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High-intensity interval training produces a significant improvement in fitness in less than 31 days before surgery for urological cancer: a randomised control trial (2020)
Journal Article
Blackwell, J. E. M., Doleman, B., Boereboom, C. L., Morton, A., Williams, S., Atherton, P., …Lund, J. N. (2020). High-intensity interval training produces a significant improvement in fitness in less than 31 days before surgery for urological cancer: a randomised control trial. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, 23, 696–704. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-020-0219-1

Objectives

To assess the efficacy of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients awaiting resection for urological malignancy within four weeks.

Subjects/patients and methods

A randomised... Read More about High-intensity interval training produces a significant improvement in fitness in less than 31 days before surgery for urological cancer: a randomised control trial.

A novel stable isotope tracer method to simultaneously quantify skeletal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown (2020)
Journal Article
Atherton, P. J., Crossland, H., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., & Wilkinson, D. J. (2020). A novel stable isotope tracer method to simultaneously quantify skeletal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. Metabolism Open, 5, Article 100022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2020.100022

Background/Aims: Methodological challenges have been associated with the dynamic measurement of muscle protein breakdown (MPB), as have the measurement of both muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and MPB within the same experiment. Our aim was to use the... Read More about A novel stable isotope tracer method to simultaneously quantify skeletal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown.

The effect of oral essential amino acids on incretin hormone production in youth and ageing (2019)
Journal Article
Abdulla, H., Bass, J., Stokes, T., Gorissen, S., McGlory, C., Phillips, B., …Atherton, P. (2019). The effect of oral essential amino acids on incretin hormone production in youth and ageing. Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 2(4), Article e00085. https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.85

Background
The effect of substantive doses of essential amino acids (EAA) on incretin and insulin production, and the impact of age upon this effect, is ill‐defined.

Methods
A 15‐g oral EAA drink was administered to young (N = 8; 26 ± 4.4 years)... Read More about The effect of oral essential amino acids on incretin hormone production in youth and ageing.

Differential Stimulation of Post-Exercise Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis in Humans Following Isonitrogenous, Isocaloric Pre-Exercise Feeding (2019)
Journal Article
Davies, R. W., Bass, J. J., Carson, B. P., Norton, C., Kozior, M., Amigo-Benavent, M., …Jakeman, P. M. (2019). Differential Stimulation of Post-Exercise Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis in Humans Following Isonitrogenous, Isocaloric Pre-Exercise Feeding. Nutrients, 11(7), Article 1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071657

The aim of this study was to test the effects of two disparate isonitrogenous, isocaloric pre-exercise feeds on deuterium-oxide (D2O) derived measures of myofibrillar protein synthesis (myoPS) in humans. Methods: In a double-blind parallel group desi... Read More about Differential Stimulation of Post-Exercise Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis in Humans Following Isonitrogenous, Isocaloric Pre-Exercise Feeding.

The acute transcriptional response to resistance exercise: impact of age and contraction mode (2019)
Journal Article
Deane, C. S., Ames, R. M., Phillips, B. E., Weedon, M. N., Willis, C. R., Boereboom, C., …Etheridge, T. (2019). The acute transcriptional response to resistance exercise: impact of age and contraction mode. Aging, 11(7), 2111-2126. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101904

Optimization of resistance exercise (RE) remains a hotbed of research for muscle building and maintenance. However, the interactions between the contractile components of RE (i.e. concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC)) and age, are poorly defined. We... Read More about The acute transcriptional response to resistance exercise: impact of age and contraction mode.

Gene-based analysis of angiogenesis, mitochondrial and insulin-related pathways in skeletal muscle of older individuals following nutraceutical supplementation (2019)
Journal Article
Crossland, H., Pereira, S. L., Smith, K., Phillips, B. E., & Atherton, P. J. (2019). Gene-based analysis of angiogenesis, mitochondrial and insulin-related pathways in skeletal muscle of older individuals following nutraceutical supplementation. Journal of Functional Foods, 56, 216-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.022

Cocoa flavanols and fish oil omega-3 fatty acids are two bio-active nutrients that may improve muscle microvascular function, insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function in older adults. We assessed changes in gene expression of these pathways in... Read More about Gene-based analysis of angiogenesis, mitochondrial and insulin-related pathways in skeletal muscle of older individuals following nutraceutical supplementation.

Physiological adaptations to resistance training in rats selectively bred for low and high response to aerobic exercise training (2018)
Journal Article
Ahtiainen, J. P., Lensu, S., Ruotsalainen, I., Schumann, M., Ihalainen, J. K., Fachada, V., …Kainulainen, H. (2018). Physiological adaptations to resistance training in rats selectively bred for low and high response to aerobic exercise training. Experimental Physiology, https://doi.org/10.1113/ep087144

The purpose of this study was to determine whether rats selectively bred for low and high response to aerobic exercise training co-segregate for differences in muscle adaptations to ladder-climbing resistance training. Five high-responder (HRT) and f... Read More about Physiological adaptations to resistance training in rats selectively bred for low and high response to aerobic exercise training.

The metabolic and molecular mechanisms of hyperammonaemia and hyperethanolaemia induced protein catabolism in skeletal muscle cells (2018)
Journal Article
Crossland, H., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., & Wilkinson, D. J. (2018). The metabolic and molecular mechanisms of hyperammonaemia and hyperethanolaemia induced protein catabolism in skeletal muscle cells. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 233(12), 9663-9673. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.26881

Hyperammonaemia and hyperethanolaemia are thought to be driving factors behind skeletal muscle myopathy in liver disease i.e. cirrhosis. Despite this, the singular and combined impacts of ethanol and ammonia induced protein catabolism are poorly defi... Read More about The metabolic and molecular mechanisms of hyperammonaemia and hyperethanolaemia induced protein catabolism in skeletal muscle cells.

Tart cherry concentrate does not enhance muscle protein synthesis response to exercise and protein in healthy older men (2018)
Journal Article
Jackman, S. R., Brook, M. S., Pulsford, R. M., Cockcroft, E. J., Campbell, M. I., Rankin, D., …Bowtell, J. L. (2018). Tart cherry concentrate does not enhance muscle protein synthesis response to exercise and protein in healthy older men. Experimental Gerontology, 110, 202-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2018.06.007

Background: Oxidative stress and inflammation may contribute to anabolic resistance in response to protein and exercise in older adults. We investigated whether consumption of montmorency cherry concentrate (MCC) increased anabolic sensitivity to pro... Read More about Tart cherry concentrate does not enhance muscle protein synthesis response to exercise and protein in healthy older men.

Environmental hypoxia favors myoblast differentiation and fast phenotype but blunts activation of protein synthesis after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle (2018)
Journal Article
Gnimassou, O., Fernández-Verdejo, R., Brook, M., Naslain, D., Balan, E., Sayda, M., …Deldicque, L. (2018). Environmental hypoxia favors myoblast differentiation and fast phenotype but blunts activation of protein synthesis after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle. FASEB Journal, 32, https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201800049rr

We hypothesized that a single session of resistance exercise performed in moderate hypoxic (FiO2: 14%) environmental conditions would potentiate the anabolic response during the recovery period spent in normoxia. Twenty subjects performed a 1-leg kne... Read More about Environmental hypoxia favors myoblast differentiation and fast phenotype but blunts activation of protein synthesis after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle.

Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men (2017)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Phillips, B. E., Hill, I., Greenhaff, P. L., Lund, J. N., Williams, J. P., …Atherton, P. J. (2017). Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men. Clinical Science, 131(21), https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20171230

Leucine modulates muscle protein synthesis (MPS), with potential to facilitate accrual/maintenance of muscle mass. Animal models suggest that leucine boluses shortly after meals may prolong MPS and delay onset of a “muscle-full” state. However, the e... Read More about Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men.

A novel puromycin decorporation method to quantify skeletal muscle protein breakdown: a proof-of-concept study (2017)
Journal Article
Crossland, H., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., & Wilkinson, D. J. (2017). A novel puromycin decorporation method to quantify skeletal muscle protein breakdown: a proof-of-concept study. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 494(3-4), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.085

The precise roles that the major proteolytic pathways play in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass remain incompletely understood, in part due to technical limitations associated with current techniques used to quantify muscle protein breakdown (MP... Read More about A novel puromycin decorporation method to quantify skeletal muscle protein breakdown: a proof-of-concept study.

Impact of the calcium form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate upon human skeletal muscle protein metabolism (2017)
Journal Article
Wilkinson, D. J., Hossain, T., Limb, M. C., Phillips, B. E., Lund, J., Williams, J. P., Brook, M. S., Cegielski, J., Philp, A., Ashcroft, S., Rathmacher, J. A., Szewczyk, N. J., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2018). Impact of the calcium form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate upon human skeletal muscle protein metabolism. Clinical Nutrition, 37(6), 2068-2075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.024

Background & aims: β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is purported as a key nutritional supplement for the preservation of muscle mass in health, disease and as an ergogenic aid in exercise. Of the two available forms of HMB (calcium (Ca-HMB) salt or f... Read More about Impact of the calcium form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate upon human skeletal muscle protein metabolism.

Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid and whey protein bolus dosing upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis at rest and after exercise in older women (2017)
Journal Article
Wilkinson, D. J., Bukhari, S. S., Phillips, B. E., Limb, M. C., Cegielski, J., Brook, M. S., …Atherton, P. J. (2018). Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid and whey protein bolus dosing upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis at rest and after exercise in older women. Clinical Nutrition, 37(6), 2011-2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.008

© 2017 The Authors Background & aims: Impaired anabolic responses to nutrition and exercise contribute to loss of skeletal muscle mass with ageing (sarcopenia). Here, we tested responses of muscle protein synthesis (MPS), in the under represented gr... Read More about Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid and whey protein bolus dosing upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis at rest and after exercise in older women.

The efficacy of unsupervised home-based exercise regimens in comparison to supervised lab-based exercise training upon cardio-respiratory health facets (2017)
Journal Article
Blackwell, J., Atherton, P. J., Smith, K., Doleman, B., Williams, J. P., Lund, J. N., & Phillips, B. E. (2017). The efficacy of unsupervised home-based exercise regimens in comparison to supervised lab-based exercise training upon cardio-respiratory health facets. Physiological Reports, 5(16), Article e13390. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13390

Supervised high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can rapidly improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, the effectiveness of time-efficient unsupervised home-based interventions is unknown. Eighteen volunteers completed either: laboratory-HI... Read More about The efficacy of unsupervised home-based exercise regimens in comparison to supervised lab-based exercise training upon cardio-respiratory health facets.

A 4-week, lifestyle-integrated, home-based exercise training programme elicits improvements in physical function and lean mass in older men and women: a pilot study (2017)
Journal Article
Cegielski, J., Brook, M. S., Quinlan, J. I., Wilkinson, D. J., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., & Phillips, B. E. (2017). A 4-week, lifestyle-integrated, home-based exercise training programme elicits improvements in physical function and lean mass in older men and women: a pilot study. F1000Research, https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11894.2

Background: Developing alternative exercise programmes that can alleviate certain barriers to exercise such as psychological, environmental or socio-economical barriers, but provide similar physiological benefits e.g. increases in muscle mass and str... Read More about A 4-week, lifestyle-integrated, home-based exercise training programme elicits improvements in physical function and lean mass in older men and women: a pilot study.

Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age (2017)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Greenhaff, P. L., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2017). Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age. JCI insight, 2(17), Article e95581. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.95581

BACKGROUND.

The impact of resistance exercise training (RE-T) across the life span is poorly defined.

METHODS.

To resolve this, we recruited three distinct age cohorts of young (18–28 years; n = 11), middle-aged (45–55 years; n = 20), and... Read More about Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age.

Recent developments in deuterium oxide tracer approaches to measure rates of substrate turnover: implications for protein, lipid, and nucleic acid research (2017)
Journal Article
Brook, M. S., Wilkinson, D. J., Atherton, P. J., & Smith, K. (2017). Recent developments in deuterium oxide tracer approaches to measure rates of substrate turnover: implications for protein, lipid, and nucleic acid research. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 20(5), https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000392

Purpose of review: Methods that inform on dynamic metabolism that can be applied to clinical populations to understand disease progression and responses to therapeutic interventions are of great importance. This review perspective will highlight rece... Read More about Recent developments in deuterium oxide tracer approaches to measure rates of substrate turnover: implications for protein, lipid, and nucleic acid research.

Supplementing essential amino acids with the nitric oxide precursor, l-arginine, enhances skeletal muscle perfusion without impacting anabolism in older men (2016)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Phillips, B. E., Wilkinson, D. J., Williams, J. P., Rankin, D., Lund, J. N., …Atherton, P. J. (2017). Supplementing essential amino acids with the nitric oxide precursor, l-arginine, enhances skeletal muscle perfusion without impacting anabolism in older men. Clinical Nutrition, 36(6), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.031

Postprandial limb blood flow and skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion reduce with aging. Here we tested the impact of providing bolus essential amino acids (EAA) in the presence and absence of the nitric oxide precursor, l-Arginine (ARG), upon ske... Read More about Supplementing essential amino acids with the nitric oxide precursor, l-arginine, enhances skeletal muscle perfusion without impacting anabolism in older men.