinal responses. This may ameliorate... Read More about A comparative, randomised MRI study of the physiological and appetitive responses to gelling (alginate) and non-gelling nasogastric tube feeds in healthy men.

Plasma Sphingoid Base Profiles of Patients Diagnosed with Intrinsic or Idiosyncratic Drug-induced Liver Injury (2023)
Journal Article
Gai, Z., Samodelov, S. L., Alecu, I., Hornemann, T., Grove, J. I., Aithal, G. P., …Kullak-Ublick, G. A. (2023). Plasma Sphingoid Base Profiles of Patients Diagnosed with Intrinsic or Idiosyncratic Drug-induced Liver Injury. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3), Article 3013. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24033013

Sphingolipids are exceptionally diverse, comprising hundreds of unique species. The bulk of circulating sphingolipids are synthesized in the liver, thereby plasma sphingolipid profiles represent reliable surrogates of hepatic sphingolipid metabolism... Read More about Plasma Sphingoid Base Profiles of Patients Diagnosed with Intrinsic or Idiosyncratic Drug-induced Liver Injury.

Extra‐hepatic Morbidity and Mortality in Alcohol‐related Liver Disease: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis (2023)
Journal Article
Theodoreson, M. D., Aithal, G. P., Allison, M., Brahmania, M., Forrest, E., Hagström, H., …Parker, R. (2023). Extra‐hepatic Morbidity and Mortality in Alcohol‐related Liver Disease: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis. Liver International, 43(4), 763-772. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.15526

Background
Alcohol use increases the risk of many conditions in addition to liver disease; patients with alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) are therefore at risk from both extra-hepatic and hepatic disease.

Aims
This review synthesises informat... Read More about Extra‐hepatic Morbidity and Mortality in Alcohol‐related Liver Disease: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis.

The effect of acute and chronic exercise on hepatic lipid composition (2023)
Journal Article
Willis, S. A., Malaikah, S., Parry, S., Bawden, S., Ennequin, G., Sargeant, J. A., …King, J. A. (2023). The effect of acute and chronic exercise on hepatic lipid composition. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 33(5), 550-568. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14310

Exercise is recommended for those with, or at risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), owing to beneficial effects on hepatic steatosis and cardiometabolic risk. Whilst exercise training reduces total intrahepatic lipid in people with NAFLD,... Read More about The effect of acute and chronic exercise on hepatic lipid composition.

Assessment of the Frequency, Phenotypes, and Outcomes of Acute Liver Injury Associated with Amoxicillin/Clavulanate in 1.4 Million Patients in the Veterans Health Administration (2022)
Journal Article
Suzuki, A., Tillmann, H., Williams, J., Hauser, R. G., Frund, J., Suzuki, M., …Hunt, C. M. (2023). Assessment of the Frequency, Phenotypes, and Outcomes of Acute Liver Injury Associated with Amoxicillin/Clavulanate in 1.4 Million Patients in the Veterans Health Administration. Drug Safety, 46(2), 129-143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-022-01255-3

Introduction
Drug-induced liver injury is a significant health issue, yet the exposure-based incidence remains to be characterized.

Objective
We aimed to assess the frequency, phenotypes, and outcomes of acute liver injury associated with amoxi... Read More about Assessment of the Frequency, Phenotypes, and Outcomes of Acute Liver Injury Associated with Amoxicillin/Clavulanate in 1.4 Million Patients in the Veterans Health Administration.

Identification of Reduced ERAP2 Expression and a Novel HLA Allele as Components of a Risk Score for Susceptibility to Liver Injury Due to Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (2022)
Journal Article
Nicoletti, P., Dellinger, A., Li, Y. J., Barnhart, H. X., Chalasani, N., Fontana, R. J., …Watkins, P. B. (2023). Identification of Reduced ERAP2 Expression and a Novel HLA Allele as Components of a Risk Score for Susceptibility to Liver Injury Due to Amoxicillin-Clavulanate. Gastroenterology, 164(3), 454-466. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2022.11.036

Background & Aims: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) due to amoxicillin–clavulanate (AC) has been associated with HLA-A∗02:01, HLA-DRB1∗15:01, and rs2476601, a missense variant in PTPN22. The aim of this study was to identify novel risk factors for AC... Read More about Identification of Reduced ERAP2 Expression and a Novel HLA Allele as Components of a Risk Score for Susceptibility to Liver Injury Due to Amoxicillin-Clavulanate.

Diagnostic accuracy of serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) in a contemporary unselected medical cohort (2022)
Journal Article
Subhani, M., Sheth, A., Palaniyappan, N., Sugathan, P., Wilkes, E. A., & Aithal, G. P. (2022). Diagnostic accuracy of serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) in a contemporary unselected medical cohort. Journal of International Medical Research, 50(11), Article 030006052211403. https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605221140310

Abstract
Objectives
To describe the different aetiologies of ascites and test the validity of serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) and cytology in a contemporary unselected medical cohort.
Methods
All adult patients admitted to Nottingham Univer... Read More about Diagnostic accuracy of serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) in a contemporary unselected medical cohort.

Physical activity is inversely associated with hepatic fibro-inflammation: A population-based cohort study using UK Biobank data (2022)
Journal Article
Sherry, A. P., Willis, S. A., Yates, T., Johnson, W., Razieh, C., Sargeant, J. A., …King, J. A. (2023). Physical activity is inversely associated with hepatic fibro-inflammation: A population-based cohort study using UK Biobank data. JHEP Reports, 5(1), Article 100622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100622

Background & Aims
Physical activity (PA) is recommended in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) given its beneficial effects on liver fat and cardiometabolic risk. Using data from the UK Biobank population-cohort, this study e... Read More about Physical activity is inversely associated with hepatic fibro-inflammation: A population-based cohort study using UK Biobank data.

Low Accuracy of FIB-4 and NAFLD Fibrosis Scores for Screening for Liver Fibrosis in the Population (2022)
Journal Article
Graupera, I., Thiele, M., Serra-Burriel, M., Caballeria, L., Roulot, D., Wong, G. L.-H., …Krag, A. (2022). Low Accuracy of FIB-4 and NAFLD Fibrosis Scores for Screening for Liver Fibrosis in the Population. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 20(11), 2567-2576.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2021.12.034

Background & Aims

Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) and the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS) are the 2 most popular noninvasive blood-based serum tests proposed for widespread fibrosis screening. We therefore aimed to describe the accuracy o... Read More about Low Accuracy of FIB-4 and NAFLD Fibrosis Scores for Screening for Liver Fibrosis in the Population.

Variability of noninvasive MRI and biological markers in compensated cirrhosis: insights for assessing disease progression (2022)
Journal Article
Bradley, C. R., Cox, E. F., Palaniyappan, N., Aithal, G. P., Francis, S. T., & Guha, I. N. (2022). Variability of noninvasive MRI and biological markers in compensated cirrhosis: insights for assessing disease progression. European Radiology Experimental, 6(1), Article 52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41747-022-00303-y

Abstract: Background: We annually monitored stable compensated cirrhosis (CC) patients to evaluate serial variation in blood serum, liver stiffness, and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) measures to provide reference change values (R... Read More about Variability of noninvasive MRI and biological markers in compensated cirrhosis: insights for assessing disease progression.

Development of Food Group Tree-Based Analysis and Its Association with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Co-Morbidities in a South Indian Population: A Large Case-Control Study (2022)
Journal Article
Vijay, A., Al-Awadi, A., Chalmers, J., Balakumaran, L., Grove, J. I., Valdes, A. M., Taylor, M. A., Shenoy, K. T., & Aithal, G. P. (2022). Development of Food Group Tree-Based Analysis and Its Association with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Co-Morbidities in a South Indian Population: A Large Case-Control Study. Nutrients, 14(14), Article 2808. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142808

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global problem growing in parallel to the epidemics of obesity and diabetes, with South Asians being particularly susceptible. Nutrition and behaviour are important modifiers of the disease,... Read More about Development of Food Group Tree-Based Analysis and Its Association with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Co-Morbidities in a South Indian Population: A Large Case-Control Study.

Prognostic non-invasive biomarkers for all-cause mortality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022)
Journal Article
Cianci, N., Subhani, M., Hill, T., Khanna, A., Zheng, D., Sheth, A., …Aithal, G. P. (2022). Prognostic non-invasive biomarkers for all-cause mortality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World Journal of Hepatology, 14(5), 1025-1037. https://doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v14.i5.1025

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a growing public health concern, with patients having higher risk of morbidity and mortality. It has a considerably high prevalence in the general population, estimated 20%-40% in Europe... Read More about Prognostic non-invasive biomarkers for all-cause mortality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Incidence and prevalence of venous thromboembolism in chronic liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022)
Journal Article
Subhani, M., Sheth, A., Ahmed, J., Wijayasiri, P., Gardezi, S. A., Enki, D., …Aravinthan, A. D. (2022). Incidence and prevalence of venous thromboembolism in chronic liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thrombosis Research, 215, 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2022.05.004

Background and Aims: Historically, bleeding was thought to be a frequent and fatal complication of liver disease. However, thrombosis due to coagulation disorders in cirrhosis remains a real risk. We aim to systematically analyse published articles t... Read More about Incidence and prevalence of venous thromboembolism in chronic liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Incidence and pattern of mycophenolate discontinuation associated with abnormal monitoring blood-test results: cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum (2022)
Journal Article
Nakafero, G., Grainge, M. J., Card, T., Mallen, C. D., Riley, R., Van Der Windt, D., …Abhishek, A. (2022). Incidence and pattern of mycophenolate discontinuation associated with abnormal monitoring blood-test results: cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum. Rheumatology Advances in Practice, 6(2), Article rkac046. https://doi.org/10.1093/rap/rkac046

Objective: The aim was to examine the incidence and pattern of MMF discontinuation associated with abnormal monitoring blood-test results. Methods: Data from people prescribed MMF for common inflammatory conditions in the Clinical Practice Research D... Read More about Incidence and pattern of mycophenolate discontinuation associated with abnormal monitoring blood-test results: cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum.

Characteristics of alcohol recovery narratives: Systematic review and narrative synthesis (2022)
Journal Article
Subhani, M., Talat, U., Knight, H., Morling, J. R., Jones, K. A., Aithal, G. P., …Rennick-Egglestone, S. (2022). Characteristics of alcohol recovery narratives: Systematic review and narrative synthesis. PLoS ONE, 17(5), Article e0268034. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268034

Background and aims Narratives of recovery from alcohol misuse have been analysed in a range of research studies. This paper aims to produce a conceptual framework describing the characteristics of alcohol misuse recovery narratives that are in the r... Read More about Characteristics of alcohol recovery narratives: Systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Corticosteroid plus glycyrrhizin therapy for chronic drug‐ or herb‐induced liver injury achieves biochemical and histological improvements: a randomised open‐label trial (2022)
Journal Article
Wang, J. B., Huang, A., Wang, Y., Ji, D., Liang, Q. S., Zhao, J., Zhou, G., Liu, S., Niu, M., Sun, Y., Tian, H., Teng, G. J., Chang, B. X., Bi, J. F., Peng, X. X., Xin, S., Xie, H., Ma, X., Mao, Y. M., Liangpunsakul, S., …Zou, Z. (2022). Corticosteroid plus glycyrrhizin therapy for chronic drug‐ or herb‐induced liver injury achieves biochemical and histological improvements: a randomised open‐label trial. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 55(10), 1297-1310. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16902

Background
Treatment of chronic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) or herb-induced liver injury(HILI) is an important and unresolved challenge. There is no consensus regarding the indications for corticosteroids for chronic DILI/HILI.

Aims
To inve... Read More about Corticosteroid plus glycyrrhizin therapy for chronic drug‐ or herb‐induced liver injury achieves biochemical and histological improvements: a randomised open‐label trial.

A revised electronic version of RUCAM for the diagnosis of DILI (2022)
Journal Article
Hayashi, P. H., Lucena, M. I., Fontana, R. J., Bjornsson, E. S., Aithal, G. P., Barnhart, H., …Hoofnagle, J. H. (2022). A revised electronic version of RUCAM for the diagnosis of DILI. Hepatology, 76(1), 18-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.32327

Background and Aims: Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) for DILI has been hindered by subjectivity and poor reliability. We sought to improve the RUCAM using data from the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) and the Spanish DILI... Read More about A revised electronic version of RUCAM for the diagnosis of DILI.

HLA-DR polymorphism in SARS-CoV-2 infection and susceptibility to symptomatic COVID-19 (2022)
Journal Article
Astbury, S., Reynolds, C. J., Butler, D. K., Munoz-Sandoval, D. C., Lin, K., Pieper, F. P., …Altmann, D. M. (2022). HLA-DR polymorphism in SARS-CoV-2 infection and susceptibility to symptomatic COVID-19. Immunology, 166(1), 68-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.13450

SARS-CoV-2 infection results in different outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to mild or severe disease and death. Reasons for this diversity of outcome include differences in challenge dose, age, gender, comorbidity and host genomic variati... Read More about HLA-DR polymorphism in SARS-CoV-2 infection and susceptibility to symptomatic COVID-19.

Treatment and Outcome of Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH): Audit of 28 UK centres (2022)
Journal Article
Gordon, V., Adhikary, R., Appleby, V., Das, D., Day, J., Delahooke, T., …Gleeson, D. (2022). Treatment and Outcome of Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH): Audit of 28 UK centres. Liver International, 42(7), 1571-1584. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.15241

Background
With few data regarding treatment and outcome of patients with AIH outside of large centres we present such a study of patients with AIH in 28 UK hospitals of varying size and facilities.

Methods
Patients with AIH were identified in 1... Read More about Treatment and Outcome of Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH): Audit of 28 UK centres.

Validation of the aMAP score to predict hepatocellular carcinoma development in a cohort of alcohol‐related cirrhosis patients (2022)
Journal Article
Liu, K., Yip, T. C. F., Masson, S., Fateen, W., Schwantes‐An, T., McCaughan, G. W., …Seth, D. (2022). Validation of the aMAP score to predict hepatocellular carcinoma development in a cohort of alcohol‐related cirrhosis patients. Liver Cancer International, 3(2), 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1002/lci2.47

Background and Aims
The aMAP score was recently devised to predict hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. However, its performance was not tested in alcohol-related cirrhosis (ALC). We aimed to validate the aMAP score in a cohort of ALC patient... Read More about Validation of the aMAP score to predict hepatocellular carcinoma development in a cohort of alcohol‐related cirrhosis patients.

Monoclonal antibody BTT1023 targeting vascular adhesion protein 1 for treating primary sclerosing cholangitis: BUTEO single-arm Phase II trial (2022)
Journal Article
Arndtz, K., Chen, Y.-Y., Rowe, A., Homer, V., Kirkham, A., Douglas-Pugh, J., …Hirschfield, G. (2022). Monoclonal antibody BTT1023 targeting vascular adhesion protein 1 for treating primary sclerosing cholangitis: BUTEO single-arm Phase II trial. Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation, 9(1), 1-54. https://doi.org/10.3310/zpnf4670

Background: Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a progressive and fibrotic liver disease. Treatments remain inadequate, and patients with persistent elevations in activity of alkaline phosphatase are at greatest risk of disease progression. Studies in... Read More about Monoclonal antibody BTT1023 targeting vascular adhesion protein 1 for treating primary sclerosing cholangitis: BUTEO single-arm Phase II trial.

Integrins as a drug target in liver fibrosis (2022)
Journal Article
Rahman, S. R., Roper, J. A., Grove, J. I., Aithal, G. P., Pun, K. T., & Bennett, A. J. (2022). Integrins as a drug target in liver fibrosis. Liver International, 42(3), 507-521. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.15157

As the worldwide prevalence of chronic liver diseases is high and continuing to increase, there is an urgent need for treatment to prevent cirrhosis-related morbidity and mortality. Integrins are heterodimeric cell-surface proteins that are promising... Read More about Integrins as a drug target in liver fibrosis.

Macrophage Scavenger Receptor 1 mediates lipid-induced inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2021)
Journal Article
Govaere, O., Kragh Petersen, S., Martinez-Lopez, N., Wouters, J., Van Haele, M., Mancina, R. M., Jamialahmadi, O., Bilkei-Gorzo, O., Bel Lassen, P., Darlay, R., Peltier, J., Palmer, J. M., Younes, R., Tiniakos, D., Aithal, G. P., Allison, M., Vacca, M., Göransson, M., Berlinguer-Palmini, R., Clark, J. E., …Härtlova, A. (2022). Macrophage Scavenger Receptor 1 mediates lipid-induced inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Hepatology, 76(5), 1001-1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2021.12.012

Background & Aims: Obesity-associated inflammation is a key player in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the role of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1, CD204) remains incompletely understood.

Methods: 170... Read More about Macrophage Scavenger Receptor 1 mediates lipid-induced inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Speaking of the (Barely legal) elephant in the room: Herbal or dietary supplement related acute liver failure (2021)
Journal Article
Aithal, G. P. (2022). Speaking of the (Barely legal) elephant in the room: Herbal or dietary supplement related acute liver failure. Liver Transplantation, 28(2), 159-160. https://doi.org/10.1002/lt.26377

Titled ‘Barely legal’, Banksy’s first United States (USA) exhibition showcased Tai, an Indian elephant, painted with pink and gold pattern to blend in with the wallpaper of the living room, intended to mock the art world’s claim for the true portraya... Read More about Speaking of the (Barely legal) elephant in the room: Herbal or dietary supplement related acute liver failure.

Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis: Diagnostic Accuracy of Pro-C3 for Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2021)
Journal Article
Mak, A. L., Lee, J., van Dijk, A., Vali, Y., Aithal, G. P., Schattenberg, J. M., …Holleboom, A. G. (2021). Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis: Diagnostic Accuracy of Pro-C3 for Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines, 9(12), Article 1920. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9121920

The prevalence and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing, yet adequately validated tests for care paths are limited and non-invasive markers of disease progression are urgently needed. The aim of this work was to summari... Read More about Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis: Diagnostic Accuracy of Pro-C3 for Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Chronic liver disease in homeless individuals and performance of non‐invasive liver fibrosis and injury markers: VALID study (2021)
Journal Article
Hashim, A., Bremner, S., Grove, J., Astbury, S., Mengozzi, M., O’Sullivan, M., …Verma, S. (2022). Chronic liver disease in homeless individuals and performance of non‐invasive liver fibrosis and injury markers: VALID study. Liver International, 42(3), 628-639. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.15122

Background/aims: Community-based assessment and management of chronic liver disease (CLD) in people who are homeless (PWAH) remains poorly described. We aimed to determine prevalence/predictors of chronic liver disease (CLD) in PWAH and assess perfor... Read More about Chronic liver disease in homeless individuals and performance of non‐invasive liver fibrosis and injury markers: VALID study.

Increased serum miR-193a-5p during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression: Diagnostic and mechanistic relevance (2021)
Journal Article
Johnson, K., Leary, P. J., Govaere, O., Barter, M. J., Charlton, S. H., Cockell, S. J., …Twiss, J. (2022). Increased serum miR-193a-5p during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression: Diagnostic and mechanistic relevance. JHEP Reports, 4(2), Article 100409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100409

Background & Aims: Serum microRNA (miRNA) levels are known to change in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and may serve as useful biomarkers. This study aimed to profile miRNAs comprehensively at all NAFLD stages. Methods: We profiled 2,083 s... Read More about Increased serum miR-193a-5p during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression: Diagnostic and mechanistic relevance.

Development and validation of a prognostic model for leflunomide discontinuation with abnormal blood tests during long-term treatment: cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Gold and Aurum (2021)
Journal Article
Nakafero, G., Grainge, M. J., Card, T., Taal, M. W., Aithal, G. P., Zhang, W., …Abhishek, A. (2022). Development and validation of a prognostic model for leflunomide discontinuation with abnormal blood tests during long-term treatment: cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Gold and Aurum. Rheumatology, 61(7), 2783-2791. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keab790

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a prognostic model for LEF discontinuation with abnormal blood test results. METHODS: Data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Gold and Aurum were used for model development and external validation, respect... Read More about Development and validation of a prognostic model for leflunomide discontinuation with abnormal blood tests during long-term treatment: cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Gold and Aurum.

A genetic risk score and diabetes predict development of alcohol-related cirrhosis in drinkers (2021)
Journal Article
Whitfield, J. B., Schwantes-An, T. H., Darlay, R., Aithal, G. P., Atkinson, S. R., Bataller, R., …Seth, D. (2022). A genetic risk score and diabetes predict development of alcohol-related cirrhosis in drinkers. Journal of Hepatology, 76(2), 275-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2021.10.005

Background & Aims: Only a minority of excess alcohol drinkers develop cirrhosis. We developed and evaluated risk stratification scores to identify those at highest risk. Methods: Three cohorts (GenomALC-1: n = 1,690, GenomALC-2: n = 3,037, UK Biobank... Read More about A genetic risk score and diabetes predict development of alcohol-related cirrhosis in drinkers.

Effects of an isoenergetic low Glycaemic Index (GI) diet on liver fat accumulation and gut microbiota composition in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A study protocol of an efficacy mechanism evaluation (2021)
Journal Article
Al-Awadi, A., Grove, J., Taylor, M., Valdes, A., Vijay, A., Bawden, S., …Aithal, G. (2021). Effects of an isoenergetic low Glycaemic Index (GI) diet on liver fat accumulation and gut microbiota composition in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A study protocol of an efficacy mechanism evaluation. BMJ Open, 11(10), Article e045802. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045802

Introduction A Low Glycaemic Index (LGI) diet is a proposed lifestyle intervention in non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) which is designed to reduce circulating blood glucose levels, hepatic glucose influx, insulin resistance and de novo lipo... Read More about Effects of an isoenergetic low Glycaemic Index (GI) diet on liver fat accumulation and gut microbiota composition in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A study protocol of an efficacy mechanism evaluation.

The role of hepatic lipid composition in obesity-related metabolic disease (2021)
Journal Article
Willis, S. A., Bawden, S., Malaikah, S., Sargeant, J. A., Stensel, D. J., Aithal, G. P., & King, J. A. (2021). The role of hepatic lipid composition in obesity-related metabolic disease. Liver International, 41(12), 2819-2835. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.15059

Obesity is a primary antecedent to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease whose cardinal feature is excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. Although total hepatic lipid content closely associates with hepatic and systemic metabolic dysfunction, accumulating... Read More about The role of hepatic lipid composition in obesity-related metabolic disease.

The Effect of Covid-19 on Alcohol Use Disorder and the Role of Universal Alcohol Screening in an Inpatient Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Control Study (2021)
Journal Article
Subhani, M., Sheth, A., Unitt, S., Aithal, G. P., Ryder, S. D., & Morling, J. R. (2022). The Effect of Covid-19 on Alcohol Use Disorder and the Role of Universal Alcohol Screening in an Inpatient Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Control Study. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 57(2), 203-210. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agab059

Aim: To assess the impact of Covid-19 on alcohol use disorders (AUD) and the role of universal alcohol screening (UAS) in an inpatient setting. Methods: Retrospective cohorts were defined as pre-pandemic and pandemic admitted to Nottingham University... Read More about The Effect of Covid-19 on Alcohol Use Disorder and the Role of Universal Alcohol Screening in an Inpatient Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Control Study.

Estimating the clinical prevalence of Wilson’s disease in the UK (2021)
Journal Article
Wijayasiri, P., Hayre, J., Nicholson, E. S., Kaye, P., Wilkes, E. A., Evans, J., …Aravinthan, A. D. (2021). Estimating the clinical prevalence of Wilson’s disease in the UK. JHEP Reports, 3(5), Article 100329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100329

Background and Aim
The clinical prevalence of Wilson’s disease (WD) in the UK remains unknown. The estimated genetic prevalence in the UK, 142/million, is higher than the clinical prevalence (15/million) reported in other European studies. The aim o... Read More about Estimating the clinical prevalence of Wilson’s disease in the UK.

Advanced preclinical models for evaluation of drug induced liver injury - consensus statement by the European Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network [Pro-Euro-DILI-Net] (2021)
Journal Article
Fernandez-Checa, J. C., Bagnaninchi, P., Ye, H., Sancho-Bru, P., Falcon-Perez, J. M., Royo, F., …Nelson, L. J. (2021). Advanced preclinical models for evaluation of drug induced liver injury - consensus statement by the European Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network [Pro-Euro-DILI-Net]. Journal of Hepatology, 75(4), 935-959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2021.06.021

Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is a major cause of acute liver failure (ALF) and one of the leading indications for liver transplantation in Western societies. Given the wide use of both prescribed and over the counter drugs, DILI has become a majo... Read More about Advanced preclinical models for evaluation of drug induced liver injury - consensus statement by the European Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network [Pro-Euro-DILI-Net].

Determining a healthy reference range and factors potentially influencing PRO-C3 – A biomarker of liver fibrosis (2021)
Journal Article
Erhardtsen, E., Rasmussen, D. G., Frederiksen, P., Leeming, D. J., Shevell, D., Gluud, L. L., …Schattenberg, J. M. (2021). Determining a healthy reference range and factors potentially influencing PRO-C3 – A biomarker of liver fibrosis. JHEP Reports, 3(4), Article 100317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100317

Background & Aims
Progressive fibrosis has been identified as the major predictor of mortality in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several biomarkers are currently being evaluated for their ability to substitute the liver bio... Read More about Determining a healthy reference range and factors potentially influencing PRO-C3 – A biomarker of liver fibrosis.

Elevated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase at onset, and drug metabolism are associated with prolonged recovery from DILI (2021)
Journal Article
Ashby, K., Zhuang, W., González-Jimenez, A., Alvarez-Alvarez, I., Lucena, M. I., Andrade, R. J., …Chen, M. (2021). Elevated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase at onset, and drug metabolism are associated with prolonged recovery from DILI. Journal of Hepatology, 75(2), 333-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2021.03.021

Background & Aims
Although most drug-induced liver injury (DILI) cases resolve after the culprit medication is discontinued, time to recovery varies among patients, with 6-12% developing a chronic disease. Here, we investigated clinical factors and... Read More about Elevated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase at onset, and drug metabolism are associated with prolonged recovery from DILI.

Provision and standards of care for treatment and follow-up of patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) (2021)
Journal Article
Gordon, V. M., Adhikary, R., Aithal, G. P., Appleby, V., Das, D., Day, J., …Gleeson, D. (2022). Provision and standards of care for treatment and follow-up of patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH). Frontline Gastroenterology, 13(2), 126-132. https://doi.org/10.1136/flgastro-2020-101661

Background Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a substantial UK health burden, but there is variation in care, facilities and in opinion regarding management. We conducted an audit of service provision and care of patients with AIH in 28 UK hospitals. Meth... Read More about Provision and standards of care for treatment and follow-up of patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH).

Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: an individual patient data meta-analysis (2021)
Journal Article
Mózes, F. E., Lee, J. A., Selvaraj, E. A., Jayaswal, A. N., Trauner, M., Boursier, J., …Pavlides, M. (2021). Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Gut, https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324243

Objective Liver biopsy is still needed for fibrosis staging in many patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The aims of this study were to evaluate the individual diagnostic performance of liver stiffness measurement by vibration controlled... Read More about Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: an individual patient data meta-analysis.

Diagnostic accuracy of elastography and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2021)
Journal Article
Mózes, F. E., Levick, C. K., Vali, Y., Palaniyappan, N., Liu, C.-H., Zafarmand, M. H., …Pavlides, M. (2021). Diagnostic accuracy of elastography and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Hepatology, 75(4), 770-785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2021.04.044

Background and Aims: Vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), point shear wave elastography (pSWE), two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2DSWE), magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are proposed a... Read More about Diagnostic accuracy of elastography and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Incidence and risk factors of anti-tuberculosis drug induced liver injury (DILI): Large cohort study involving 4652 Chinese adult tuberculosis patients (2021)
Journal Article
Hu, T., Hu, Y., Wang, G., Zhu, Y., Aithal, G. P., Cai, T., …Jiang, F. (2021). Incidence and risk factors of anti-tuberculosis drug induced liver injury (DILI): Large cohort study involving 4652 Chinese adult tuberculosis patients. Liver International, 41(7), 1565-1575. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.14896

Background and Aims: Anti-tuberculosis drugs remain as an important cause of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) worldwide. Adverse drug reactions reduce the effectiveness of treatment. We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors associated wit... Read More about Incidence and risk factors of anti-tuberculosis drug induced liver injury (DILI): Large cohort study involving 4652 Chinese adult tuberculosis patients.

Longitudinal assessment of symptoms and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers across 5 hospitals to understand ethnic differences in infection risk. (2021)
Journal Article
Valdes, A. M., Moon, J. C., Vijay, A., Chaturvedi, N., Norrish, A., Ikram, A., …Manisty, C. (2021). Longitudinal assessment of symptoms and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers across 5 hospitals to understand ethnic differences in infection risk. eClinicalMedicine, 34, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100835

Background:: Healthcare workers (HCWs) have increased rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with the general population. We aimed to understand ethnic differences in SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among hospital healthcare workers depending on their hosp... Read More about Longitudinal assessment of symptoms and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers across 5 hospitals to understand ethnic differences in infection risk..

Gut microbial profile is associated with residential settings and not nutritional status in adults in Karnataka, India (2021)
Journal Article
Mehta, O., Raja Inbaraj, L., Astbury, S., Grove, J. I., Norman, G., Aithal, G. P., …Vijay, A. (2021). Gut microbial profile is associated with residential settings and not nutritional status in adults in Karnataka, India. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8, Article 595756. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.595756

Safety and efficacy of hydrothermal duodenal mucosal resurfacing in patients with type 2 diabetes: the randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled, multicentre REVITA-2 feasibility trial (2021)
Journal Article
Mingrone, G., Baar, A. C. V., Devière, J., Hopkins, D., Moura, E. G. D., Cercato, C., …Bergman, J. J. (2022). Safety and efficacy of hydrothermal duodenal mucosal resurfacing in patients with type 2 diabetes: the randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled, multicentre REVITA-2 feasibility trial. Gut, 71(2), 254-264. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323608

Objective: Hydrothermal duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR) is a safe, outpatient endoscopic procedure. REVITA-2, a double-blind, superiority RCT, investigates safety and efficacy of DMR using the single catheter Revita system (Revita DMR [catheter an... Read More about Safety and efficacy of hydrothermal duodenal mucosal resurfacing in patients with type 2 diabetes: the randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled, multicentre REVITA-2 feasibility trial.

Serum glucose, lactate dehydrogenase and hypertension are mediators of the 1 effect of body mass index on severity of COVID-19 (2021)
Journal Article
Yan, H., Vijay, A., Jiang, F., Zheng, N., Hu, Y., Ye, H., …Aithal, G. P. (2021). Serum glucose, lactate dehydrogenase and hypertension are mediators of the 1 effect of body mass index on severity of COVID-19. Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 4(2), Article e00215. https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.215

Background: COVID-19 has a broad clinical specturm. We investigated the role of serum markers measured on admission on severity as assessed at discharge and investigated those which relate to the effect of BMI on severity.
Methods: Clinical and la... Read More about Serum glucose, lactate dehydrogenase and hypertension are mediators of the 1 effect of body mass index on severity of COVID-19.

Metabolic Imaging in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Applications of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (2021)
Journal Article
Thiagarajan, P., Bawden, S. J., & Aithal, G. P. (2021). Metabolic Imaging in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Applications of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(4), Article 632. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040632

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is poised to dominate the landscape of clinical hepatology in the 21st century. Its complex, interdependent aetiologies, non-linear disease progression and uncertain natural history have presented great chall... Read More about Metabolic Imaging in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Applications of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

Evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of promising circulating biomarkers to diagnose liver injury in humans (2021)
Journal Article
Llewellyn, H. P., Vaidya, V. S., Wang, Z., Peng, Q., Hyde, C., Potter, D., …Ramaiah, S. K. (2021). Evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of promising circulating biomarkers to diagnose liver injury in humans. Toxicological Sciences, 181(1), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfab003

Early diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) continues to be a major hurdle during drug development and post marketing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of promising biomarkers of liver injury - glutamate... Read More about Evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of promising circulating biomarkers to diagnose liver injury in humans.

Long-term outcomes of liver transplant recipients followed up in non-transplant centres: Care closer to home (2021)
Journal Article
Tsien, C., Tan, H., Sharma, S., Palaniyappan, N., Wijayasiri, P., Leung, K., …Aravinthan, A. D. (2021). Long-term outcomes of liver transplant recipients followed up in non-transplant centres: Care closer to home. Clinical Medicine, 21(1), e32-e38. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2020-0609

Introduction: Increasing rates of liver transplantation and improved outcomes have led to greater numbers of transplant recipients followed up in non-transplant centres. Our aim was to document long-term clinical outcomes of liver transplant recipien... Read More about Long-term outcomes of liver transplant recipients followed up in non-transplant centres: Care closer to home.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Not time for an obituary just yet! (2020)
Journal Article
Singh, S. P., Anirvan, P., Reddy, K. R., Conjeevaram, H. S., Marchesini, G., Rinella, M. E., …Goh, K.-L. (2021). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Not time for an obituary just yet!. Journal of Hepatology, 74(4), 972-974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2020.10.015

Genetic Risk Factors in Drug‐Induced Liver Injury Due to Isoniazid‐Containing Antituberculosis Drug Regimens (2020)
Journal Article
Nicoletti, P., Devarbhavi, H., Goel, A., Venkatesan, R., Eapen, C. E., Grove, J. I., …Aithal, G. P. (2021). Genetic Risk Factors in Drug‐Induced Liver Injury Due to Isoniazid‐Containing Antituberculosis Drug Regimens. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 109(4), 1125-1135. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.2100

Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a complication of treatment with anti‐tuberculosis (TB) drugs, especially in isoniazid‐containing regimens. To investigate genetic risk factors, we performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) involving anti‐TB... Read More about Genetic Risk Factors in Drug‐Induced Liver Injury Due to Isoniazid‐Containing Antituberculosis Drug Regimens.

Acceptability of chronic liver disease screening in a UK primary care setting: a qualitative evaluation (2020)
Journal Article
Knight, H., Harman, D., Morling, J. R., Aithal, G., Card, T., Guha, I. N., & Bains, M. (2020). Acceptability of chronic liver disease screening in a UK primary care setting: a qualitative evaluation. BMJ Open, 10(11), Article e041574. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041574

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. OBJECTIVES: The increasing incidence of chronic liver disease (CLD) in the UK may be attributed to a rise in... Read More about Acceptability of chronic liver disease screening in a UK primary care setting: a qualitative evaluation.

Guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis (2020)
Journal Article
Aithal, G. P., Palaniyappan, N., China, L., Härmälä, S., Macken, L., Ryan, J. M., …Verma, S. (2020). Guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis. Gut, 70(1), https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321790

The British Society of Gastroenterology in collaboration with British Association for the Study of the Liver has prepared this document. The aim of this guideline is to review and summarise the evidence that guides clinical diagnosis and management o... Read More about Guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis.

In severe alcoholic hepatitis, serum cytokeratin-18 fragments are diagnostic, prognostic and theragnostic biomarkers (2020)
Journal Article
Atkinson, S. R., Grove, J. I., Liebig, S., Astbury, S., Vergis, N., Goldin, R., …Aithal, G. P. (2020). In severe alcoholic hepatitis, serum cytokeratin-18 fragments are diagnostic, prognostic and theragnostic biomarkers. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 115(11), 1857-1868. https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000912

INTRODUCTION:

Up to 40% of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH) die within 6 months of presentation, making prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment essential. We determined the associations between serum keratin-18 (K18) and histologi... Read More about In severe alcoholic hepatitis, serum cytokeratin-18 fragments are diagnostic, prognostic and theragnostic biomarkers.

Comparison of the reverse bevel versus Franseen type endoscopic ultrasound needle (2020)
Journal Article
Wing Chow, C., Asma Haider, S., Ragunath, K., Aithal, G. P., James, M. W., Ortiz-Fernandez-Sordo, J., …Vasan Venkatachalapathy, S. (2020). Comparison of the reverse bevel versus Franseen type endoscopic ultrasound needle. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 12(9), 266-275. https://doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v12.i9.266

BACKGROUND
Reverse bevel (RB) needle is widely used for endoscopic ultrasound fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB). A 3-plane symmetrical needle with Franseen geometry (FG) has recently become available.
AIM
To compare the clinical efficacy of FG to that... Read More about Comparison of the reverse bevel versus Franseen type endoscopic ultrasound needle.

Role of drugs used for chronic disease management on susceptibility and severity of COVID-19: A large case-control study (2020)
Journal Article
Yan, H., Valdes, A. M., Vijay, A., Wang, S., Liang, L., Yang, S., …Aithal, G. P. (2020). Role of drugs used for chronic disease management on susceptibility and severity of COVID-19: A large case-control study. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 108(6), 1185-1194. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.2047

The study aimed to investigate whether specific medications used in the treatment chronic diseases affected either the development and/ or severity of COVID-19 in a cohort of 610 COVID-19 cases and 48,667 population-based controls from Zheijang, Chin... Read More about Role of drugs used for chronic disease management on susceptibility and severity of COVID-19: A large case-control study.

Polygenic architecture informs potential vulnerability to drug-induced liver injury (2020)
Journal Article
Koido, M., Kawakami, E., Fukumura, J., Noguchi, Y., Ohori, M., Nio, Y., …Takebe, T. (2020). Polygenic architecture informs potential vulnerability to drug-induced liver injury. Nature Medicine, 26, 1541–1548. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-1023-0

Drug-Induced-Liver-Injury (DILI) is a leading cause of termination in drug development programs and removal of drugs from the market, and this is partially due to the inability to identify patients who are at risk1. Here, we developed a polygenic ris... Read More about Polygenic architecture informs potential vulnerability to drug-induced liver injury.

Obesity, diabetes, coffee, tea and cannabis use alter risk for alcohol-related cirrhosis in two large cohorts of high-risk drinkers (2020)
Journal Article
Whitfield, J. B., Masson, S., Liangpunsakul, S., Mueller, S., Aithal, G. P., Eyer, F., …Seth, D. (2021). Obesity, diabetes, coffee, tea and cannabis use alter risk for alcohol-related cirrhosis in two large cohorts of high-risk drinkers. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 116(1), 106-115. https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000833

Background:
Sustained high alcohol intake is necessary but not sufficient to produce alcohol-related cirrhosis. Identification of risk factors, apart from lifetime alcohol exposure, would assist in discovery of mechanisms and prediction of risk.... Read More about Obesity, diabetes, coffee, tea and cannabis use alter risk for alcohol-related cirrhosis in two large cohorts of high-risk drinkers.

Genome-wide association study and meta-analysis on alcohol-related liver cirrhosis identifies novel genetic risk factors (2020)
Journal Article
Schwantes-An, T.-H., Darlay, R., Mathurin, P., Masson, S., Liangpunsakul, S., Mueller, S., …Seth, D. (2021). Genome-wide association study and meta-analysis on alcohol-related liver cirrhosis identifies novel genetic risk factors. Hepatology, 73(5), 1920-1931. https://doi.org/10.1002/HEP.31535

Only a minority of heavy drinkers progress to alcohol‐related cirrhosis (ALC). The aim of this study was to identify common genetic variants that underlie risk for ALC. We analyzed data from 1,128 subjects of European ancestry with ALC and 614 heavy... Read More about Genome-wide association study and meta-analysis on alcohol-related liver cirrhosis identifies novel genetic risk factors.

Cenicriviroc Treatment for Adults With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis: Final Analysis of the Phase 2b CENTAUR Study (2020)
Journal Article
Ratziu, V., Sanyal, A., Harrison, S. A., Wong, V. W., Francque, S., Goodman, Z., …Tacke, F. (2020). Cenicriviroc Treatment for Adults With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis: Final Analysis of the Phase 2b CENTAUR Study. Hepatology, 72(3), 892-905. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.31108

Pro-adrenomedullin in acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis: relationship with acute-on-chronic liver failure and short-term survival (2020)
Journal Article
Du, J., Yan, H., Jin, S., Liang, L., an Du, J., Aithal, G. P., & Li, L. (2020). Pro-adrenomedullin in acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis: relationship with acute-on-chronic liver failure and short-term survival. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 55(5), 606-614. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365521.2020.1764616

Genetic variation in HSD17B13 reduces the risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol misusers (2020)
Journal Article
Stickel, F., Lutz, P., Buch, S., Nischalke, H. D., Silva, I., Rausch, V., …Morgan, M. Y. (2020). Genetic variation in HSD17B13 reduces the risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol misusers. Hepatology, 72(1), 88-102. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.30996

Background & Aims:
Carriage of rs738409:G in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) is associated with an increased risk for developing alcohol-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, rs72613567:TA in hydrox... Read More about Genetic variation in HSD17B13 reduces the risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol misusers.

Accurate non-invasive diagnosis and staging of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using the urinary steroid metabolome (2020)
Journal Article
Moolla, A., de Boer, J., Pavlov, D., Amin, A., Taylor, A., Gilligan, L., Hughes, B., Ryan, J., Barnes, E., Hassan-Smith, Z., Grove, J., Aithal, G. P., Verrijken, A., Francque, S., Van Gaal, L., Armstrong, M. J., Newsome, P. N., Cobbold, J. F., Arlt, W., Biehl, M., & Tomlinson, J. W. (2020). Accurate non-invasive diagnosis and staging of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using the urinary steroid metabolome. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 51(11), 1188-1197. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15710

Background: The development of accurate, non-invasive markers to diagnose and stage non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is critical to reduce the need for an invasive liver biopsy and to identify patients who are at the highest risk of hepatic... Read More about Accurate non-invasive diagnosis and staging of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using the urinary steroid metabolome.

Genome-wide association study of non-alcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis in a histologically-characterised cohort (2020)
Journal Article
Anstee, Q. M., Darlay, R., Cockell, S., Meroni, M., Govaere, O., Tiniakos, D., …Daly, A. K. (2020). Genome-wide association study of non-alcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis in a histologically-characterised cohort. Journal of Hepatology, 73(3), 505-515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.003

Background and Aims

Genetic factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain incompletely understood. To date, most GWAS studies have adopted radiologically assessed hepatic triglyceride content as reference phenotype and s... Read More about Genome-wide association study of non-alcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis in a histologically-characterised cohort.

HLA-B*14:01 and HLA-B*35:01 are associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole induced liver injury (2020)
Journal Article
Li, Y.-J., Phillips, E., Dellinger, A., Nicoletti, P., Schutte, R., Li, D., …Drug‐induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN). (2021). HLA-B*14:01 and HLA-B*35:01 are associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole induced liver injury. Hepatology, 73(1), 268-281. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.31258

Background and Aim
Trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) is an important cause of idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury (DILI), but its genetic risk factors are not well understood. We investigated the relationship between variants in the HLA C... Read More about HLA-B*14:01 and HLA-B*35:01 are associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole induced liver injury.

Volixibat in adults with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: 24-week interim analysis from a randomized, phase II study (2020)
Journal Article
Newsome, P. N., Palmer, M., Freilich, B., Sheikh, M. Y., Sheikh, A., Sarles, H., …Aithal, G. P. (2020). Volixibat in adults with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: 24-week interim analysis from a randomized, phase II study. Journal of Hepatology, 73(2), 231-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.024

Background & Aims:
Volixibat is an inhibitor of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), hypothesized to treat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by blocking bile acid reuptake and stimulating hepatic bile acid production.
Method... Read More about Volixibat in adults with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: 24-week interim analysis from a randomized, phase II study.

HLA associations with infliximab-induced liver injury (2020)
Journal Article
Bruno, C. D., Fremd, B., Church, R. J., Daly, A. K., Aithal, G. P., Bjornsson, E. S., …Chow, C. R. (2020). HLA associations with infliximab-induced liver injury. Pharmacogenomics Journal, 20, 681–686. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41397-020-0159-0

Biomarkers that are able to identify patients at risk of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) after treatment with infliximab could be important in increasing the safety of infliximab use. We performed a genetic analysis to identify possible human leukoc... Read More about HLA associations with infliximab-induced liver injury.

The Evaluation and Use of a Food Frequency Questionnaire Among the Population in Trivandrum, South Kerala, India (2020)
Journal Article
Vijay, A., Mohan, L., Taylor, M. A., Grove, J. I., Valdes, A. M., Aithal, G. P., & Shenoy, K. T. (2020). The Evaluation and Use of a Food Frequency Questionnaire Among the Population in Trivandrum, South Kerala, India. Nutrients, 12(2), Article 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020383

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Dietary record tools such as food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and food diaries (FD) are the most commonly used choices for assessing dietary intakes in most large-scale epidemiological studi... Read More about The Evaluation and Use of a Food Frequency Questionnaire Among the Population in Trivandrum, South Kerala, India.

Acute Hyperenergetic, High-Fat Feeding Increases Circulating FGF21, LECT2, and Fetuin-A in Healthy Men (2020)
Journal Article
Willis, S. A., Sargeant, J. A., Yates, T., Takamura, T., Takayama, H., Gupta, V., …King, J. A. (2020). Acute Hyperenergetic, High-Fat Feeding Increases Circulating FGF21, LECT2, and Fetuin-A in Healthy Men. Journal of Nutrition, 150(5), 1076–1085. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz333

Background: Hepatokines such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2), fetuin-A, fetuin-B and selenoprotein P (SeP) are liver-derived proteins which are modulated by chronic energy status and metabolic disea... Read More about Acute Hyperenergetic, High-Fat Feeding Increases Circulating FGF21, LECT2, and Fetuin-A in Healthy Men.

Unacceptable failures: the final report of the Lancet Commission into liver disease in the UK (2019)
Journal Article
Rice, P., Williams, R., Newsome, P., Aithal, G., Morling, J., Alexander, G. J., …Yeoman, A. (2020). Unacceptable failures: the final report of the Lancet Commission into liver disease in the UK. Lancet, 395(10219), 226-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736%2819%2932908-3

This final report of the Lancet Commission into liver disease in the UK stresses the continuing increase in burden of liver disease from excess alcohol consumption and obesity, with high levels of hospital admissions which are worsening in deprived a... Read More about Unacceptable failures: the final report of the Lancet Commission into liver disease in the UK.

Lower gut microbiome diversity and higher abundance of proinflammatory genus Collinsella are associated with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (2019)
Journal Article
Astbury, S., Atallah, E., Vijay, A., Aithal, G., Grove, J., & Valdes, A. (2020). Lower gut microbiome diversity and higher abundance of proinflammatory genus Collinsella are associated with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Gut Microbes, 11(3), 569-580. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2019.1681861

There is increasing evidence for the role of gut microbial composition in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most serious form of NAFLD where inflammation causes liver damage tha... Read More about Lower gut microbiome diversity and higher abundance of proinflammatory genus Collinsella are associated with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Transient elastography for screening of liver fibrosis: cost-effectiveness analysis from six prospective cohorts in Europe and Asia (2019)
Journal Article
Serra-Burriel, M., Graupera, I., Torán, P., Thiele, M., Roulot, D., Wai-Sun Wong, V., …Lammert, F. (2019). Transient elastography for screening of liver fibrosis: cost-effectiveness analysis from six prospective cohorts in Europe and Asia. Journal of Hepatology, 71(6), 1141-1151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2019.08.019

Background & Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) pose an important challenge to current clinical healthcare pathways due to a large number of at-risk patients. Therefore, we aimed to explore the cost-effec... Read More about Transient elastography for screening of liver fibrosis: cost-effectiveness analysis from six prospective cohorts in Europe and Asia.

Genetic Polymorphisms Implicated in Nonalcoholic Liver Disease or Selected Other Disorders Have No Influence on Drug‐Induced Liver Injury (2019)
Journal Article
for the US DILIN Investigators, Bonkovsky, H. L., Severson, T., Nicoletti, P., Barnhart, H., Serrano, J., …Odin, J. (2019). Genetic Polymorphisms Implicated in Nonalcoholic Liver Disease or Selected Other Disorders Have No Influence on Drug‐Induced Liver Injury. Hepatology Communications, 3(8), 1032-1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep4.1382

With the application of genetic testing to contemporary medical diagnostics and practice, it has become apparent that the phenotypes of many disorders are modulated by host genetic factors. The aim of the current study was to determine whether select... Read More about Genetic Polymorphisms Implicated in Nonalcoholic Liver Disease or Selected Other Disorders Have No Influence on Drug‐Induced Liver Injury.

Natural History of Histologically-proven Alcohol Related Liver Disease: A systematic review (2019)
Journal Article
Parker, R., Aithal, G. P., Becker, U., Gleeson, D., Masson, S., Wyatt, J. I., & Rowe, I. A. (2019). Natural History of Histologically-proven Alcohol Related Liver Disease: A systematic review. Journal of Hepatology, 71(3), 586-593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2019.05.020

Background:
Studies into the natural history of alcohol related liver disease (ArLD) to date have lacked long-term follow-up, large numbers of participants, or both. We performed a systematic review to summarise studies that describe the natural hi... Read More about Natural History of Histologically-proven Alcohol Related Liver Disease: A systematic review.

Of Potions, Poisons, Polygonum and Pre‐emptive Polymorphism (2019)
Journal Article
Aithal, G. P. (2019). Of Potions, Poisons, Polygonum and Pre‐emptive Polymorphism. Hepatology, 70(1), 8-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.30798

There are scores of references to plants and herbs in William Shakespeare's plays; he was obviously very knowledgeable about their perceived effects. The secret to the highly potent love potion Oberon asks Puck to find, lies in the purple, yellow and... Read More about Of Potions, Poisons, Polygonum and Pre‐emptive Polymorphism.

Incidence and Etiology of Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Mainland China (2019)
Journal Article
Shen, T., Liu, Y., Shang, J., Xie, Q., Li, J., Yan, M., …Chen, C. (2019). Incidence and Etiology of Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Mainland China. Gastroenterology, 156(8), 2230-2241.e11. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.02.002

Background & Aims: We performed a nationwide, retrospective study to determine the incidence and causes of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in mainland China.
Methods: We collected data on a total of 25,927 confirmed DILI cases, hospitalized from... Read More about Incidence and Etiology of Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Mainland China.

Drug-Induced Liver Injury due to Flucloxacillin: Relevance of Multiple Human Leukocyte Antigen Alleles (2019)
Journal Article
Nicoletti, P., Aithal, G. P., Chamberlain, T. C., Coulthard, S., Alshabeeb, M., Grove, J. I., …Daly, A. K. (2019). Drug-Induced Liver Injury due to Flucloxacillin: Relevance of Multiple Human Leukocyte Antigen Alleles. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 106(1), 245-253. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.1375

© 2019 The Authors Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics © 2019 American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Some patients prescribed flucloxacillin (~0.01%) develop drug-induced liver injury (DILI). HLA-B*57:01 is an established gene... Read More about Drug-Induced Liver Injury due to Flucloxacillin: Relevance of Multiple Human Leukocyte Antigen Alleles.

A Missense Variant in PTPN22 is a Risk Factor for Drug-induced Liver Injury (2019)
Journal Article
Cirulli, E. T., Nicoletti, P., Abramson, K., Andrade, R. J., Bjornsson, E. S., Chalasani, N., …Watkins, P. B. (2019). A Missense Variant in PTPN22 is a Risk Factor for Drug-induced Liver Injury. Gastroenterology,

Background & Aims: We performed genetic analyses of a multiethnic cohort of patients with idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) to identify variants associated with susceptibility.

Methods: We performed a genome-wide association study of... Read More about A Missense Variant in PTPN22 is a Risk Factor for Drug-induced Liver Injury.

Association of Pretransplant Renal Function With Liver Graft and Patient Survival After Liver Transplantation in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (2018)
Journal Article
Molnar, M. Z., Joglekar, K., Jiang, Y., Cholankeril, G., Abdul, M. K. M., Kedia, S., …Satapathy, S. K. (2019). Association of Pretransplant Renal Function With Liver Graft and Patient Survival After Liver Transplantation in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Liver Transplantation, 25(3), 399-410. https://doi.org/10.1002/lt.25367

Background: Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis(NASH) is one of the top three indications for liver transplantation in western countries. It is unknown whether renal dysfunction at the time of liver transplantation has any effect on post-liver transplantati... Read More about Association of Pretransplant Renal Function With Liver Graft and Patient Survival After Liver Transplantation in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.

Identification of Cystic Lesions by Secondary Screening of Familial Pancreatic Cancer (FPC) Kindreds Is Not Associated with the Stratified Risk of Cancer (2018)
Journal Article
Sheel, A. R. G., Harrison, S., Sarantitis, I., Nicholson, J. A., Hanna, T., Grocock, C., …Greenhalf, W. (2019). Identification of Cystic Lesions by Secondary Screening of Familial Pancreatic Cancer (FPC) Kindreds Is Not Associated with the Stratified Risk of Cancer. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 114(1), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41395-018-0395-y

Objectives:
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (IPMNs) are associated with risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). It is unclear if an IPMN in individuals at high risk of PDAC should be considered as a positive screening result or as... Read More about Identification of Cystic Lesions by Secondary Screening of Familial Pancreatic Cancer (FPC) Kindreds Is Not Associated with the Stratified Risk of Cancer.

MRI assessment of altered dynamic changes in liver haemodynamics following a meal challenge in compensated cirrhosis (2018)
Journal Article
Cox, E. F., Palaniyappan, N., Aithal, G. P., Guha, I. N., & Francis, S. T. (2018). MRI assessment of altered dynamic changes in liver haemodynamics following a meal challenge in compensated cirrhosis. European Radiology Experimental, 2, Article 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41747-018-0056-3

Background: To use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to dynamically assess postprandial changes in hepatic and collateral blood flow, liver perfusion and oxygenation in healthy participants and patients with liver disease with compensated cirrhosis (C... Read More about MRI assessment of altered dynamic changes in liver haemodynamics following a meal challenge in compensated cirrhosis.

Using MRI to study the alterations in liver blood flow, perfusion and oxygenation in response to physiological stress challenges: meal, hyperoxia and hypercapnia (2018)
Journal Article
Cox, E. F., Palaniyappan, N., Aithal, G. P., Guha, I. N., & Francis, S. T. (in press). Using MRI to study the alterations in liver blood flow, perfusion and oxygenation in response to physiological stress challenges: meal, hyperoxia and hypercapnia. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging,

Background: Non-invasive assessment of dynamic changes in liver blood flow, perfusion and oxygenation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may allow detection of subtle haemodynamic alterations in cirrhosis.
Purpose: To assess the feasibility of... Read More about Using MRI to study the alterations in liver blood flow, perfusion and oxygenation in response to physiological stress challenges: meal, hyperoxia and hypercapnia.

The effect of exercise training on intrahepatic triglyceride and hepatic insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2018)
Journal Article
Sargeant, J. A., Gray, L. J., Bodicoat, D. H., Willis, S. A., Stensel, D. J., Nimmo, M. A., Aithal, G. P., & King, J. A. (2018). The effect of exercise training on intrahepatic triglyceride and hepatic insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews, https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12719

This systematic review and meta-analysis determined the impact of structured exercise training, and the influence of associated weight loss, on intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It also ex... Read More about The effect of exercise training on intrahepatic triglyceride and hepatic insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ADAPT: an algorithm incorporating PRO-C3 accurately identifies patients with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis (2018)
Journal Article
Daniels, S. J., Leeming, D. J., Eslam, M., Hashem, A. M., Nielsen, M. J., Krag, A., Karsdal, M. A., Grove, J. I., Guha, I. N., Kawaguchi, T., Torimura, T., McLeod, D., Akiba, J., Kaye, P., de Boer, B., Aithal, G. P., Adams, L. A., & George, J. (2019). ADAPT: an algorithm incorporating PRO-C3 accurately identifies patients with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis. Hepatology, 69(3), 1075-1086. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.30163

Background and Aim: Given the high global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the need for relevant non-invasive biomarkers and algorithms to accurately stage disease severity is a critical unmet medical need. Identifying those w... Read More about ADAPT: an algorithm incorporating PRO-C3 accurately identifies patients with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis.

Multi organ assessment of compensated cirrhosis patients using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (2018)
Journal Article
Bradley, C. R., Cox, E. F., Scott, R. A., James, M. W., Kaye, P., Aithal, G. P., Francis, S. T., & Guha, I. N. (2018). Multi organ assessment of compensated cirrhosis patients using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Hepatology, 69(5), 1015-1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2018.05.037

Background and Aims: Advancing liver disease results in deleterious changes in a number of critical organs. The ability to measure structure, blood flow and tissue perfusion within multiple organs in a single scan has implications for determining the... Read More about Multi organ assessment of compensated cirrhosis patients using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging.

Pharmacogenomics of drug-induced liver injury (DILI): molecular biology to clinical applications (2018)
Journal Article
Kaliyaperumal, K., Grove, J. I., Delahay, R. M., Griffiths, W. J., Duckworth, A., & Aithal, G. P. (2018). Pharmacogenomics of drug-induced liver injury (DILI): molecular biology to clinical applications. Journal of Hepatology, 69(4), 948-957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2018.05.013

A number of drug-specific and host-related factors contribute to the development of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Investigations focused on genetic susceptibility to DILI have advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of this rare, yet poten... Read More about Pharmacogenomics of drug-induced liver injury (DILI): molecular biology to clinical applications.

Hip fracture risk in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: a population-based study using English and Danish data (2018)
Journal Article
Otete, H. E., Deleuran, T., Fleming, K. M., Card, T. R., Aithal, G. P., Jepsen, P., & West, J. (2018). Hip fracture risk in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: a population-based study using English and Danish data. Journal of Hepatology, 69(3), 697-704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2018.04.002

Background & aims: Cirrhosis is a risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures. However, little is known of the actual risk of hip fractures in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Using linked primary and secondary care data from the English and Danish... Read More about Hip fracture risk in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: a population-based study using English and Danish data.

Pretreatment lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with hepatitis C virus infection diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma after initiating direct-acting antiviral therapy (2018)
Journal Article
Scott, R. A., Aithal, G. P., Francis, S. T., & Irving, W. L. (2018). Pretreatment lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with hepatitis C virus infection diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma after initiating direct-acting antiviral therapy. Gastroenterology, 154(6), https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2017.12.047

Analysis of genotyping for predicting liver injury marker, Procollagen III in persons at risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2018)
Journal Article
Grove, J. I., Thiagarajan, P., Astbury, S., Harris, R., Delahooke, T., Guha, I. N., & Aithal, G. P. (2018). Analysis of genotyping for predicting liver injury marker, Procollagen III in persons at risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver International, 38(10), 1832-1838. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.13733

Background & Aims
Chronic liver disease presents a major global public health challenge. Stratification of asymptomatic, at-risk patients in primary care using non-invasive methods has the potential to address this by identifying those likely to pr... Read More about Analysis of genotyping for predicting liver injury marker, Procollagen III in persons at risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Effects of sprint interval training on ectopic lipids and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2018)
Journal Article
Sargeant, J. A., Bawden, S., Aithal, G. P., Simpson, E. J., Macdonald, I. A., Turner, M. C., …King, J. A. (2018). Effects of sprint interval training on ectopic lipids and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 118(4), 817-828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3818-y

Purpose: This study examined the feasibility of sprint interval exercise training (SIT) for men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its effects on intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG), insulin sensitivity (hepatic and peripheral), visceral... Read More about Effects of sprint interval training on ectopic lipids and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of cenicriviroc for treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with fibrosis (2018)
Journal Article
Friedman, S. L., Ratziu, V., Harrison, S. A., Abdelmalek, M. F., Aithal, G. P., Caballeria, J., …Lefebvre, E. (2018). A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of cenicriviroc for treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with fibrosis. Hepatology, 67(5), https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.29477

The aim of this study was to evaluate cenicriviroc (CVC), a dual antagonist of C-C chemokine receptor types 2 and 5, for treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with liver fibrosis.
A randomized, double-blind, multinational phase 2b study e... Read More about A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of cenicriviroc for treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with fibrosis.

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are important risk factors underlying previously undiagnosed cirrhosis in general practice: a cross-sectional study using Transient Elastography (2017)
Journal Article
Harman, D. J., Ryder, S. D., James, M. W., Wilkes, E. A., Card, T. R., Aithal, G. P., & Guha, I. N. (2018). Obesity and type 2 diabetes are important risk factors underlying previously undiagnosed cirrhosis in general practice: a cross-sectional study using Transient Elastography. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 47(4), 504-515. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14463

Background: Rising cirrhosis incidence and mortality in the United Kingdom has been attributed predominantly to excess alcohol consumption. However, metabolic risk factors such as type 2 diabetes and obesity may also be important.
Aim: To screen at-... Read More about Obesity and type 2 diabetes are important risk factors underlying previously undiagnosed cirrhosis in general practice: a cross-sectional study using Transient Elastography.

Glycaemic, gastrointestinal and appetite responses to breakfast porridges from ancient cereal grains: a MRI pilot study in healthy humans (2017)
Journal Article
Alyami, J., Ladd, N., Pritchard, S. E., Hoad, C. L., Abdul Sultan, A., Spiller, R. C., Gowland, P. A., MacDonald, I. A., Aithal, G. P., Marciani, L., & Taylor, M. A. (2017). Glycaemic, gastrointestinal and appetite responses to breakfast porridges from ancient cereal grains: a MRI pilot study in healthy humans. Food Research International, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.071

Cereal grain based porridges are commonly consumed throughout the world. Whilst some data are available for varieties that are popular in the Western world such as oats and rye, other ‘ancient’ grains used in the East and in Africa such as millets ar... Read More about Glycaemic, gastrointestinal and appetite responses to breakfast porridges from ancient cereal grains: a MRI pilot study in healthy humans.

Evaluation of laboratory tests for cirrhosis and for alcohol use, in the context of alcoholic cirrhosis (2017)
Journal Article

Laboratory tests can play an important role in assessment of alcoholic patients, including for evaluation of liver damage and as markers of alcohol intake. Evidence on test performance should lead to better selection of appropriate tests and improved... Read More about Evaluation of laboratory tests for cirrhosis and for alcohol use, in the context of alcoholic cirrhosis.

Spontaneous central venous thrombosis and shunt occlusion following peritoneovenous shunt placement for intractable ascites (2017)
Journal Article
Hariharan, D., Wilkes, E. A., Aithal, G. P., Travis, S., & Lobo, D. N. (2017). Spontaneous central venous thrombosis and shunt occlusion following peritoneovenous shunt placement for intractable ascites. Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 99(5), Article e145-e147. https://doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2017.0058

A 43-year-old man had a peritoneovenous shunt inserted for the treatment of chylous ascites secondary to myelofibrosis. Despite being on anticoagulation for superior mesenteric vein thrombosis, he developed shunt dysfunction within two weeks of inser... Read More about Spontaneous central venous thrombosis and shunt occlusion following peritoneovenous shunt placement for intractable ascites.

Minocycline hepatotoxicity: clinical characterization and identification of HLA-B∗ 35:02 as a risk factor (2017)
Journal Article
Urban, T. J., Nicoletti, P., Chalasani, N., Serrano, J., Stolz, A., Daly, A. K., …Fontana, R. J. (in press). Minocycline hepatotoxicity: clinical characterization and identification of HLA-B∗ 35:02 as a risk factor. Journal of Hepatology, 67(1), 137-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.010

Minocycline hepatotoxicity can present with prominent autoimmune features in previously healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to identify genetic determinants of minocycline DILI in a well-phenotyped cohort of patients. Methods: Caucasian pa... Read More about Minocycline hepatotoxicity: clinical characterization and identification of HLA-B∗ 35:02 as a risk factor.

Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among individuals with different aetiologies of cirrhosis: a population-based cohort study (2017)
Journal Article
West, J., Card, T. R., Aithal, G. P., & Fleming, K. M. (2017). Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among individuals with different aetiologies of cirrhosis: a population-based cohort study. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 45(7), 983-990. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13961

Background: Among patients with cirrhosis, only those determined to be at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) should undergo surveillance. However, little is known about how different aetiologies of cirrhosis affect risk for HCC.
Aim: To quantif... Read More about Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among individuals with different aetiologies of cirrhosis: a population-based cohort study.

Association of liver injury from specific drugs, or groups of drugs, with polymorphisms in HLA and other genes in a genome-wide association study (2016)
Journal Article
Nicoletti, P., Aithal, G. P., Bjornsson, E. S., Andrade, R. J., Sawle, A., Arrese, M., …Daly, A. K. (2017). Association of liver injury from specific drugs, or groups of drugs, with polymorphisms in HLA and other genes in a genome-wide association study. Gastroenterology, 152(5), 1078-1089. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.12.016

Background & aims: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic risk factors for drug-induced liver injury (DILI) from licensed drugs without previously reported genetic risk factors.
Methods: We performed a GWAS of 862 pe... Read More about Association of liver injury from specific drugs, or groups of drugs, with polymorphisms in HLA and other genes in a genome-wide association study.

Non-invasive assessment of portal hypertension using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (2016)
Journal Article
Palaniyappan, N., Cox, E., Bradley, C., Scott, R., Austin, A., O’Neill, R., Ramjas, G., Travis, S., White, H., Singh, R., Thurley, P., Guha, I. N., Francis, S., & Aithal, G. P. (2016). Non-invasive assessment of portal hypertension using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Hepatology, 65(6), 1131-1139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2016.07.021

Background & Aims

Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement is currently the only validated technique to accurately evaluate changes in portal pressure. In this study, we evaluate the use of non-contrast quantitative magnetic resonance i... Read More about Non-invasive assessment of portal hypertension using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging.

Immune dysfunction in patients with obstructive jaundice before and after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (2016)
Journal Article
Chowdhury, A. H., Camara, M., Martinez-Pomares, L., Zaitoun, A. M., Eremin, O., Aithal, G. P., & Lobo, D. (2016). Immune dysfunction in patients with obstructive jaundice before and after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Clinical Science, 130(17), 1535-1544. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20160326

© 2016 The Author(s). This prospective observational study investigated monocyte cytokine responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in patients with obstructive jaundice (OJ) before and after endoscopic biliary drainage. Dendritic cell (DC) subsets and t... Read More about Immune dysfunction in patients with obstructive jaundice before and after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

The detection of oesophageal varices using a novel, disposable, probe-based transnasal endoscope: a prospective diagnostic pilot study (2016)
Journal Article

Background & Aims
Screening for oesophageal varices (OV) using conventional oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (C-OGD) is invasive and requires costly monitoring, recovery, and decontamination facilities. We aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility, acc... Read More about The detection of oesophageal varices using a novel, disposable, probe-based transnasal endoscope: a prospective diagnostic pilot study.

Monozygotic twins with NASH cirrhosis: cumulative effect of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms? (2016)
Journal Article
Grove, J. I., Austin, M., Tibble, J., Aithal, G. P., & Verma, S. (2016). Monozygotic twins with NASH cirrhosis: cumulative effect of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms?. Annals of Hepatology, 15(2), 277-282

Multiple genetic and environmental factors interact to determine an individual’s predisposition to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its phenotypic characteristics. Association studies have found a number of alleles associated with the developmen... Read More about Monozygotic twins with NASH cirrhosis: cumulative effect of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms?.

Genome-Wide Association Studies in Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Step Change in Understanding the Pathogenesis (2015)
Journal Article

Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study (2015)
Journal Article
Armstrong, M. J., Gaunt, P., Aithal, G. P., Barton, D., Hull, D., Parker, R., …Newsome, P. N. (in press). Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study. Lancet, 387(10019), https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736%2815%2900803-X

Background

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues reduce hepatic steatosis, concentrations of liver enzymes, and insulin resistance in murine models of fatty liver disease. These analogues are licensed for type 2 diabetes, but their efficacy in... Read More about Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study.

Direct targeting of risk factors significantly increases the detection of liver cirrhosis in primary care: a cross-sectional diagnostic study utilising transient elastography (2015)
Journal Article
Harman, D. J., Ryder, S. D., James, M. W., Jelpke, M., Ottey, D. S., Wilkes, E. A., …Guha, I. N. (2015). Direct targeting of risk factors significantly increases the detection of liver cirrhosis in primary care: a cross-sectional diagnostic study utilising transient elastography. BMJ Open, 5(4), Article e007516. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007516

OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility of a novel diagnostic algorithm targeting patients with risk factors for chronic liver disease in a community setting.

DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study.

SETTING: Two primary care practices (adult... Read More about Direct targeting of risk factors significantly increases the detection of liver cirrhosis in primary care: a cross-sectional diagnostic study utilising transient elastography.

A study of T1 relaxation time as a measure of liver fibrosis and the influence of confounding histological factors (2015)
Journal Article

Liver biopsy is the standard test for the assessment of fibrosis in liver tissue of patients with chronic liver disease. Recent studies have used a non‐invasive measure of T1 relaxation time to estimate the degree of fibrosis in a single slice of the... Read More about A study of T1 relaxation time as a measure of liver fibrosis and the influence of confounding histological factors.

Human leukocyte antigen genetic risk factors of drug-induced liver toxicology (2014)
Journal Article

Introduction: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare adverse drug reaction, which impacts significantly on patients. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) risk alleles have been found to be associated with DILI supporting an immunological basis to DILI p... Read More about Human leukocyte antigen genetic risk factors of drug-induced liver toxicology.

A low calorie morning meal prevents the decline of hepatic glycogen stores: a pilot in vivo 13C magnetic resonance study (2014)
Journal Article
Bawden, S., Stephenson, M., Ciampi, E., Hunter, K., Marciani, L., Spiller, R., …Gowland, P. (2014). A low calorie morning meal prevents the decline of hepatic glycogen stores: a pilot in vivo 13C magnetic resonance study. Food and Function, 5(9), 2237-2242. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4fo00050a

Previous studies have reported a meal-induced rise in hepatic glycogen stores from baseline levels following a fast and it is generally assumed that glycogen levels rise steadily following meals throughout the day. However, measurements are normally... Read More about A low calorie morning meal prevents the decline of hepatic glycogen stores: a pilot in vivo 13C magnetic resonance study.

All-cause mortality in people with cirrhosis compared with the general population: a population-based cohort study (2011)
Journal Article
Fleming, K. M., Aithal, G. P., Card, T. R., & West, J. (2012). All-cause mortality in people with cirrhosis compared with the general population: a population-based cohort study. Liver International, 32(1), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02517.x

Background: Mortality due to cirrhosis has tripled over the last 30 years in the UK. However, we lack adequate, contemporary, population-based estimates of the excess mortality patients who are at risk compared with the general population.
Aim: To d... Read More about All-cause mortality in people with cirrhosis compared with the general population: a population-based cohort study.

Efficacy, safety, and predictive factors for a positive yield of EUS-guided Trucut biopsy: a large tertiary referral center experience (2009)
Journal Article
T, T., PV, K., K, R., & G, A. (2009). Efficacy, safety, and predictive factors for a positive yield of EUS-guided Trucut biopsy: a large tertiary referral center experience. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 104(3), 582-591. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2008.97

OBJECTIVES:
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided trucut biopsy (EUS-TCB) technique has the advantage of obtaining tissue for histological examination rather than for cytology alone. However, the diagnostic yield may depend on factors related to both techni... Read More about Efficacy, safety, and predictive factors for a positive yield of EUS-guided Trucut biopsy: a large tertiary referral center experience.

Influence of ursodeoxycholic acid on the mortality and malignancy associated with primary biliary cirrhosis: A population-based cohort study (2007)
Journal Article
Jackson, H., Solaymani-Dodaran, M., Card, T. R., Aithal, G. P., Logan, R., & West, J. (2007). Influence of ursodeoxycholic acid on the mortality and malignancy associated with primary biliary cirrhosis: A population-based cohort study. Hepatology, 46(4), 1131-1137. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21795

There is debate over the mortality and malignancy risk in people with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and whether this risk is reduced by use of ursodeoxycholic acid. To investigate this issue, we identified 930 people with PBC and 9,202 control subj... Read More about Influence of ursodeoxycholic acid on the mortality and malignancy associated with primary biliary cirrhosis: A population-based cohort study.

Fracture Risk in People With Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: A Population-Based Cohort Study (2006)
Journal Article
Solaymani–Dodaran, M., Card, T. R., Aithal, G. P., & West, J. (2006). Fracture Risk in People With Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Gastroenterology, 131(6), 1752-1757. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2006.09.012

Background & Aims: Controversy exists as to whether people with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) have an increased risk of developing osteoporosis and the extent to which this may translate into an increased risk of fracture. We have performed a coh... Read More about Fracture Risk in People With Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: A Population-Based Cohort Study.