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A randomised crossover trial of tezacaftor-ivacaftor for gut dysfunction in cystic fibrosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes: a pilot study (2024)
Journal Article
Ng, C., Dellschaft, N. S., Hoad, C., Marciani, L., Spiller, R., Crooks, C., …Smyth, A. R. (2024). A randomised crossover trial of tezacaftor-ivacaftor for gut dysfunction in cystic fibrosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes: a pilot study. NIHR Open Research, 3, Article 65. https://doi.org/10.3310/nihropenres.13510.2

Background People with cystic fibrosis (CF) can experience recurrent chest infections, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and gastrointestinal symptoms. New cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator drugs improve lung funct... Read More about A randomised crossover trial of tezacaftor-ivacaftor for gut dysfunction in cystic fibrosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes: a pilot study.

The impact of heat treatment of bovine milk on gastric emptying and nutrient appearance in peripheral circulation in healthy females: a randomized controlled trial comparing pasteurized and ultra-high temperature milk (2024)
Journal Article
Milan, A. M., Barnett, M. P., McNabb, W. C., Roy, N. C., Coutinho, S., Hoad, C. L., …Mithen, R. F. (in press). The impact of heat treatment of bovine milk on gastric emptying and nutrient appearance in peripheral circulation in healthy females: a randomized controlled trial comparing pasteurized and ultra-high temperature milk. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.03.002

Background: Heat treatments of dairy, including pasteurization and ultra-high temperature (UHT) processing, alter milk macromolecular structures, and ultimately affect digestion. In vitro, animal, and human studies show faster nutrient release or cir... Read More about The impact of heat treatment of bovine milk on gastric emptying and nutrient appearance in peripheral circulation in healthy females: a randomized controlled trial comparing pasteurized and ultra-high temperature milk.

Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Visualization of Oral Dosage Forms in the Human Stomach: A Scoping Review (2024)
Journal Article
Akbar, T., Gershkovich, P., Stamatopoulos, K., Gowland, P. A., Stolnik, S., Butler, J., & Marciani, L. (2024). Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Visualization of Oral Dosage Forms in the Human Stomach: A Scoping Review. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 21(4), 1553-1562. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01123

Oral dosage forms are the most widely and frequently used formulations to deliver active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), due to their ease of administration and noninvasiveness. Knowledge of intragastric release rates and gastric mixing is crucial... Read More about Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Visualization of Oral Dosage Forms in the Human Stomach: A Scoping Review.

Mechanisms underlying the laxative effect of lactulose: A randomized placebo‐controlled trial showing increased small bowel water and motility unaltered by the 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron (2024)
Journal Article
Gunn, D., Yeldho, C., Hoad, C., Menys, A., Gowland, P., Marciani, L., & Spiller, R. (in press). Mechanisms underlying the laxative effect of lactulose: A randomized placebo‐controlled trial showing increased small bowel water and motility unaltered by the 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14754

Background: Lactulose is a laxative which accelerates transit and softens stool. Our aim was to investigate its mechanism of action and use this model of diarrhea to investigate the anti-diarrheal actions of ondansetron. Methods: A double-blind, ra... Read More about Mechanisms underlying the laxative effect of lactulose: A randomized placebo‐controlled trial showing increased small bowel water and motility unaltered by the 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron.

Colon length in pediatric health and constipation measured using magnetic resonance imaging and three dimensional skeletonization (2024)
Journal Article
Sharif, H., Hoad, C. L., Abrehart, N., Gowland, P. A., Spiller, R. C., Kirkham, S., …Marciani, L. (2024). Colon length in pediatric health and constipation measured using magnetic resonance imaging and three dimensional skeletonization. PLoS ONE, 19(1), Article e0296311. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296311

Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies showed that colonic volumes in children are different between health and functional constipation. The length of the colon has however been rarely measured and principally using unphysiological colon pre... Read More about Colon length in pediatric health and constipation measured using magnetic resonance imaging and three dimensional skeletonization.

A randomised crossover trial of tezacaftor-ivacaftor for gut dysfunction in cystic fibrosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes. (2023)
Journal Article
Ng, C., Dellschaft, N. S., Hoad, C., Marciani, L., Spiller, R., Crooks, C., …Smyth, A. R. (2023). A randomised crossover trial of tezacaftor-ivacaftor for gut dysfunction in cystic fibrosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes. NIHR Open Research, 3(65), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3310/nihropenres.13510.1

Background People with cystic fibrosis (CF) can experience recurrent chest infections, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and gastrointestinal symptoms. New cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator drugs improve lung fun... Read More about A randomised crossover trial of tezacaftor-ivacaftor for gut dysfunction in cystic fibrosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes..

In vivo observation of a stomach road or ‘Magenstrasse’ for gastric emptying using MRI imaging in healthy humans (2023)
Journal Article
Almutairi, F., Alyami, J., Pritchard, S., Alsharef, W., Spiller, R. C., Gowland, P. A., …Hoad, C. L. (2023). In vivo observation of a stomach road or ‘Magenstrasse’ for gastric emptying using MRI imaging in healthy humans. Clinical Nutrition Open Science, 51, 35-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutos.2023.08.002

The presence of a ‘magenstrasse’, a central ‘stomach road’ for flow and mixing of foods and drinks in the stomach had been predicted from hydrodynamic modelling. Here a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tagging technique was used to gain novel insight... Read More about In vivo observation of a stomach road or ‘Magenstrasse’ for gastric emptying using MRI imaging in healthy humans.

Stochastic Differential Equation-based Mixed Effects Model of the Fluid Volume in the Fasted Stomach in Healthy Adult Human (2023)
Journal Article
Wang, K., Marciani, L., Amidon, G. L., Smith, D. E., & Sun, D. (2023). Stochastic Differential Equation-based Mixed Effects Model of the Fluid Volume in the Fasted Stomach in Healthy Adult Human. AAPS Journal, 25(5), https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-023-00840-3

The rate and extent of drug dissolution and absorption from a solid oral dosage form depend largely on the fluid volume along the gastrointestinal tract. Hence, a model built upon the gastric fluid volume profiles can help to predict drug dissolution... Read More about Stochastic Differential Equation-based Mixed Effects Model of the Fluid Volume in the Fasted Stomach in Healthy Adult Human.

MRI tagging of colonic chyme mixing in healthy subjects: Inter‐observer variability and reliability of the measurement with time (2023)
Journal Article
Alshammari, M. T., Alyami, A. S., Wilkinson-Smith, V., Spiller, R. C., Gowland, P., Marciani, L., …Hoad, C. L. (2023). MRI tagging of colonic chyme mixing in healthy subjects: Inter‐observer variability and reliability of the measurement with time. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 35(8), Article e14610. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14610

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tagging techniques have been applied to the GI tract to assess bowel contractions and content mixing. We aimed to evaluate the dependence of a tagging measurement (for assessing chyme mixing) on inter-obse... Read More about MRI tagging of colonic chyme mixing in healthy subjects: Inter‐observer variability and reliability of the measurement with time.

A comparative, randomised MRI study of the physiological and appetitive responses to gelling (alginate) and non-gelling nasogastric tube feeds in healthy men (2023)
Journal Article
Aliyu, A. I., Nixon, A., Hoad, C., Marciani, L., Corsetti, M., Aithal, G. P., …Taylor, M. A. (2023). A comparative, randomised MRI study of the physiological and appetitive responses to gelling (alginate) and non-gelling nasogastric tube feeds in healthy men. British Journal of Nutrition, 130(8), 1316-1328. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114523000302

AbstractInclusion in nasogastric tube feeds (NGTF) of acid-sensitive, seaweed-derived alginate, expected to form a reversible gel in the stomach, may create a more normal intragastric state and modified gastrointestinal responses. This may ameliorate... Read More about A comparative, randomised MRI study of the physiological and appetitive responses to gelling (alginate) and non-gelling nasogastric tube feeds in healthy men.

Correction: Schütt et al. Simulating the Hydrodynamic Conditions of the Human Ascending Colon: A Digital Twin of the Dynamic Colon Model. (Pharmaceutics (2022), (14), (184)) (2022)
Journal Article
Schütt, M., O’Farrell, C., Stamatopoulos, K., Hoad, C. L., Marciani, L., Sulaiman, S., …Alexiadis, A. (2022). Correction: Schütt et al. Simulating the Hydrodynamic Conditions of the Human Ascending Colon: A Digital Twin of the Dynamic Colon Model. (Pharmaceutics (2022), (14), (184)). Pharmaceutics, 14(7), Article 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14071402

In the original publication [1], there was a mistake in Figure 6 when published. The experimental data points in the upper diagram were missing. The corrected Figure 6 appears below.

Imaging in inflammatory bowel disease: current and future perspectives (2022)
Journal Article
Shaban, N., Hoad, C. L., Naim, I., Alshammari, M., Radford, S. J., Clarke, C., …Moran, G. (2022). Imaging in inflammatory bowel disease: current and future perspectives. Frontline Gastroenterology, 13(e1), E28-E34. https://doi.org/10.1136/flgastro-2022-102117

The use of cross-sectional imaging and ultrasonography has long complemented endoscopic assessment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Clinical symptoms alone are often not enough to assess disease activity, so a reliance on non-invasive techniques... Read More about Imaging in inflammatory bowel disease: current and future perspectives.

Application of in vivo imaging techniques and diagnostic tools in oral drug delivery research (2022)
Journal Article
Senekowitsch, S., Schick, P., Abrahamsson, B., Augustijns, P., Gießmann, T., Lennernäs, H., …Koziolek, M. (2022). Application of in vivo imaging techniques and diagnostic tools in oral drug delivery research. Pharmaceutics, 14(4), Article 801. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040801

Drug absorption following oral administration is determined by complex and dynamic interactions between gastrointestinal (GI) physiology, the drug, and its formulation. Since many of these interactions are not fully understood, the COST action on “Un... Read More about Application of in vivo imaging techniques and diagnostic tools in oral drug delivery research.

Pilot Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Trial: Effects of Jejunal Nutrition on Postprandial Distress in Diabetic Gastropathy (J4G Trial) (2022)
Journal Article
Carneiro, L., White, J., Parker, H., Hoad, C., Tucker, E., Marciani, L., …Fox, M. (2022). Pilot Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Trial: Effects of Jejunal Nutrition on Postprandial Distress in Diabetic Gastropathy (J4G Trial). Nutrients, 14(7), Article 1321. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071321

Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain in diabetic patients are often attributed to diabetic gastropathy (DG). Post-pyloric (“jejunal”) enteral nutrition (JN) may improve nutrition and glycaemia in difficult cases. The acute effects of JN on postprandia... Read More about Pilot Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Trial: Effects of Jejunal Nutrition on Postprandial Distress in Diabetic Gastropathy (J4G Trial).

Application of In Vivo MRI Imaging to Track a Coated Capsule and Its Disintegration in the Gastrointestinal Tract in Human Volunteers (2022)
Journal Article
Sulaiman, S., Gershkovich, P., Hoad, C. L., Calladine, M., Spiller, R. C., Stolnik, S., & Marciani, L. (2022). Application of In Vivo MRI Imaging to Track a Coated Capsule and Its Disintegration in the Gastrointestinal Tract in Human Volunteers. Pharmaceutics, 14(2), Article 270. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020270

Oral specially coated formulations have the potential to improve treatment outcomes of a range of diseases in distal intestinal tract whilst limiting systemic drug absorption and adverse effects. Their development is challenging, partly because of li... Read More about Application of In Vivo MRI Imaging to Track a Coated Capsule and Its Disintegration in the Gastrointestinal Tract in Human Volunteers.

Simulating the Hydrodynamic Conditions of the Human Ascending Colon: A Digital Twin of the Dynamic Colon Model (2022)
Journal Article
Schütt, M., O’Farrell, C., Stamatopoulos, K., Hoad, C. L., Marciani, L., Sulaiman, S., …Alexiadis, A. (2022). Simulating the Hydrodynamic Conditions of the Human Ascending Colon: A Digital Twin of the Dynamic Colon Model. Pharmaceutics, 14(1), Article 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14010184

The performance of solid oral dosage forms targeting the colon is typically evaluated using standardised pharmacopeial dissolution apparatuses. However, these fail to replicate colonic hydrodynamics. This study develops a digital twin of the Dynamic... Read More about Simulating the Hydrodynamic Conditions of the Human Ascending Colon: A Digital Twin of the Dynamic Colon Model.

Medical device development for children and young people—reviewing the challenges and opportunities (2021)
Journal Article
Dimitri, P., Pignataro, V., Lupo, M., Bonifazi, D., Henke, M., Musazzi, U. M., …Lopedota, A. (2021). Medical device development for children and young people—reviewing the challenges and opportunities. Pharmaceutics, 13(12), Article 2178. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122178

Development of specific medical devices (MDs) is required to meet the healthcare needs of children and young people (CYP). In this context, MD development should address changes in growth and psychosocial maturation, physiology, and pathophysiology,... Read More about Medical device development for children and young people—reviewing the challenges and opportunities.

Small bowel water content assessed by MRI in health and disease: a collation of single-centre studies (2021)
Journal Article
Dellschaft, N., Hoad, C., Marciani, L., Gowland, P., & Spiller, R. (2022). Small bowel water content assessed by MRI in health and disease: a collation of single-centre studies. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 55(3), 327-338. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16673

Background: New developments in MRI have allowed the non-invasive, accurate measurement of the small bowel water content (SBWC). Aims: To collate studies measuring SBWC following ingestion of a range of foods in both health and disease to provide dat... Read More about Small bowel water content assessed by MRI in health and disease: a collation of single-centre studies.

Size and Number of Food Boluses in the Stomach after Eating Different Meals: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Insights in Healthy Humans (2021)
Journal Article
Hornby, H., Collado-González, M., Zhang, X., Abrehart, N., Alshammari, M., Bakalis, S., …Marciani, L. (2021). Size and Number of Food Boluses in the Stomach after Eating Different Meals: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Insights in Healthy Humans. Nutrients, 13(10), Article 3626. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103626

Oral processing of food results in the formation of food boluses, which are then swallowed and reach the stomach for further digestion. The number, size and surface properties of the boluses will affect their processing and emptying from the stomach.... Read More about Size and Number of Food Boluses in the Stomach after Eating Different Meals: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Insights in Healthy Humans.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Non-Invasive Imaging for Detection of Colonic Inflammation in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2021)
Journal Article
Alshammari, M. T., Stevenson, R., Abdul-Aema, B., Zou, G., Jairath, V., Radford, S., …Moran, G. W. (2021). Diagnostic Accuracy of Non-Invasive Imaging for Detection of Colonic Inflammation in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics, 11(10), Article 1926. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101926

Endoscopy is the gold standard for objective assessment of colonic disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Non-invasive colonic imaging using bowel ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may have... Read More about Diagnostic Accuracy of Non-Invasive Imaging for Detection of Colonic Inflammation in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Luminal fluid motion inside an in vitro dissolution model of the human ascending colon assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (2021)
Journal Article
O’Farrell, C., Hoad, C. L., Stamatopoulos, K., Marciani, L., Sulaiman, S., Simmons, M. J. H., & Batchelor, H. K. (2021). Luminal fluid motion inside an in vitro dissolution model of the human ascending colon assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. Pharmaceutics, 13(10), Article 1545. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101545

Knowledge of luminal flow inside the human colon remains elusive, despite its importance for the design of new colon-targeted drug delivery systems and physiologically relevant in silico models of dissolution mechanics within the colon. This study us... Read More about Luminal fluid motion inside an in vitro dissolution model of the human ascending colon assessed using magnetic resonance imaging.

Assessing lymphatic uptake of lipids using magnetic resonance imaging: A feasibility study in healthy human volunteers with potential application for tracking lymph node delivery of drugs and formulation excipients (2021)
Journal Article
Jewell, A., Williams, H., Hoad, C. L., Gellert, P. R., Ashford, M. B., Butler, J., …Gershkovich, P. (2021). Assessing lymphatic uptake of lipids using magnetic resonance imaging: A feasibility study in healthy human volunteers with potential application for tracking lymph node delivery of drugs and formulation excipients. Pharmaceutics, 13(9), Article 1343. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091343

Dietary lipids and some pharmaceutical lipid excipients can facilitate the targeted delivery of drugs to the intestinal lymphatics. Here, the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for imaging lipid uptake into the intestinal lymphatics was... Read More about Assessing lymphatic uptake of lipids using magnetic resonance imaging: A feasibility study in healthy human volunteers with potential application for tracking lymph node delivery of drugs and formulation excipients.

Psyllium reduces insulin-induced colonic gas production in irritable bowel syndrome: MRI and in vitro fermentation studies (2021)
Journal Article
Gunn, D., Abbas, Z., Harris, H., Major, G., Hoad, C., Gowland, P., …Spiller, R. (2022). Psyllium reduces insulin-induced colonic gas production in irritable bowel syndrome: MRI and in vitro fermentation studies. Gut, 71(5), 919-927. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324784

Objective: Health promoting dietary fibre including inulin often triggers gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), limiting their intake. Our aim was to test if co-administering psyllium with inulin would reduce gas... Read More about Psyllium reduces insulin-induced colonic gas production in irritable bowel syndrome: MRI and in vitro fermentation studies.

Effect of intake of food hydrocolloids of bacterial origin on the glycemic response in humans: Systematic review and narrative synthesis (2021)
Journal Article
Alshammari, N. A., Taylor, M. A., Stevenson, R., Gouseti, O., Alyami, J., Muttakin, S., …Marciani, L. (2021). Effect of intake of food hydrocolloids of bacterial origin on the glycemic response in humans: Systematic review and narrative synthesis. Nutrients, 13(7), Article 2407. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072407

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by increased blood glucose levels from dysfunctional carbohydrate metabolism. Dietary intervention can help to prevent and manage the disease. Food hydrocolloids have been shown to have favorable... Read More about Effect of intake of food hydrocolloids of bacterial origin on the glycemic response in humans: Systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Postprandial changes in gastrointestinal function and transit in cystic fibrosis assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2021)
Journal Article
Ng, C., Dellschaft, N. S., Hoad, C. L., Marciani, L., Ban, L., Prayle, A. P., …Smyth, A. R. (2021). Postprandial changes in gastrointestinal function and transit in cystic fibrosis assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 20(4), 591-597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2020.06.004

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-system genetic disorder affecting >72,000 people worldwide. Most CF patients experience gastrointestinal symptoms and can develop complications. However, the mechanisms of CF gut disease are not well unders... Read More about Postprandial changes in gastrointestinal function and transit in cystic fibrosis assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Colonic Volume Changes in Paediatric Constipation Compared to Normal Values Measured Using MRI (2021)
Journal Article
Sharif, H., Hoad, C. L., Abrehart, N., Gowland, P. A., Spiller, R. C., Kirkham, S., …Marciani, L. (2021). Colonic Volume Changes in Paediatric Constipation Compared to Normal Values Measured Using MRI. Diagnostics, 11(6), Article 974. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11060974

Background: Functional constipation in children is common. Management of this condition can be challenging and is often based on symptom reports. Increased, objective knowledge of colonic volume changes in constipation compared to health could provid... Read More about Colonic Volume Changes in Paediatric Constipation Compared to Normal Values Measured Using MRI.

“A little (PPI) MAGIC can take you a long way” : involving children and young people in research from inception of a novel medical device to multi-centre clinical trial Roald Dahl, James and the Giant Peach (1961) (2021)
Journal Article
Abrehart, N., Frost, K., YPAG, Y. P. A. G., Harris, R., Wragg, A., Stewart, D., …Marciani, L. (2021). “A little (PPI) MAGIC can take you a long way” : involving children and young people in research from inception of a novel medical device to multi-centre clinical trial Roald Dahl, James and the Giant Peach (1961). Research Involvement and Engagement, 7, Article 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40900-020-00243-0

Background: There is often a great urgency to be inclusive when conducting research and to focus efforts with groups and communities that can be referred to as marginalised. This is especially the case in research concerning medical devices aimed a... Read More about “A little (PPI) MAGIC can take you a long way” : involving children and young people in research from inception of a novel medical device to multi-centre clinical trial Roald Dahl, James and the Giant Peach (1961).

MR Measures of Small Bowel Wall T2 Are Associated With Increased Permeability (2020)
Journal Article
Scott, R. A., Williams, H. G., Hoad, C. L., Alyami, A., Ortori, C. A., Grove, J. I., …Gowland, P. A. (2021). MR Measures of Small Bowel Wall T2 Are Associated With Increased Permeability. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 53(5), 1422-1431. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.27463

Background: Increased small bowel permeability leads to bacterial translocation, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Biomarkers are needed to evaluate these changes in vivo, stratify an individual's risk, and evaluate the efficacy of... Read More about MR Measures of Small Bowel Wall T2 Are Associated With Increased Permeability.

Measurement of fasted state gastric antral motility before and after a standard bioavailability and bioequivalence 240 mL drink of water: Validation of MRI method against concomitant perfused manometry in healthy participants (2020)
Journal Article
Heissam, K., Abrehart, N., Hoad, C. L., Wright, J., Menys, A., Murray, K., …Marciani, L. (2020). Measurement of fasted state gastric antral motility before and after a standard bioavailability and bioequivalence 240 mL drink of water: Validation of MRI method against concomitant perfused manometry in healthy participants. PLoS ONE, 15(11), e0241441. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241441

Objective The gastrointestinal environment in which drug products need to disintegrate before the drug can dissolve and be absorbed has not been studied in detail due to limitations, especially invasiveness of existing techniques. Minimal in vivo dat... Read More about Measurement of fasted state gastric antral motility before and after a standard bioavailability and bioequivalence 240 mL drink of water: Validation of MRI method against concomitant perfused manometry in healthy participants.

Feasibility Study of a New MRI Mini-Capsule Device to Measure Whole Gut Transit Time in Pediatric Constipation (2020)
Journal Article
Sharif, H., Abrehart, N., Hoad, C., Murray, K., Perkins, A., Smith, M., …Marciani, L. (2020). Feasibility Study of a New MRI Mini-Capsule Device to Measure Whole Gut Transit Time in Pediatric Constipation. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 71(5), 604-611. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000002910

Objective: In England, 27,500 children are referred annually to hospital with constipation. An objective measure of whole gut transit time (WGTT) could aid management. The current standard WGTT assessment, the X-ray radiopaque marker (ROM) test, give... Read More about Feasibility Study of a New MRI Mini-Capsule Device to Measure Whole Gut Transit Time in Pediatric Constipation.

Processing Apples to Puree or Juice Speeds Gastric Emptying and Reduces Postprandial Intestinal Volumes and Satiety in Healthy Adults (2020)
Journal Article
Krishnasamy, S., Lomer, M. C. E., Marciani, L., Hoad, C. L., Pritchard, S. E., Paul, J., …Spiller, R. C. (2020). Processing Apples to Puree or Juice Speeds Gastric Emptying and Reduces Postprandial Intestinal Volumes and Satiety in Healthy Adults. Journal of Nutrition, 150(11), 2890-2899. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa191

Background: Whole apples produce greater satiety than processed apples, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: Our aim was to assess the intragastric processing of apple preparations and the associated small and large bowel conten... Read More about Processing Apples to Puree or Juice Speeds Gastric Emptying and Reduces Postprandial Intestinal Volumes and Satiety in Healthy Adults.

The MRI colonic function test: Reproducibility of the Macrogol stimulus challenge (2020)
Journal Article
Wilkinson-Smith, V., Menys, A., Bradley, C., Corsetti, M., Marciani, L., Atkinson, D., …Hoad, C. (2020). The MRI colonic function test: Reproducibility of the Macrogol stimulus challenge. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 32(11), Article e13942. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13942

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the colonic response to a macrogol challenge drink can be used to assess the mechanisms underlying severe constipation. We measured the intra-subject reproducibility of MRI measures of colonic funct... Read More about The MRI colonic function test: Reproducibility of the Macrogol stimulus challenge.

Dynamic Colon Model (DCM): A Cine-MRI Informed Biorelevant In Vitro Model of the Human Proximal Large Intestine Characterized by Positron Imaging Techniques (2020)
Journal Article
Stamatopoulos, K., Karandikar, S., Goldstein, M., O’Farrell, C., Marciani, L., Sulaiman, S., …Batchelor, H. K. (2020). Dynamic Colon Model (DCM): A Cine-MRI Informed Biorelevant In Vitro Model of the Human Proximal Large Intestine Characterized by Positron Imaging Techniques. Pharmaceutics, 12(7), Article 659. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12070659

This work used in vivo MRI images of human colon wall motion to inform a biorelevant Dynamic Colon Model (DCM) to understand the interplay of wall motion, volume, viscosity, fluid, and particle motion within the colon lumen. Hydrodynamics and particl... Read More about Dynamic Colon Model (DCM): A Cine-MRI Informed Biorelevant In Vitro Model of the Human Proximal Large Intestine Characterized by Positron Imaging Techniques.

Contrasting effects of viscous and particulate fibers on colonic fermentation in vitro and in vivo, and their impact on intestinal water studied by MRI in a randomized trial (2020)
Journal Article
Gunn, D., Murthy, R., Major, G., Wilkinson-Smith, V., Hoad, C., Marciani, L., …Spiller, R. (2020). Contrasting effects of viscous and particulate fibers on colonic fermentation in vitro and in vivo, and their impact on intestinal water studied by MRI in a randomized trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 112(3), 595–602. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa173

Background Wheat bran, nopal, and psyllium are examples of particulate, viscous and particulate, and viscous fibers, respectively, with laxative properties yet contrasting fermentability. Objectives We assessed the fermentability of these fi... Read More about Contrasting effects of viscous and particulate fibers on colonic fermentation in vitro and in vivo, and their impact on intestinal water studied by MRI in a randomized trial.

Simultaneous measurement of gastric emptying of a soup test meal using MRI and gamma scintigraphy (2020)
Journal Article
Khalaf, A., Hoad, C. L., Blackshaw, E., Alyami, J., Spiller, R. C., Gowland, P. A., …Marciani, L. (2020). Simultaneous measurement of gastric emptying of a soup test meal using MRI and gamma scintigraphy. Diagnostics, 10(3), Article 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10030170

Measurement of gastric emptying is of clinical value for a range of conditions. Gamma scintigraphy (GS) has an established role, but the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently increased. Previous comparison studies between MRI and GS sh... Read More about Simultaneous measurement of gastric emptying of a soup test meal using MRI and gamma scintigraphy.

A Population-based PBPK Model for the Prediction of Time-Variant Bile Salt Disposition within GI Luminal Fluids (2020)
Journal Article
Stamatopoulos, K., Pathak, S., Marciani, L., & Turner, D. (2020). A Population-based PBPK Model for the Prediction of Time-Variant Bile Salt Disposition within GI Luminal Fluids. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 17(4), 1310-1323. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00019

In vivo studies have shown cyclic bile salt (BS) outputs during fasting whereas higher amounts have been observed in fed states. This leads to fluctuations of intestinal BS concentrations ([BS]) that can affect the rate and extent of absorption of li... Read More about A Population-based PBPK Model for the Prediction of Time-Variant Bile Salt Disposition within GI Luminal Fluids.

A simple and efficient method for polymer coating of iron oxide nanoparticles (2019)
Journal Article
Abushrida, A., Elhuni, I., Taresco, V., Marciani, L., Stolnik, S., & Garnett, M. C. (2020). A simple and efficient method for polymer coating of iron oxide nanoparticles. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101460

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) have many possible uses including as MRI contrast agents, for drug delivery and cell labelling, but need to be stabilised and to be rendered biocompatible through appropriate coatings. Many current coatings are subopti... Read More about A simple and efficient method for polymer coating of iron oxide nanoparticles.

Imaging Measurement of Whole Gut Transit Time in Paediatric and Adult Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis (2019)
Journal Article
Sharif, H., Devadason, D., Abrehart, N., Stevenson, R., & Marciani, L. (2019). Imaging Measurement of Whole Gut Transit Time in Paediatric and Adult Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis. Diagnostics, 9(4), https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9040221

Background: functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are common conditions in children and adults, often associated with abnormalities of whole gut transit. Currently, transit tests can be performed using several imaging methods including trackin... Read More about Imaging Measurement of Whole Gut Transit Time in Paediatric and Adult Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.

Alginate and HM-pectin in sports-drink give rise to intra-gastric gelation in-vivo (2019)
Journal Article
Marciani, L., Lopez-Sanchez, P., Pettersson, S., Hoad, C., Abrehart, N., Ahnoff, M., & Strömf, A. (2019). Alginate and HM-pectin in sports-drink give rise to intra-gastric gelation in-vivo. Food and Function, 10(12), 7892-7899. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9FO01617A

The addition of gelling polysaccharides to sport-drinks may provide improved tolerability of drinks with high concentration of digestible carbohydrates (CHO), otherwise known to increase the risk of gastro-intestinal complaints among athletes under p... Read More about Alginate and HM-pectin in sports-drink give rise to intra-gastric gelation in-vivo.

Gastrointestinal peptides and small bowel hypomotility are possible causes for fasting and postprandial symptoms in active Crohn’s disease (2019)
Journal Article
Khalaf, A., Hoad, C. L., Menys, A., Nowak, A., Radford, S., Taylor, S. A., …Moran, G. W. (2020). Gastrointestinal peptides and small bowel hypomotility are possible causes for fasting and postprandial symptoms in active Crohn’s disease. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 111(1), 131–140. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz240

Background Crohn's disease (CD) patients suffer postprandial aversive symptoms, which can lead to anorexia and malnutrition. Changes in the regulation of gut hormones and gut dysmotility are believed to play a role. Objectives This study aimed t... Read More about Gastrointestinal peptides and small bowel hypomotility are possible causes for fasting and postprandial symptoms in active Crohn’s disease.

Glycemic, Gastrointestinal, Hormonal and Appetitive Responses to Pearl Millet or Oats Porridge Breakfasts: a Randomized, Crossover Trial in Healthy Humans (2019)
Journal Article
Alyami, J., Whitehouse, E., Yakubov, G. E., Pritchard, S. E., Hoad, C. L., Blackshaw, E., …Marciani, L. (2019). Glycemic, Gastrointestinal, Hormonal and Appetitive Responses to Pearl Millet or Oats Porridge Breakfasts: a Randomized, Crossover Trial in Healthy Humans. British Journal of Nutrition, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114519001880

Whole grain cereal breakfast consumption has been associated with beneficial effects on glucose and insulin metabolism as well as satiety. Pearl millet is a popular ancient grain variety that can be grown in hot, dry regions. However, little is known... Read More about Glycemic, Gastrointestinal, Hormonal and Appetitive Responses to Pearl Millet or Oats Porridge Breakfasts: a Randomized, Crossover Trial in Healthy Humans.

Increased fasting small-bowel water content in untreated coeliac disease and scleroderma as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (2019)
Journal Article
Lam, C., Sanders, D., Lanyon, P., Garsed, K., Foley, S., Pritchard, S., …Spiller, R. (2019). Increased fasting small-bowel water content in untreated coeliac disease and scleroderma as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. United European Gastroenterology Journal, 7(10), 1353-1360. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050640619860372

Background and aims: The regular overnight migrating motor complex (MMC) ensures that the normal fasting small bowel water content (SBWC) is minimised. We have applied our recently validated non-invasive magnetic resonance technique to assess SBWC... Read More about Increased fasting small-bowel water content in untreated coeliac disease and scleroderma as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.

A pilot study of visceral fat and its association with adipokines, stool calprotectin and symptoms in patients with diverticulosis (2019)
Journal Article
Murray, K., Hoad, C., Garratt, J., Kaviani, M., Marciani, L., Smith, J., …Spiller, R. (2019). A pilot study of visceral fat and its association with adipokines, stool calprotectin and symptoms in patients with diverticulosis. PLoS ONE, 14(5), Article e0216528. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216528

Background Complications of diverticular disease are increasingly common, possibly linked to increasing obesity. Visceral fat could contribute to the development of symptomatic diverticular disease through its pro-inflammatory effects. Objective... Read More about A pilot study of visceral fat and its association with adipokines, stool calprotectin and symptoms in patients with diverticulosis.

Intraluminal impact of food: New insights from MRI (2019)
Journal Article
Marciani, L., & Spiller, R. (2019). Intraluminal impact of food: New insights from MRI. Nutrients, 11(5), Article 1147. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051147

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Understanding how the gut responds to food has always been limited by the available investigatory techniques. Previous methods involving intubation and aspiration are largely limited to liquid... Read More about Intraluminal impact of food: New insights from MRI.

The mechanisms of pharmacokinetic food-drug interactions: A perspective from the UNGAP group (2019)
Journal Article
Koziolek, M., Alcaro, S., Augustijns, P., Basit, A. W., Grimm, M., Hens, B., …Corsetti, M. (2019). The mechanisms of pharmacokinetic food-drug interactions: A perspective from the UNGAP group. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 134, 31-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2019.04.003

The simultaneous intake of food and drugs can have a strong impact on drug release, absorption, distribution, metabolism and/or elimination and consequently, on the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy. As such, food-drug interactions are one of th... Read More about The mechanisms of pharmacokinetic food-drug interactions: A perspective from the UNGAP group.

MRI of the colon in the pharmaceutical field: the future before us (2019)
Journal Article
Sulaiman, S., & Marciani, L. (2019). MRI of the colon in the pharmaceutical field: the future before us. Pharmaceutics, 11(4), Article 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11040146

Oral solid drug formulation is the most common route for administration and it is vital to increase knowledge of the gastrointestinal physiological environment to understand dissolution and absorption processes and to develop reliable biorelevant in... Read More about MRI of the colon in the pharmaceutical field: the future before us.

Spatio-Temporal Motility MRI (STMM) analysis of the stomach and colon (2019)
Journal Article
Menys, A., Hoad, C., Spiller, R., Scott, M., Atkinson, D., Marciani, L., & Taylor, S. (2019). Spatio-Temporal Motility MRI (STMM) analysis of the stomach and colon. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 31(5), https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13557

Background: MRI is increasingly used to objectively assess gastrointestinal motility. However, motility metrics often do no not offer insights into the nature of contractile action. This study introduces a systematic method of making spatiotemporal... Read More about Spatio-Temporal Motility MRI (STMM) analysis of the stomach and colon.

Spatio-Temporal Motility MRI analysis of the stomach and colon (2019)
Journal Article
Menys, A., Hoad, C., Spiller, R., Scott, M., Atkinson, D., Marciani, L., & Taylor, S. (2019). Spatio-Temporal Motility MRI analysis of the stomach and colon. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 31(5), Article e13557. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13557

Background: MRI is increasingly used to objectively assess gastrointestinal motility. However, motility metrics often do no not offer insights into the nature of contractile action. This study introduces a systematic method of making spatiotemporal m... Read More about Spatio-Temporal Motility MRI analysis of the stomach and colon.

Mechanisms underlying effects of kiwifruit on intestinal function shown by MRI in healthy volunteers (2019)
Journal Article
Wilkinson-Smith, V., Dellschaft, N., Ansell, J., Hoad, C., Marciani, L., Gowland, P., & Spiller, R. (2019). Mechanisms underlying effects of kiwifruit on intestinal function shown by MRI in healthy volunteers. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 49(6), 759-768. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15127

Background: Chronic constipation affects approximately 17% of the population worldwide and remains an important unmet need since patients are often dissatisfied with treatment. Kiwifruit may offer an alternative to traditional laxatives and have been... Read More about Mechanisms underlying effects of kiwifruit on intestinal function shown by MRI in healthy volunteers.

Will MRI of gastrointestinal function parallel the clinical success of cine cardiac MRI? (2018)
Journal Article
Hoad, C., Clarke, C., Marciani, L., Graves, M. J., & Corsetti, M. (2018). Will MRI of gastrointestinal function parallel the clinical success of cine cardiac MRI?. British Journal of Radiology, 92(1093), https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20180433

Cine cardiac MRI is generally accepted as the “gold-standard” for functional myocardial assessment. It only took a few years after the development of commercial MRI systems for functional cardiac imaging to be developed, with electrocardiogram (ECG)-... Read More about Will MRI of gastrointestinal function parallel the clinical success of cine cardiac MRI?.

Cine MRI assessment of motility in the unprepared small bowel in the fasting and fed state: beyond the breath-hold (2018)
Journal Article
Hoad, C., Marciani, L., Spiller, R., Gowland, P., & Moran, G. (2019). Cine MRI assessment of motility in the unprepared small bowel in the fasting and fed state: beyond the breath-hold. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 31(1), e13466. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13466

Background The symptoms of functional bowel disorders are common in postprandial but investigations are generally undertaken in the fasted state using invasive procedures. MRI provides a noninvasive tool to study the gastrointestinal tract in an u... Read More about Cine MRI assessment of motility in the unprepared small bowel in the fasting and fed state: beyond the breath-hold.

Gastric motor and sensory function in health assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: Establishment of reference intervals for the Nottingham test meal in healthy subjects (2018)
Journal Article
Parker, H., Hoad, C. L., Tucker, E., Costigan, C., Marciani, L., Gowland, P., & Fox, M. (2018). Gastric motor and sensory function in health assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: Establishment of reference intervals for the Nottingham test meal in healthy subjects. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 30(12), Article e13463. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13463

Background: Current investigations of gastric emptying rarely identify the cause of symptoms or provide a definitive diagnosis in patients with dyspepsia. This study assessed gastric function by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the modular "Not... Read More about Gastric motor and sensory function in health assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: Establishment of reference intervals for the Nottingham test meal in healthy subjects.

Demonstration of differences in colonic volumes, transit, chyme consistency and response to psyllium between healthy and constipated subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (2018)
Journal Article
Major, G., Murray, K., Singh, G., Nowak, A., Hoad, C. L., Marciani, L., …Spiller, R. C. (2018). Demonstration of differences in colonic volumes, transit, chyme consistency and response to psyllium between healthy and constipated subjects using magnetic resonance imaging. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 30(9), Article e13400. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13400

Background: In functional gastrointestinal disorders a lack of objective biomarkers limits evaluation of underlying mechanisms. We aimed to demonstrate the utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for this task using psyllium, an effective constip... Read More about Demonstration of differences in colonic volumes, transit, chyme consistency and response to psyllium between healthy and constipated subjects using magnetic resonance imaging.

A low FODMAP diet is associated with changes in the microbiota and reduction in breath hydrogen but not colonic volume in healthy subjects (2018)
Journal Article
Sloan, T. J., Jalanka, J., Major, G. A. D., Krishnasamy, S., Pritchard, S., Abdelrazig, S., …Spiller, R. C. (2018). A low FODMAP diet is associated with changes in the microbiota and reduction in breath hydrogen but not colonic volume in healthy subjects. PLoS ONE, 13(7), Article e0201410. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201410

Background & aims Ingestion of poorly digested, fermentable carbohydrates (fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols; FODMAPs) have been implicated in exacerbating intestinal symptoms and the reduction of intake with symptom alleviatio... Read More about A low FODMAP diet is associated with changes in the microbiota and reduction in breath hydrogen but not colonic volume in healthy subjects.

Systematic review of the evidence for sustained efficacy of dietary interventions for reducing appetite or energy intake (2018)
Journal Article
Halford, J. C., Masic, U., Marseaux, C. F., Jones, A. J., Lluch, A., Marciani, L., …Mela, D. J. (2018). Systematic review of the evidence for sustained efficacy of dietary interventions for reducing appetite or energy intake. Obesity Reviews, 19(10), 1329-1339. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12712

We assessed evidence for changes in efficacy of food-based interventions aimed at reducing appetite or energy intake (EI), and whether this could be used to provide guidance on trial design. A systematic search identified randomized controlled tria... Read More about Systematic review of the evidence for sustained efficacy of dietary interventions for reducing appetite or energy intake.

Formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) testing to advance oral drug product development: an introduction to the US FDA funded ‘21st Century BA/BE’ project (2018)
Journal Article
Hens, B., Sinko, P., Job, N., Dean, M., Al-Gousous, J., Salehi, N., …Amidon, G. L. (2018). Formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) testing to advance oral drug product development: an introduction to the US FDA funded ‘21st Century BA/BE’ project. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 548(1), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.050

Over the past decade, formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) testing has gained increasing attention. Another mindset is pushed forward where scientists in our field are more confident to explore the in vivo behavior of an oral drug product by perf... Read More about Formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) testing to advance oral drug product development: an introduction to the US FDA funded ‘21st Century BA/BE’ project.

Insights into the different effects of food on intestinal secretion using magnetic resonance imaging (2018)
Journal Article
Wilkinson-Smith, V. C., Major, G., Ashleigh, L., Murray, K., Hoad, C. L., Marciani, L., …Spiller, R. C. (2018). Insights into the different effects of food on intestinal secretion using magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 42(8), 1342-1348. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpen.1157

Background: Plant foods may stimulate intestinal secretion through chemicals designed to deter herbivores, including lactucins in lettuce and rhein in rhubarb. This may increase ileostomy output and induce diarrhoea in people with intact bowels. Obj... Read More about Insights into the different effects of food on intestinal secretion using magnetic resonance imaging.

Cortical differences in diverticular disease and correlation with symptom reports (2018)
Journal Article
Pitiot, A., Smith, J. K., Garratt, J., Francis, S. T., Gowland, P. A., Spiller, R. C., & Marciani, L. (2018). Cortical differences in diverticular disease and correlation with symptom reports. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 30(7), Article e13303. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13303

Background Recent studies have shown that the brain of patients with gastrointestinal disease differ both structurally and functionally from that of controls. Highly somatizing diverticular disease (HSDD) patients were also shown to differ from... Read More about Cortical differences in diverticular disease and correlation with symptom reports.

Glycaemic, gastrointestinal and appetite responses to breakfast porridges from ancient cereal grains: a MRI pilot study in healthy humans (2017)
Journal Article
Alyami, J., Ladd, N., Pritchard, S. E., Hoad, C. L., Abdul Sultan, A., Spiller, R. C., …Taylor, M. A. (2017). Glycaemic, gastrointestinal and appetite responses to breakfast porridges from ancient cereal grains: a MRI pilot study in healthy humans. Food Research International, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.071

Cereal grain based porridges are commonly consumed throughout the world. Whilst some data are available for varieties that are popular in the Western world such as oats and rye, other ‘ancient’ grains used in the East and in Africa such as millets ar... Read More about Glycaemic, gastrointestinal and appetite responses to breakfast porridges from ancient cereal grains: a MRI pilot study in healthy humans.

Mechanistic Fluid Transport Model to Estimate Gastrointestinal Fluid Volume and Its Dynamic Change Over Time (2017)
Journal Article
Yu, A., Jackson, T., Tsume, Y., Koenigsknecht, M., Wysocki, J., Marciani, L., …Sun, D. (2017). Mechanistic Fluid Transport Model to Estimate Gastrointestinal Fluid Volume and Its Dynamic Change Over Time. AAPS Journal, 19(6), 1682-1690. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-017-0145-x

Gastrointestinal (GI) fluid volume and its dynamic change are integral to study drug disintegration, dissolution, transit, and absorption. However, key questions regarding the local volume and its absorption, secretion, and transit remain unanswered.... Read More about Mechanistic Fluid Transport Model to Estimate Gastrointestinal Fluid Volume and Its Dynamic Change Over Time.

MRI assessment of the postprandial gastrointestinal motility and peptide response in healthy humans (2017)
Journal Article
Khalaf, A., Hoad, C., Menys, A., Nowak, A., Taylor, S. A., Paparo, S., …Moran, G. W. (2018). MRI assessment of the postprandial gastrointestinal motility and peptide response in healthy humans. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 30(1), Article e13182. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13182

Background: Feeding triggers inter-related gastrointestinal (GI) motor, peptide and appetite responses. These are rarely studied together due to methodological limitations. Recent MRI advances allow pan-intestinal, non-invasive assessment of motility... Read More about MRI assessment of the postprandial gastrointestinal motility and peptide response in healthy humans.

Magnetic resonance imaging quantification of fasted state colonic liquid pockets in healthy humans (2017)
Journal Article
Murray, K., Hoad, C. L., Mudie, D. M., Wright, J., Heissam, K., Abrehart, N., …Marciani, L. (2017). Magnetic resonance imaging quantification of fasted state colonic liquid pockets in healthy humans. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 14(8), 2629-2638. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00095

The rate and extent of drug dissolution and absorption from solid oral dosage forms is highly dependent on the volume of liquid in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). However, little is known about the time course of GIT liquid volumes after drinking a... Read More about Magnetic resonance imaging quantification of fasted state colonic liquid pockets in healthy humans.

Clinical assessment of gastric emptying and sensory function utilizing gamma scintigraphy: Establishment of reference intervals for the liquid and solid components of the Nottingham test meal in healthy subjects (2017)
Journal Article
Parker, H. L., Tucker, E., Blackshaw, E., Hoad, C., Marciani, L., Perkins, A., …Fox, M. (2017). Clinical assessment of gastric emptying and sensory function utilizing gamma scintigraphy: Establishment of reference intervals for the liquid and solid components of the Nottingham test meal in healthy subjects. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 29(11), e13122. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13122

Background: Current investigations of stomach function are based on small test meals that do not reliably induce symptoms and analysis techniques that rarely detect clinically relevant dysfunction. This study presents the reference intervals of the m... Read More about Clinical assessment of gastric emptying and sensory function utilizing gamma scintigraphy: Establishment of reference intervals for the liquid and solid components of the Nottingham test meal in healthy subjects.

Assessment of motion of colonic contents in the human colon using MRI tagging (2017)
Journal Article
Pritchard, S. E., Paul, J., Major, G., Marciani, L., Gowland, P. A., Spiller, R. C., & Hoad, C. (2017). Assessment of motion of colonic contents in the human colon using MRI tagging. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 29(9), Article e13091. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13091

Background We have previously reported a non-invasive, semi-automated technique to assess motility of the wall of the ascending colon (AC) using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. This study investigated the feasibility of using a tagged MRI technique to vi... Read More about Assessment of motion of colonic contents in the human colon using MRI tagging.

Endotoxemia in peritoneal dialysis patients: a pilot study to examine the role of intestinal perfusion and congestion (2017)
Journal Article
Grant, C., Harrison, L., Hoad, C., Marciani, L., Cox, E., Buchanan, C., …McIntyre, C. (2017). Endotoxemia in peritoneal dialysis patients: a pilot study to examine the role of intestinal perfusion and congestion. Peritoneal Dialysis International, 37(1), 111-115. https://doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2016.00079

Endotoxemia is common in advanced chronic kidney disease and is particularly severe in those receiving dialysis. In hemodialysis patients, translocation from the bowel occurs as a consequence of recurrent circulatory stress leading to a reduction in... Read More about Endotoxemia in peritoneal dialysis patients: a pilot study to examine the role of intestinal perfusion and congestion.

Distinct abnormalities of small bowel and regional colonic volumes in subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome revealed by MRI (2016)
Journal Article
Lam, C., Chaddock, G., Marciani, L., Costigan, C., Cox, E., Hoad, C., …Spiller, R. C. (in press). Distinct abnormalities of small bowel and regional colonic volumes in subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome revealed by MRI. American Journal of Gastroenterology, https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2016.538

OBJECTIVES: Non-invasive biomarkers which identify different mechanisms of disease in subgroups of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) could be valuable. Our aim was to seek useful magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters that could distinguish each IB... Read More about Distinct abnormalities of small bowel and regional colonic volumes in subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome revealed by MRI.

Exploring gastrointestinal variables affecting drug and formulation behavior: methodologies, challenges and opportunities (2016)
Journal Article
Hens, B., Corsetti, M., Spiller, R. C., Marciani, L., Vanuytsel, T., Tack, J., …Augustijns, P. (2017). Exploring gastrointestinal variables affecting drug and formulation behavior: methodologies, challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 519(1-2), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.063

Various gastrointestinal (GI) factors affect drug and formulation behavior after oral administration, including GI transfer, motility, pH and GI fluid volume and composition. An in-depth understanding of these physiological and anatomical variables i... Read More about Exploring gastrointestinal variables affecting drug and formulation behavior: methodologies, challenges and opportunities.

Colon Hypersensitivity to Distension, Rather Than Excessive Gas Production, Produces Carbohydrate-Related Symptoms in Individuals With Irritable Bowel Syndrome (2016)
Journal Article
Major, G., Pritchard, S. E., Murray, K., Alappadan, J. P., Hoad, C., Marciani, L., …Spiller, R. C. (2017). Colon Hypersensitivity to Distension, Rather Than Excessive Gas Production, Produces Carbohydrate-Related Symptoms in Individuals With Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterology, 152(1), 124-133.e2. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.09.062

Background & Aims: Poorly digested, fermentable carbohydrates may induce symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), via unclear mechanisms. We performed a randomized trial with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis to investigate correlations be... Read More about Colon Hypersensitivity to Distension, Rather Than Excessive Gas Production, Produces Carbohydrate-Related Symptoms in Individuals With Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Increased liver fat and glycogen stores after consumption of high versus low glycaemic index food: a randomized crossover study (2016)
Journal Article
Bawden, S., Stephenson, M., Falcone, Y., Lingaya, M., Ciampi, E., Hunter, K., …Aithal, G. P. (2017). Increased liver fat and glycogen stores after consumption of high versus low glycaemic index food: a randomized crossover study. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 19(1), 70-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12784

Aim: To investigate the acute and longer-term effects of low (LGI) versus high glycaemic index (HGI) diets on hepatic fat and glycogen accumulation and related blood measures in healthy volunteers. Methods: Eight healthy men (age 20.1 � 0.4 years,... Read More about Increased liver fat and glycogen stores after consumption of high versus low glycaemic index food: a randomized crossover study.

Prior Consumption of a Fat Meal in Healthy Adults Modulates the Brain's Response to Fat (2016)
Journal Article
Eldeghaidy, S., Marciani, L., Hort, J., Hollowood, T. A., Singh, G., Bush, D., …Francis, S. T. (2016). Prior Consumption of a Fat Meal in Healthy Adults Modulates the Brain's Response to Fat. Journal of Nutrition, 146(11), 2187-2198. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.234104

Background: Consumption of fat is regulated by reward and homeostatic pathways, but no studies have examined the role of the intake of a high fat meal (HFM) on subsequent brain activation to oral stimuli. Objective: We evaluated how prior consumptio... Read More about Prior Consumption of a Fat Meal in Healthy Adults Modulates the Brain's Response to Fat.

Patients with chronic kidney disease have abnormal upper gastro-intestinal tract digestive function: a study of uremic enteropathy: small bowel dysfunction in CKD (2016)
Journal Article
Grant, C. J., Harrison, L. E., Hoad, C. L., Marciani, L., Gowland, P. A., & McIntyre, C. W. (2017). Patients with chronic kidney disease have abnormal upper gastro-intestinal tract digestive function: a study of uremic enteropathy: small bowel dysfunction in CKD. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 32(2), 372-377. doi:10.1111/jgh.13458

Background and Aim: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects gastrointestinal (GI) function and results in numerous adaptive and maladaptive responses. Disruption of the colonic microbiome and its attendant consequences—the loss of gut barrier integrity... Read More about Patients with chronic kidney disease have abnormal upper gastro-intestinal tract digestive function: a study of uremic enteropathy: small bowel dysfunction in CKD.

Corticotrophin releasing factor increases ascending colon volume after a fructose test meal in healthy humans: a randomised control trial (2016)
Journal Article
Murray, K., Lam, C., Rehman, S., Marciani, L., Costigan, C., Hoad, C., …Spiller, R. C. (2016). Corticotrophin releasing factor increases ascending colon volume after a fructose test meal in healthy humans: a randomised control trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 103(5), https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.125047

Background: Poorly absorbed, fermentable carbohydrates can provoke irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms by escaping absorption in the small bowel and being rapidly fermented in the colon in some susceptible subjects. IBS patients are often anxious... Read More about Corticotrophin releasing factor increases ascending colon volume after a fructose test meal in healthy humans: a randomised control trial.

Anticipation of thermal pain in diverticular disease (2016)
Journal Article
Smith, J. K., Marciani, L., Humes, D. J., Francis, S. T., Gowland, P. A., & Spiller, R. C. (2016). Anticipation of thermal pain in diverticular disease. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 28(6), https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12790

Background The relative importance of peripheral nerve injury or differences in central pain processing in painful diverticular disease (DD) is unclear. Functional MRI has demonstrated changes in the anticipation of pain in irritable bowel syndrom... Read More about Anticipation of thermal pain in diverticular disease.

Effects of Bolus and Continuous Nasogastric Feeding on Gastric Emptying, Small Bowel Water Content, Superior Mesenteric Artery Blood Flow, and Plasma Hormone Concentrations in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study (2016)
Journal Article
Chowdhury, A. H., Murray, K., Hoad, C. L., Costigan, C., Marciani, L., MacDonald, I. A., …Lobo, D. N. (2016). Effects of Bolus and Continuous Nasogastric Feeding on Gastric Emptying, Small Bowel Water Content, Superior Mesenteric Artery Blood Flow, and Plasma Hormone Concentrations in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study. Annals of Surgery, 263(3), 450-457. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000001110

Objective: We aimed to demonstrate the effect of continuous or bolus nasogastric feeding on gastric emptying, small bowel water content, and splanchnic blood flow measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the context of changes in plasma gast... Read More about Effects of Bolus and Continuous Nasogastric Feeding on Gastric Emptying, Small Bowel Water Content, Superior Mesenteric Artery Blood Flow, and Plasma Hormone Concentrations in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study.

Colonic response to laxative ingestion as assessed by MRI differs in constipated irritable bowel syndrome compared to functional constipation (2016)
Journal Article
Lam, C., Chaddock, G., Marciani, L., Costigan, C., Paul, J., Cox, E., …Spiller, R. C. (2016). Colonic response to laxative ingestion as assessed by MRI differs in constipated irritable bowel syndrome compared to functional constipation. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 28(6), https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12784

Background Functional constipation (FC) and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) share many symptoms but underlying mechanisms may be different. We have developed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to measure intestinal vol... Read More about Colonic response to laxative ingestion as assessed by MRI differs in constipated irritable bowel syndrome compared to functional constipation.

Development and validation of a large, modular test meal with liquid and solid components for assessment of gastric motor and sensory function by non-invasive imaging (2016)
Journal Article
Parker, H. L., Tucker, E., Hoad, C., Pal, A., Costigan, C., Hudders, N., …Fox, M. R. (2016). Development and validation of a large, modular test meal with liquid and solid components for assessment of gastric motor and sensory function by non-invasive imaging. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 28(4), 554-568. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12752

Background: Current investigations of stomach function are based on small test meals that do not reliably induce symptoms and analysis techniques that rarely detect clinically relevant dysfunction. This study introduces the large ‘Nottingham Test Mea... Read More about Development and validation of a large, modular test meal with liquid and solid components for assessment of gastric motor and sensory function by non-invasive imaging.

Colon wall motility: comparison of novel quantitative semi-automatic measurements using cine MRI (2015)
Journal Article
Hoad, C., Menys, A., Garsed, K., Marciani, L., Hamy, V., Murray, K., …Gowland, P. A. (2016). Colon wall motility: comparison of novel quantitative semi-automatic measurements using cine MRI. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 28(3), 327-335. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12727

Background Recently, cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown promise for visualizing movement of the colonic wall, although assessment of data has been subjective and observer dependent. This study aimed to develop an objective and semi-au... Read More about Colon wall motility: comparison of novel quantitative semi-automatic measurements using cine MRI.

Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of gastrointestinal motor function and fluid distribution (2015)
Journal Article
Khalaf, A., Hoad, C., Spiller, R. C., Gowland, P. A., Moran, G. W., & Marciani, L. (2015). Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of gastrointestinal motor function and fluid distribution. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, 6(4), https://doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.140

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a well established technique that has revolutionized diagnostic radiology. Until recently, the impact that MRI has had in the assessment of gastrointestinal motor function and bowel fluid distribution in health and... Read More about Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of gastrointestinal motor function and fluid distribution.

Fat emulsion intragastric stability and droplet size modulate gastrointestinal responses and subsequent food intake in young adults (2015)
Journal Article
Hussein, M., Hoad, C., Wright, J., Singh, G., Stephenson, M., Cox, E., …Marciani, L. (2015). Fat emulsion intragastric stability and droplet size modulate gastrointestinal responses and subsequent food intake in young adults. Journal of Nutrition, 145(6), 1170-1177. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.204339

Background: Intragastric creaming and droplet size of fat emulsions may affect intragastric behavior and gastrointestinal and satiety responses. Objectives: We tested the hypotheses that gastrointestinal physiologic responses and satiety will be i... Read More about Fat emulsion intragastric stability and droplet size modulate gastrointestinal responses and subsequent food intake in young adults.

A study of T1 relaxation time as a measure of liver fibrosis and the influence of confounding histological factors (2015)
Journal Article
Hoad, C. L., Palaniyappan, N., Kaye, P., Chernova, Y., James, M. W., Costigan, C., …Aithal, G. P. (2015). A study of T1 relaxation time as a measure of liver fibrosis and the influence of confounding histological factors. NMR in Biomedicine, 28(6), 706-714. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.3299

Liver biopsy is the standard test for the assessment of fibrosis in liver tissue of patients with chronic liver disease. Recent studies have used a non‐invasive measure of T1 relaxation time to estimate the degree of fibrosis in a single slice of the... Read More about A study of T1 relaxation time as a measure of liver fibrosis and the influence of confounding histological factors.

Investigating the effects of an oral fructose challenge on hepatic ATP reserves in healthy volunteers: a 31P MRS study (2015)
Journal Article
Bawden, S., Stephenson, M., Ciampi, E., Hunter, K., Marciani, L., MacDonald, I. A., …Gowland, P. A. (in press). Investigating the effects of an oral fructose challenge on hepatic ATP reserves in healthy volunteers: a 31P MRS study. Clinical Nutrition, 35(3), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2015.04.001

Background: Impaired homeostasis of hepatic ATP has been associated with NAFLD. An intravenous fructose infusion has been shown to be an effective challenge to monitor the depletion and subsequent recovery of hepatic ATP reserves using 31P MRS. Aims... Read More about Investigating the effects of an oral fructose challenge on hepatic ATP reserves in healthy volunteers: a 31P MRS study.

Measurement of gastric meal and secretion volumes using magnetic resonance imaging (2015)
Journal Article
Hoad, C., Parker, H., Hudders, N., Costigan, C., Cox, E., Perkins, A., …Gowland, P. (2015). Measurement of gastric meal and secretion volumes using magnetic resonance imaging. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 60(3), 1367-1383. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/60/3/1367

MRI can assess multiple gastric functions without ionizing radiation. However, time consuming image acquisition and analysis of gastric volume data, plus confounding of gastric emptying measurements by gastric secretions mixed with the test meal have... Read More about Measurement of gastric meal and secretion volumes using magnetic resonance imaging.

Effects of bowel cleansing on the intestinal microbiota (2014)
Journal Article
Jalanka, J., Salonen, A., Salojärvi, J., Ritari, J., Immonen, O., Marciani, L., …de Vos, W. M. (2015). Effects of bowel cleansing on the intestinal microbiota. Gut, 64(10), 1562-1568. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307240

Objective: An adequate bowel cleansing is essential for a successful colonoscopy. Although purgative consumption is safe for the patient, there is little consensus on how the intestinal microbiota is affected by the procedure, especially regarding th... Read More about Effects of bowel cleansing on the intestinal microbiota.

Additive effects of gastric volumes and macronutrient composition on the sensation of postprandial fullness in humans (2014)
Journal Article
Marciani, L., Cox, E., Pritchard, S., Major, G., Hoad, C., Mellows, M., …Spiller, R. (2015). Additive effects of gastric volumes and macronutrient composition on the sensation of postprandial fullness in humans. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69(3), 380-384. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2014.194

Background/Objectives: Intake of food or fluid distends the stomach and triggers mechanoreceptors and vagal afferents. Wall stretch and tension produces a feeling of fullness. Duodenal infusion studies assessing gastric sensitivity by barostat have s... Read More about Additive effects of gastric volumes and macronutrient composition on the sensation of postprandial fullness in humans.

Quantification of gastrointestinal liquid volumes and distribution following a 240 mL dose of water in the fasted state (2014)
Journal Article
Mudie, D. M., Murray, K., Hoad, C. L., Pritchard, S. E., Garnett, M. C., Amidon, G. L., …Marciani, L. (2014). Quantification of gastrointestinal liquid volumes and distribution following a 240 mL dose of water in the fasted state. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 11(9), 3039-3047. https://doi.org/10.1021/mp500210c

Previous imaging studies offered a snapshot of water distribution in fasted humans and showed that water in the small intestine is distributed in small pockets. This study aimed to quantify the volume and number of water pockets in the upper gut of f... Read More about Quantification of gastrointestinal liquid volumes and distribution following a 240 mL dose of water in the fasted state.

A low calorie morning meal prevents the decline of hepatic glycogen stores: a pilot in vivo 13C magnetic resonance study (2014)
Journal Article
Bawden, S., Stephenson, M., Ciampi, E., Hunter, K., Marciani, L., Spiller, R., …Gowland, P. (2014). A low calorie morning meal prevents the decline of hepatic glycogen stores: a pilot in vivo 13C magnetic resonance study. Food and Function, 5(9), 2237-2242. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4fo00050a

Previous studies have reported a meal-induced rise in hepatic glycogen stores from baseline levels following a fast and it is generally assumed that glycogen levels rise steadily following meals throughout the day. However, measurements are normally... Read More about A low calorie morning meal prevents the decline of hepatic glycogen stores: a pilot in vivo 13C magnetic resonance study.

Differential Effects of FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-Saccharides and Polyols) on Small and Large Intestinal Contents in Healthy Subjects Shown by MRI (2014)
Journal Article
Murray, K., Wilkinson-Smith, V., Hoad, C., Costigan, C., Cox, E., Lam, C., …Spiller, R. C. (2014). Differential Effects of FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-Saccharides and Polyols) on Small and Large Intestinal Contents in Healthy Subjects Shown by MRI. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 109(1), 110-119. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.386

OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to investigate whether ingestion of fructose and fructans (such as inulin) can exacerbate irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. The aim was to better understand the origin of these symptoms by magnetic re... Read More about Differential Effects of FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-Saccharides and Polyols) on Small and Large Intestinal Contents in Healthy Subjects Shown by MRI.

A randomised trial of ondansetron for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (2013)
Journal Article
Garsed, K., Chernova, J., Hastings, M., Lam, C., Marciani, L., Singh, G., …Spiller, R. C. (2014). A randomised trial of ondansetron for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea. Gut, 63(10), 1617-1625. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305989

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS-D) is particularly debilitating due to urgency and episodic incontinence. Some 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists (5-HT3RAs) have proven effective but have serious side effects.... Read More about A randomised trial of ondansetron for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea.

Novel MRI tests of orocecal transit time and whole gut transit time: studies in normal subjects (2013)
Journal Article
Chaddock, G., Lam, C., Hoad, C., Costigan, C., Cox, E. F., Placidi, E., …Spiller, R. C. (2014). Novel MRI tests of orocecal transit time and whole gut transit time: studies in normal subjects. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 26(2), 205-214. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12249

Background: Colonic transit tests are used to manage patients with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Some tests used expose patients to ionizing radiation. The aim of this study was to compare novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tests for mea... Read More about Novel MRI tests of orocecal transit time and whole gut transit time: studies in normal subjects.

Fasting and postprandial volumes of the undisturbed colon: normal values and changes in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome measured using serial MRI (2013)
Journal Article
Pritchard, S. E., Marciani, L., Garsed, K., Hoad, C., Thongborisute, W., Roberts, E., …Spiller, R. C. (in press). Fasting and postprandial volumes of the undisturbed colon: normal values and changes in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome measured using serial MRI. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 26(1), https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12243

Background Previous assessments of colon morphology have relied on tests which were either invasive or used ionizing radiation. We aimed to measure regional volumes of the undisturbed colon in healthy volunteers (HV) and patients with diarrhea-predo... Read More about Fasting and postprandial volumes of the undisturbed colon: normal values and changes in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome measured using serial MRI.

Delayed gastric emptying and reduced postprandial small bowel water content of equicaloric whole meal bread versus rice meals in healthy subjects: novel MRI insights (2013)
Journal Article
Marciani, L., Pritchard, S. E., Hellier-Woods, C., Costigan, C., Hoad, C., Gowland, P. A., & Spiller, R. C. (2013). Delayed gastric emptying and reduced postprandial small bowel water content of equicaloric whole meal bread versus rice meals in healthy subjects: novel MRI insights. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 67(7), https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2013.78

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Postprandial bloating is a common symptom in patients with functional gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Whole meal bread (WMB) often aggravates such symptoms though the mechanisms are unclear. We used magnetic resonance imaging (... Read More about Delayed gastric emptying and reduced postprandial small bowel water content of equicaloric whole meal bread versus rice meals in healthy subjects: novel MRI insights.

Effects of various food ingredients on gall bladder emptying (2013)
Journal Article
Marciani, L., Cox, E., Hoad, C., Totman, J. J., Costigan, C., Singh, G., …Spiller, R. C. (2013). Effects of various food ingredients on gall bladder emptying. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 67(11), https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2013.168

Background/objectives: The emptying of the gall bladder in response to feeding is pivotal for the digestion of fat, but the role of various food ingredients in contracting the gall bladder postprandially is not well understood. We hypothesized that d... Read More about Effects of various food ingredients on gall bladder emptying.