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JOHN WILLIAMS's Outputs (57)

Molecular mechanisms underpinning favourable physiological adaptations to exercise prehabilitation for urological cancer surgery (2023)
Journal Article
Blackwell, J. E., Gharahdaghi, N., Deane, C. S., Brook, M. S., Williams, J. P., Lund, J. N., …Phillips, B. E. (2023). Molecular mechanisms underpinning favourable physiological adaptations to exercise prehabilitation for urological cancer surgery. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-023-00774-z

BACKGROUND: Surgery for urological cancers is associated with high complication rates and survivors commonly experience fatigue, reduced physical ability and quality of life. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) as surgical prehabilitation has bee... Read More about Molecular mechanisms underpinning favourable physiological adaptations to exercise prehabilitation for urological cancer surgery.

Effects of GLP-1 Infusion Upon Whole-body Glucose Uptake and Skeletal Muscle Perfusion During Fed-state in Older Men (2022)
Journal Article
Abdulla, H., Phillips, B., Wilkinson, D., Gates, A., Limb, M., Jandova, T., …Atherton, P. (2023). Effects of GLP-1 Infusion Upon Whole-body Glucose Uptake and Skeletal Muscle Perfusion During Fed-state in Older Men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 108(4), 971-978. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgac613

Introduction
Ageing skeletal muscles become both insulin resistant and atrophic. The hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) facilitates postprandial glucose uptake as well as augmenting muscle perfusion, independent of insulin action. We thus hypot... Read More about Effects of GLP-1 Infusion Upon Whole-body Glucose Uptake and Skeletal Muscle Perfusion During Fed-state in Older Men.

Green Tea Extract Concurrent with an Oral Nutritional Supplement Acutely Enhances Muscle Microvascular Blood Flow without Altering Leg Glucose Uptake in Healthy Older Adults (2021)
Journal Article
Din, U. S. U., Sian, T. S., Deane, C. S., Smith, K., Gates, A., Lund, J. N., …Phillips, B. E. (2021). Green Tea Extract Concurrent with an Oral Nutritional Supplement Acutely Enhances Muscle Microvascular Blood Flow without Altering Leg Glucose Uptake in Healthy Older Adults. Nutrients, 13(11), Article 3895. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113895

Postprandial macro-and microvascular blood flow and metabolic dysfunction manifest with advancing age, so vascular transmuting interventions are desirable. In this randomised, singleblind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, we investigated the impa... Read More about Green Tea Extract Concurrent with an Oral Nutritional Supplement Acutely Enhances Muscle Microvascular Blood Flow without Altering Leg Glucose Uptake in Healthy Older Adults.

Omega-3 supplementation during unilateral resistance exercise training in older women: A within subject and double-blind placebo-controlled trial (2021)
Journal Article
Brook, M. S., Din, U., Tarum, J., Selby, A., Quinlan, J., Bass, J. J., …Smith, K. (2021). Omega-3 supplementation during unilateral resistance exercise training in older women: A within subject and double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 46, 394-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.729

Background & aims: The skeletal muscle anabolic effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) appear favoured towards women; a property that could be exploited in older women who typically exhibit poor muscle growth responses to resistance ex... Read More about Omega-3 supplementation during unilateral resistance exercise training in older women: A within subject and double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Six weeks of high-intensity interval training enhances contractile activity induced vascular reactivity and skeletal muscle perfusion in older adults (2021)
Journal Article
Herrod, P. J., Atherton, P. J., Smith, K., Williams, J. P., Lund, J. N., & Phillips, B. E. (2021). Six weeks of high-intensity interval training enhances contractile activity induced vascular reactivity and skeletal muscle perfusion in older adults. GeroScience, 43(6), 2667-2678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-021-00463-6

Impairments in muscle microvascular function are associated with the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an intervention by which a myriad of beneficial skeletal muscle/cardiovascular adap... Read More about Six weeks of high-intensity interval training enhances contractile activity induced vascular reactivity and skeletal muscle perfusion in older adults.

The physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities (2021)
Journal Article
Blackwell, J. E., Gharahdaghi, N., Brook, M. S., Watanabe, S., Boereboom, C. L., Doleman, B., …Phillips, B. E. (2021). The physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 12(4), 866-879. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12724

Background
Declines in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and fat-free mass (FFM) with age are linked to mortality, morbidity and poor quality of life. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve CRF and FFM in many groups, but it... Read More about The physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities.

Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound assessed renal microvascular perfusion may predict postoperative renal complications following colorectal surgery (2021)
Journal Article
Read, D., Doleman, B., Heinink, T., Selby, N., Lund, J., Phillips, B., & Williams, J. (2021). Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound assessed renal microvascular perfusion may predict postoperative renal complications following colorectal surgery. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 48(7), 971-977. https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.13501

Colorectal surgery is associated with an above‐average mortality rate of ~15%. During surgery, maintenance of vital organ perfusion is essential in order to reduce postoperative mortality and morbidity, with renal perfusion of particular importance.... Read More about Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound assessed renal microvascular perfusion may predict postoperative renal complications following colorectal surgery.

Associations between plasma branched chain amino acids and health biomarkers in response to resistance exercise training across age (2020)
Journal Article
Sayda, M. H., Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Greenhaff, P. L., Wilkinson, D. J., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2020). Associations between plasma branched chain amino acids and health biomarkers in response to resistance exercise training across age. Nutrients, 12(10), Article 3029. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103029

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Leucine, isoleucine and valine (i.e., the branched chain amino acids, BCAA) play a key role in the support and regulation of tissue protein regulation and also as energy substrates. However, p... Read More about Associations between plasma branched chain amino acids and health biomarkers in response to resistance exercise training across age.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 infusions overcome anabolic resistance to feeding in older human muscle (2020)
Journal Article
Abdulla, H., Phillips, B. E., Wilkinson, D. J., Limb, M., Jandova, T., Bass, J. J., …Atherton, P. J. (2020). Glucagon-like peptide 1 infusions overcome anabolic resistance to feeding in older human muscle. Aging Cell, 19(9), Article e13202. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13202

© 2020 The Authors. Aging Cell published by Anatomical Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd Background: Despite its known insulin-independent effects, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) role in muscle protein turnover has not been explored under fed-stat... Read More about Glucagon-like peptide 1 infusions overcome anabolic resistance to feeding in older human muscle.

Funnel plots may show asymmetry in the absence of publication bias with continuous outcomes dependent on baseline risk: presentation of a new publication bias test (2020)
Journal Article
Doleman, B., Freeman, S. C., Lund, J. N., Williams, J. P., & Sutton, A. J. (2020). Funnel plots may show asymmetry in the absence of publication bias with continuous outcomes dependent on baseline risk: presentation of a new publication bias test. Research Synthesis Methods, 11(4), 522-534. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1414

This study aimed to determine for continuous outcomes dependent on baseline risk, whether funnel plot asymmetry may be due to statistical artefact rather than publication bias and evaluate a novel test to resolve this. Firstly, we conducted assessmen... Read More about Funnel plots may show asymmetry in the absence of publication bias with continuous outcomes dependent on baseline risk: presentation of a new publication bias test.

Trainee-led emergency laparotomy operating (2020)
Journal Article
Boyd-Carson, H., Doleman, B., Lockwood, S., Williams, J. P., Tierney, G. M., & Lund, J. N. (2020). Trainee-led emergency laparotomy operating. British Journal of Surgery, 107(10), 1289-1298. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11611

© 2020 BJS Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Background: To achieve completion of training in general surgery, trainees are required to demonstrate competency in common procedures performed at emergency laparotomy. The aim of this stud... Read More about Trainee-led emergency laparotomy operating.

Network analysis of human muscle adaptation to aging and contraction (2020)
Journal Article
Etheridge, T., Willis, C., Atherton, P., Ames, R., Szewczyk, N., Deane, C., …Lund, J. (2020). Network analysis of human muscle adaptation to aging and contraction. Aging, 12(1), 740-755. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102653

Resistance exercise (RE) remains a primary approach for minimising aging muscle decline. Understanding muscle adaptation to individual contractile components of RE (eccentric, concentric) might optimise RE-based intervention strategies. Herein, we em... Read More about Network analysis of human muscle adaptation to aging and contraction.

Unacceptable failures: the final report of the Lancet Commission into liver disease in the UK (2019)
Journal Article
Rice, P., Williams, R., Newsome, P., Aithal, G., Morling, J., Alexander, G. J., …Yeoman, A. (2020). Unacceptable failures: the final report of the Lancet Commission into liver disease in the UK. Lancet, 395(10219), 226-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736%2819%2932908-3

This final report of the Lancet Commission into liver disease in the UK stresses the continuing increase in burden of liver disease from excess alcohol consumption and obesity, with high levels of hospital admissions which are worsening in deprived a... Read More about Unacceptable failures: the final report of the Lancet Commission into liver disease in the UK.

A double-blind randomized controlled trial of the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation on muscle inflammation and physical function in patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection (2019)
Journal Article
Hossain, T., Phillips, B. E., Doleman, B., Lund, J. N., & Williams, J. P. (2020). A double-blind randomized controlled trial of the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation on muscle inflammation and physical function in patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection. Clinical Nutrition, 39(7), 2055-2061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2019.09.009

Background

Resection of colorectal cancer (CRC) initiates inflammation, mediated at least partly by NFĸB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells), leading to muscle catabolism and reduced physical performance. Eicosapentaen... Read More about A double-blind randomized controlled trial of the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation on muscle inflammation and physical function in patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection.

Long-term outcomes of biological mesh repair following extra levator abdominoperineal excision of the rectum: an observational study of 100 patients (2019)
Journal Article
Thomas, P. W., Blackwell, J. E. M., Herrod, P. J. J., Peacock, O., Singh, R., Williams, J. P., …Lund, J. N. (2019). Long-term outcomes of biological mesh repair following extra levator abdominoperineal excision of the rectum: an observational study of 100 patients. Techniques in Coloproctology, 23(8), 761-767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10151-019-02056-0

Background
Current evidence suggests that pelvic floor reconstruction following extralevator abdominoperineal excision of rectum (ELAPER) may reduce the risk of perineal herniation of intra-abdominal contents. Options for reconstruction include mesh... Read More about Long-term outcomes of biological mesh repair following extra levator abdominoperineal excision of the rectum: an observational study of 100 patients.

Short-term pre-operative high-intensity interval training does not improve fitness of colorectal cancer patients (2019)
Journal Article
Boereboom, C. L., Blackwell, J. E., Williams, J. P., Phillips, B. E., & Lund, J. N. (2019). Short-term pre-operative high-intensity interval training does not improve fitness of colorectal cancer patients. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 29(9), 1383-1391. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13460

Background: Preoperative cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in colorectal cancer patients has been shown to affect postoperative outcomes. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of high-intensity interval training (HIT) for improving fitness... Read More about Short-term pre-operative high-intensity interval training does not improve fitness of colorectal cancer patients.

Association between surgeon special interest and mortality after emergency laparotomy (2019)
Journal Article
Boyd‐Carson, H., Doleman, B., Herrod, P. J. J., Anderson, I. D., Williams, J. P., Lund, J. N., …on behalf of the NELA Collaboration. (2019). Association between surgeon special interest and mortality after emergency laparotomy. British Journal of Surgery, 106(7), 940-948. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11146

© 2019 BJS Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Background: Approximately 30 000 emergency laparotomies are performed each year in England and Wales. Patients with pathology of the gastrointestinal tract requiring emergency laparotomy are... Read More about Association between surgeon special interest and mortality after emergency laparotomy.

The acute transcriptional response to resistance exercise: impact of age and contraction mode (2019)
Journal Article
Deane, C. S., Ames, R. M., Phillips, B. E., Weedon, M. N., Willis, C. R., Boereboom, C., …Etheridge, T. (2019). The acute transcriptional response to resistance exercise: impact of age and contraction mode. Aging, 11(7), 2111-2126. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101904

Optimization of resistance exercise (RE) remains a hotbed of research for muscle building and maintenance. However, the interactions between the contractile components of RE (i.e. concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC)) and age, are poorly defined. We... Read More about The acute transcriptional response to resistance exercise: impact of age and contraction mode.

Quick and simple: psoas density measurement is an independent predictor of anastomotic leak and other complications after colorectal resection (2019)
Journal Article
Herrod, P. J., Boyd-Carson, H., Doleman, B., Trotter, J., Schlichtemeier, S., Sathanapally, G., …Lund, J. N. (2019). Quick and simple: psoas density measurement is an independent predictor of anastomotic leak and other complications after colorectal resection. Techniques in Coloproctology, 23(2), 129–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10151-019-1928-0

Purpose: Radiologically-defined sarcopenia has been shown to predict negative outcomes after cancer surgery, however radiological assessment of sarcopenia often requires additional software and standardisation against anthropomorphic data. Measuring... Read More about Quick and simple: psoas density measurement is an independent predictor of anastomotic leak and other complications after colorectal resection.

The efficacy of ‘static’ training interventions for improving indices of cardiorespiratory fitness in premenopausal females (2018)
Journal Article
Herrod, P. J. J., Blackwell, J. E. M., Moss, B. F., Gates, A., Atherton, P. J., Lund, J. N., …Phillips, B. E. (2019). The efficacy of ‘static’ training interventions for improving indices of cardiorespiratory fitness in premenopausal females. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 119(3), 645-652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-4054-1

PURPOSE:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Many risk factors for CVD can be modified pharmacologically; however, uptake of medications is low, especially in asymptomatic people. Exercise is also effective at reduc... Read More about The efficacy of ‘static’ training interventions for improving indices of cardiorespiratory fitness in premenopausal females.

Pre‐emptive and preventive opioids for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery (2018)
Journal Article
Doleman, B., Leonardi-Bee, J., Lund, J. N., Heinink, T. P., Bhattacharjee, D., & Williams, J. P. (2018). Pre‐emptive and preventive opioids for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Article CD012624. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012624.pub2

Background: Postoperative pain is a common consequence of surgery and can have deleterious effects. It has been suggested that the administration of opioid analgesia before a painful stimulus may improve pain control. This can be done in two ways. We... Read More about Pre‐emptive and preventive opioids for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery.

A double-blind placebo controlled trial into the impacts of HMB supplementation and exercise on free-living muscle protein synthesis, muscle mass and function, in older adults (2018)
Journal Article
Din, U., Brook, M., Selby, A. L., Quinlan, J. I., Boereboom, C., Abdullah, H., …Smith, K. (2019). A double-blind placebo controlled trial into the impacts of HMB supplementation and exercise on free-living muscle protein synthesis, muscle mass and function, in older adults. Clinical Nutrition, 38(5), 2071-2078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.09.025

Age-related sarcopenia and dynapenia are associated with frailty and metabolic diseases. Resistance exercise training (RET) adjuvant to evidence-based nutritional intervention(s) have been shown as mitigating strategies. Given that HMB supplementatio... Read More about A double-blind placebo controlled trial into the impacts of HMB supplementation and exercise on free-living muscle protein synthesis, muscle mass and function, in older adults.

Short-term (<8 weeks) high-intensity interval training in diseased cohorts (2018)
Journal Article
Blackwell, J. E., Doleman, B., Herrod, P., Ricketts, S., Phillips, B. E., Lund, J. N., & Williams, J. P. (2018). Short-term (

Background & Aim:
Exercise training regimes can lead to improvements in measures of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), improved general health, and reduced morbidity and overall mortality risk. High intensity interval training (HIIT) offers a time-eff... Read More about Short-term (<8 weeks) high-intensity interval training in diseased cohorts.

Pre-emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery (Protocol) (2018)
Journal Article
Doleman, B., Leonardi-Bee, J., Heinink, T. P., Lund, J., & Williams, J. P. (2018). Pre-emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery (Protocol). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3, https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012978

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows:

To evaluate in adult participants undergoing all types of surgery, the effects of pre-emptive and preventive non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) com... Read More about Pre-emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery (Protocol).

Exercise and other nonpharmacological strategies to reduce blood pressure in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2018)
Journal Article
Herrod, P. J., Doleman, B., Blackwell, J. E., O’Boyle, F., Williams, J. P., Lund, J. N., & Phillips, B. E. (in press). Exercise and other nonpharmacological strategies to reduce blood pressure in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 12(4), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jash.2018.01.008

The incidence of hypertension increases with advancing age and represents a significant burden of disease. Lifestyle modification represents the first-line intervention in treatment algorithms; however, the majority of evidence for this comes from st... Read More about Exercise and other nonpharmacological strategies to reduce blood pressure in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men (2017)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Phillips, B. E., Hill, I., Greenhaff, P. L., Lund, J. N., Williams, J. P., …Atherton, P. J. (2017). Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men. Clinical Science, 131(21), https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20171230

Leucine modulates muscle protein synthesis (MPS), with potential to facilitate accrual/maintenance of muscle mass. Animal models suggest that leucine boluses shortly after meals may prolong MPS and delay onset of a “muscle-full” state. However, the e... Read More about Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men.

Impact of the calcium form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate upon human skeletal muscle protein metabolism (2017)
Journal Article
Wilkinson, D. J., Hossain, T., Limb, M. C., Phillips, B. E., Lund, J., Williams, J. P., Brook, M. S., Cegielski, J., Philp, A., Ashcroft, S., Rathmacher, J. A., Szewczyk, N. J., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2018). Impact of the calcium form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate upon human skeletal muscle protein metabolism. Clinical Nutrition, 37(6), 2068-2075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.024

Background & aims: β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is purported as a key nutritional supplement for the preservation of muscle mass in health, disease and as an ergogenic aid in exercise. Of the two available forms of HMB (calcium (Ca-HMB) salt or f... Read More about Impact of the calcium form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate upon human skeletal muscle protein metabolism.

Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid and whey protein bolus dosing upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis at rest and after exercise in older women (2017)
Journal Article
Wilkinson, D. J., Bukhari, S. S., Phillips, B. E., Limb, M. C., Cegielski, J., Brook, M. S., …Atherton, P. J. (2018). Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid and whey protein bolus dosing upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis at rest and after exercise in older women. Clinical Nutrition, 37(6), 2011-2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.008

© 2017 The Authors Background & aims: Impaired anabolic responses to nutrition and exercise contribute to loss of skeletal muscle mass with ageing (sarcopenia). Here, we tested responses of muscle protein synthesis (MPS), in the under represented gr... Read More about Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid and whey protein bolus dosing upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis at rest and after exercise in older women.

Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age (2017)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Greenhaff, P. L., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2017). Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age. JCI insight, 2(17), Article e95581. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.95581

BACKGROUND.

The impact of resistance exercise training (RE-T) across the life span is poorly defined.

METHODS.

To resolve this, we recruited three distinct age cohorts of young (18–28 years; n = 11), middle-aged (45–55 years; n = 20), and... Read More about Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age.

Baseline morphine consumption may explain between-study heterogeneity in meta-analyses of adjuvant analgesics and improve precision and accuracy of effect estimates (2017)
Journal Article
Doleman, B., Sutton, A. J., Sherwin, M., Lund, J. N., & Williams, J. P. (2018). Baseline morphine consumption may explain between-study heterogeneity in meta-analyses of adjuvant analgesics and improve precision and accuracy of effect estimates. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 126(2), 648-660. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002237

BACKGROUND: Statistical heterogeneity can increase the uncertainty of results and reduce the quality of evidence derived from systematic reviews. At present, it is uncertain what the major factors are that account for heterogeneity in meta-analyses o... Read More about Baseline morphine consumption may explain between-study heterogeneity in meta-analyses of adjuvant analgesics and improve precision and accuracy of effect estimates.

Epidemiology, practice of ventilation and outcome for patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (2017)
Journal Article
Rogerson, D., Williams, J. P., Yates, S., & Rogers, E. (2017). Epidemiology, practice of ventilation and outcome for patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 34(8), 492-507. https://doi.org/10.1097/EJA.0000000000000646

BACKGROUND Limited information exists about the epidemiology and outcome of surgical patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), and how intraoperative ventilation was managed in these patients.
OBJECTIVES To determin... Read More about Epidemiology, practice of ventilation and outcome for patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications.

Oesophageal Doppler guided optimization of cardiac output does not increase visceral microvascular blood flow in healthy volunteers (2017)
Journal Article
Heinink, T. P., Read, D. J., Mitchell, W. K., Bhalla, A., Lund, J. N., Phillips, B. E., & Williams, J. P. (2018). Oesophageal Doppler guided optimization of cardiac output does not increase visceral microvascular blood flow in healthy volunteers. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 38(2), 213-219. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12401

Background

Oesophageal Doppler monitoring (ODM) is used clinically to optimize cardiac output (CO) and guide fluid therapy. Despite limited experimental evidence, it is assumed that increasing CO increases visceral microvascular blood flow (MBF).... Read More about Oesophageal Doppler guided optimization of cardiac output does not increase visceral microvascular blood flow in healthy volunteers.

Fibrin glue for pilonidal sinus disease (2017)
Journal Article
Lund, J. N., Tou, S., Doleman, B., & Williams, J. P. (in press). Fibrin glue for pilonidal sinus disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017(1), Article CD011923. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011923.pub2

Background
Pilonidal sinus disease is a common condition that mainly affects young adults. This condition can cause significant pain and impairment of normal activities. No consensus currently exists on the optimum treatment for pilonidal sinus and... Read More about Fibrin glue for pilonidal sinus disease.

Simulation fails to replicate stress in trainees performing a technical procedure in the clinical environment (2016)
Journal Article
Baker, B., Bhalla, A., Doleman, B., Yarnold, E., Simons, S., Lund, J. N., & Williams, J. P. (in press). Simulation fails to replicate stress in trainees performing a technical procedure in the clinical environment. Medical Teacher, 39(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2016.1230188

Introduction: Simulation-based training (SBT) has become an increasingly important method by which doctors learn. Stress has an impact upon learning, performance, technical, and non-technical skills. However, there are currently no studies that compa... Read More about Simulation fails to replicate stress in trainees performing a technical procedure in the clinical environment.

Gabapentin for the hemodynamic response to intubation: systematic review and meta-analysis (2016)
Journal Article
Doleman, B., Sherwin, M., Lund, J. N., & Williams, J. P. (in press). Gabapentin for the hemodynamic response to intubation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia / Journal canadien d'anesthésie, 63(9), https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-016-0668-0

Purpose

Endotracheal intubation is the gold standard for securing the airway before surgery. Nevertheless, this procedure can produce an activation of the sympathetic nervous system and result in a hemodynamic response which, in high-risk patients... Read More about Gabapentin for the hemodynamic response to intubation: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Enriching a protein drink with leucine augments muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young and older men (2016)
Journal Article
Atherton, P. J., Kumar, V., Selby, A. L., Rankin, D., Hildebrandt, W., Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Hiscock, N., & Smith, K. (2017). Enriching a protein drink with leucine augments muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young and older men. Clinical Nutrition, 36(3), 888-895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.04.025

Maximizing anabolic responses to feeding and exercise is crucial for muscle maintenance and adaptation to exercise training. We hypothesized that enriching a protein drink with leucine would improve anabolic responses to resistance exercise (RE: 6×8... Read More about Enriching a protein drink with leucine augments muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young and older men.

Anaesthetists stress is induced by patient ASA grade and may impair non-technical skills during intubation (2016)
Journal Article
Doleman, B., Blackwell, J., Karangizi, A., Butt, W., Bhalla, A., Lund, J. N., & Williams, J. P. (2016). Anaesthetists stress is induced by patient ASA grade and may impair non-technical skills during intubation. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 60(7), 910-916. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.12716

Background

The aims of this study were to determine if patient ASA grade was associated with increased stress in anaesthetists with a subsequent effect on non-technical skills.
Methods

Stress was measured using a validated objective (heart rat... Read More about Anaesthetists stress is induced by patient ASA grade and may impair non-technical skills during intubation.

Preventive acetaminophen reduces postoperative opioid consumption, vomiting, and pain scores after surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis (2015)
Journal Article
Doleman, B., Read, D., Lund, J. N., & Williams, J. P. (2015). Preventive acetaminophen reduces postoperative opioid consumption, vomiting, and pain scores after surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 40(6), https://doi.org/10.1097/AAP.0000000000000311

Background and Objectives: Preventive analgesia has been proposed as a potential strategy to reduce postoperative pain. However, there is currently no review that focuses on acetaminophen for preventive analgesia.

Methods: We conducted a search of... Read More about Preventive acetaminophen reduces postoperative opioid consumption, vomiting, and pain scores after surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis.

The impact of delivery profile of essential amino acids upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis in older men: clinical efficacy of pulse vs. bolus supply (2015)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Rankin, D., Lund, J. N., Wilkinson, D. J., …Atherton, P. J. (2015). The impact of delivery profile of essential amino acids upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis in older men: clinical efficacy of pulse vs. bolus supply. AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 309(5), Article E450-E457. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00112.2015

Essential amino acids (EAA) are responsible for skeletal muscle anabolic effects after nutrient intake. The pattern of appearance of EAA in blood, e.g., after intake of “slow” or “fast” protein sources or in response to grazing vs. bolus feeding patt... Read More about The impact of delivery profile of essential amino acids upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis in older men: clinical efficacy of pulse vs. bolus supply.

A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of prophylactic gabapentin for postoperative pain (2015)
Journal Article
Doleman, B., Heinink, T., Faleiro, R., Lund, J. N., & Williams, J. P. (2015). A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of prophylactic gabapentin for postoperative pain. Anaesthesia, 70(10), https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.13179

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, AMED and CENTRAL databases until December 2014 and included 133 randomised controlled trials of peri-operative gabapentin vs placebo. Gabapentin reduced mean (95% CI) 24-h morphine-equivalent consumption by 8.44 (... Read More about A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of prophylactic gabapentin for postoperative pain.

Day-case closure of ileostomy: feasible, safe and efficient (2015)
Journal Article
Bhalla, A., Peacock, O., Tierney, G., Tou, S., Hurst, N., Speake, W., …Lund, J. N. (2015). Day-case closure of ileostomy: feasible, safe and efficient. Colorectal Disease, 17(9), https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.12961

Aim

Over 5000 loop ileostomy closures were performed in the UK in 2013 with a median inpatient stay of 5 days. Previously we have successfully implemented a 23-h protocol for loop ileostomy closure which was modified for same-day discharge. We pre... Read More about Day-case closure of ileostomy: feasible, safe and efficient.

Study investigating the role of skeletal muscle mass estimation in metastatic spinal cord compression (2015)
Journal Article
Gakhar, H., Dhillon, A., Blackwell, J., Hussain, K., Bommireddy, R., Klezl, Z., & Williams, J. (2015). Study investigating the role of skeletal muscle mass estimation in metastatic spinal cord compression. European Spine Journal, 24(10), 2150-2155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-015-4050-7

Background

Age-related loss of functional muscle mass is associated with reduced functional ability and life expectancy. In disseminated cancer, age-related muscle loss may be exacerbated by cachexia and poor nutritional intake, increasing functio... Read More about Study investigating the role of skeletal muscle mass estimation in metastatic spinal cord compression.

The effects of resistance exercise training on macro- and micro-circulatory responses to feeding and skeletal muscle protein anabolism in older men (2015)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Atherton, P. J., Varadhan, K., Limb, M. C., Wilkinson, D. J., Sjøberg, K. A., …Williams, J. P. (2015). The effects of resistance exercise training on macro- and micro-circulatory responses to feeding and skeletal muscle protein anabolism in older men. Journal of Physiology, 593(12), https://doi.org/10.1113/JP270343

The anabolic effects of dietary protein on skeletal muscle depend on adequate skeletal muscle perfusion, which is impaired in older people. This study explores fed state muscle microvascular blood flow, protein metabolism and exercise training status... Read More about The effects of resistance exercise training on macro- and micro-circulatory responses to feeding and skeletal muscle protein anabolism in older men.

Creatinine and myoglobin are poor predictors of anaerobic threshold in colorectal cancer and health (2015)
Journal Article
Nyasavajjala, S. M., Phillips, B. E., Lund, J. N., & Williams, J. P. (2015). Creatinine and myoglobin are poor predictors of anaerobic threshold in colorectal cancer and health. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 6(2), https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12020

Aims

Myoglobin is a haem protein produced in skeletal muscles. Serum concentrations of myoglobin have been proposed as a surrogate marker of muscle mass and function in both cachectic cancer patients and healthy non-cancer individuals. Creatinine,... Read More about Creatinine and myoglobin are poor predictors of anaerobic threshold in colorectal cancer and health.

Assessing surgeon stress when operating using heart rate variability and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory: will surgery be the death of us? (2015)
Journal Article
Jones, K., Amawi, F., Bhalla, A., Peacock, O., Williams, J. P., & Lund, J. N. (2015). Assessing surgeon stress when operating using heart rate variability and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory: will surgery be the death of us?. Colorectal Disease, 17(4), https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.12844

Aim

Performance in the operating room is affected by a combination of individual, patient and environmental factors amongst others. Stress has a potential negative impact on performance with the quality of surgical practice and patient safety bein... Read More about Assessing surgeon stress when operating using heart rate variability and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory: will surgery be the death of us?.

Simple psoas cross-sectional area measurement is a quick and easy method to assess sarcopenia and predicts major surgical complications (2014)
Journal Article
Jones, K., Doleman, B., Scott, S., Lund, J. N., & Williams, J. P. (2015). Simple psoas cross-sectional area measurement is a quick and easy method to assess sarcopenia and predicts major surgical complications. Colorectal Disease, 17(1), Article O20-O26. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.12805

Aim

Radiologically assessed muscle mass has been suggested as a surrogate marker of functional status and frailty and may predict patients at risk of postoperative complications. We hypothesize that sarcopenia negatively impacts on postoperative r... Read More about Simple psoas cross-sectional area measurement is a quick and easy method to assess sarcopenia and predicts major surgical complications.

A dose- rather than delivery profile-dependent mechanism regulates the "muscle-full" effect in response to oral essential amino acid intake in young men (2014)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Rankin, D., Lund, J. N., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2015). A dose- rather than delivery profile-dependent mechanism regulates the "muscle-full" effect in response to oral essential amino acid intake in young men. Journal of Nutrition, 145(2), https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.199604

Background: The anabolic response of skeletal muscle to essential amino acids (EAAs) is dose dependent, maximal at modest doses, and short lived, even with continued EAA availability, a phenomenon termed “muscle-full.” However, the effect of EAA inge... Read More about A dose- rather than delivery profile-dependent mechanism regulates the "muscle-full" effect in response to oral essential amino acid intake in young men.

An evaluation of POSSUM and P-POSSUM scoring in predicting post-operative mortality in a level 1 critical care setting (2014)
Journal Article
Scott, S., Lund, J. N., Gold, S., Elliott, R., Vater, M., Chakrabarty, M. P., …Williams, J. P. (2014). An evaluation of POSSUM and P-POSSUM scoring in predicting post-operative mortality in a level 1 critical care setting. BMC Anesthesiology, 14(1), Article 104. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2253-14-104

Background

POSSUM and P-POSSUM are used in the assessment of outcomes in surgical patients. Neither scoring systems’ accuracy has been established where a level 1 critical care facility (level 1 care ward) is available for perioperative care. We c... Read More about An evaluation of POSSUM and P-POSSUM scoring in predicting post-operative mortality in a level 1 critical care setting.

One-third of patients fail to return to work 1 year after surgery for colorectal cancer (2014)
Journal Article
Bhalla, A., Williams, J. P., Hurst, N., Speake, W., Tierney, G., Tou, S., & Lund, J. N. (2014). One-third of patients fail to return to work 1 year after surgery for colorectal cancer. Techniques in Coloproctology, 18(12), https://doi.org/10.1007/s10151-014-1232-y

Background

Achieving full recovery after colorectal cancer surgery means a return to normal physical and psychological health and to a normal social life. Recovery data focusses on time to discharge rather than longer term functionality including... Read More about One-third of patients fail to return to work 1 year after surgery for colorectal cancer.

Effect of a quadrivalent meningococcal ACWY glycoconjugate or a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine on meningococcal carriage: an observer-blind, phase 3 randomised clinical trial (2014)
Journal Article
Read, R. C., Baxter, D., Chadwick, D. R., Faust, S. N., Finn, A., Gordon, S. B., …Borrow, R. (2014). Effect of a quadrivalent meningococcal ACWY glycoconjugate or a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine on meningococcal carriage: an observer-blind, phase 3 randomised clinical trial. Lancet, 384(9960), 2123-2131. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736%2814%2960842-4

Background: Meningococcal conjugate vaccines protect individuals directly, but also confer herd protection by interrupting carriage transmission. This Phase III observer-blind, randomised, controlled study evaluated the effects of meningococcal quadr... Read More about Effect of a quadrivalent meningococcal ACWY glycoconjugate or a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine on meningococcal carriage: an observer-blind, phase 3 randomised clinical trial.

Surgical resection of primary tumour improves aerobic performance in colorectal cancer (2013)
Journal Article
Williams, J. P., Nyasavajjala, S. M., Phillips, B. E., Chakrabarty, M., & Lund, J. N. (2014). Surgical resection of primary tumour improves aerobic performance in colorectal cancer. EJSO - European Journal of Surgical Oncology, 40(2), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2013.11.009

Background

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the UK, with patients suffering declines in muscle mass and aerobic function. We hypothesised that tumour removal in non-metastatic colorectal cancer would lead to a restoration of le... Read More about Surgical resection of primary tumour improves aerobic performance in colorectal cancer.

Pharmacological enhancement of leg and muscle microvascular blood flow does not augment anabolic responses in skeletal muscle of young men under fed conditions (2013)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Atherton, P. J., Varadhan, K., Wilkinson, D. J., Limb, M. C., Selby, A. L., …Williams, J. P. (2014). Pharmacological enhancement of leg and muscle microvascular blood flow does not augment anabolic responses in skeletal muscle of young men under fed conditions. AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 306(2), Article E168-E176. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00440.2013

Skeletal muscle anabolism associated with postprandial plasma aminoacidemia and insulinemia is contingent upon amino acids (AA) and insulin crossing the microcirculation-myocyte interface. In this study, we hypothesized that increasing muscle microva... Read More about Pharmacological enhancement of leg and muscle microvascular blood flow does not augment anabolic responses in skeletal muscle of young men under fed conditions.

Molecular networks of human muscle adaptation to exercise and age (2013)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Gustafsson, T., Bouchard, C., Rankinen, T., Knudsen, S., …Atherton, P. J. (2013). Molecular networks of human muscle adaptation to exercise and age. PLoS Genetics, 9(3), Article e1003389. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003389

Physical activity and molecular ageing presumably interact to precipitate musculoskeletal decline in humans with age. Herein, we have delineated molecular networks for these two major components of sarcopenic risk using multiple independent clinical... Read More about Molecular networks of human muscle adaptation to exercise and age.

Effect of colon cancer and surgical resection on skeletal muscle mitochondrial enzyme activity in colon cancer patients: a pilot study (2012)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Smith, K., Liptrot, S., Atherton, P. J., Varadhan, K., Rennie, M. J., …Williams, J. P. (2013). Effect of colon cancer and surgical resection on skeletal muscle mitochondrial enzyme activity in colon cancer patients: a pilot study. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 4(1), 71-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13539-012-0073-7