Diagnostic accuracy of elastography and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

M�zes, Ferenc Emil; Levick, Christina Kim; Vali, Yasaman; Palaniyappan, Naaventhan; Liu, Chang-Hai; Zafarmand, Mohammad Hadi; Young, Liam Arnold Joseph; Selvaraj, Emmanuel Anandraj; Jayaswal, Arjun Narayan Ajmer; Lee, Jenny A.; Aithal, Guruprasad Padur; Romero-G�mez, Manuel; Brosnan, M. Julia; Tuthill, Theresa A.; Anstee, Quentin M.; Neubauer, Stefan; Harrison, Stephen A.; Bossuyt, Patrick M.; Pavlides, Michael

Abstract

Background and Aims: Vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), point shear wave elastography (pSWE), two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2DSWE), magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are proposed as non-invasive tests for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study evaluated their diagnostic accuracy for liver fibrosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
Methods: PubMED/MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies examining the diagnostic accuracy of these index tests against histology as the reference standard, in adult patients with NAFLD. Two authors independently screened and assessed methodological quality of studies and extracted data. Summary estimates of sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (sAUC) were calculated for fibrosis stages and NASH, using a random effects bivariate logit-normal model.
Results: We included 82 studies (14,609 patients). Meta-analysis for diagnosing fibrosis stages was possible in 53 VCTE, 11 MRE, 12 pSWE and four 2DSWE studies, and for diagnosing NASH in four MRE studies. sAUC for diagnosis of significant fibrosis were: 0.83 for VCTE, 0.91 for MRE, 0.86 for pSWE and 0.75 for 2DSWE. sAUC for diagnosis of advanced fibrosis were: 0.85 for VCTE, 0.92 for MRE, 0.89 for pSWE and 0.72 for 2DSWE. sAUC for diagnosis of cirrhosis were: 0.89 for VCTE, 0.90 for MRE, 0.90 for pSWE and 0.88 for 2DSWE. MRE had sAUC of 0.83 for diagnosis of NASH. Three (4%) studies reported intention-to-diagnose analyses and 15 (18%) studies reported diagnostic accuracy against pre-specified cut-offs.
Conclusions: When elastography index tests are acquired successfully, they have acceptable diagnostic accuracy for advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. The potential clinical impact of these index tests cannot be assessed fully as intention-to-diagnose analyses and validation of pre-specified thresholds are lacking.
Lay summary:
Non-invasive tests that measure liver stiffness or use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been suggested as alternatives to liver biopsy in assessing the severity of liver scarring (fibrosis) and fatty inflammation (steatohepatitis) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we summarise the results of previously published studies on how accurately these non-invasive tests can diagnose liver fibrosis and inflammation, using liver biopsy as the reference. We found that some techniques that measure liver stiffness had a good performance for the diagnosis of severe liver scarring.

Citation

Mózes, F. E., Levick, C. K., Vali, Y., Palaniyappan, N., Liu, C.-H., Zafarmand, M. H., …Pavlides, M. (2021). Diagnostic accuracy of elastography and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Hepatology, 75(4), 770-785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2021.04.044

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Apr 26, 2021
• Online Publication Date: May 12, 2021
• Publication Date: Oct 1, 2021
• Deposit Date: Apr 27, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: May 13, 2022
• Journal: Journal of Hepatology
• Print ISSN: 0168-8278
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 75
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 770-785
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2021.04.044
• Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, Biomarkers, Liver fibrosis, Transient elastography, Shear wave elastography, Magnetic resonance elastography, Magnetic resonance imaging, Iron-corrected T1, Diffusion weighted imaging, deMI
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/5497918
• Publisher URL: https://www.journal-of-hepatology.eu/article/S0168-8278(21)00309-3/fulltext