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Molecular mechanisms underpinning favourable physiological adaptations to exercise prehabilitation for urological cancer surgery (2023)
Journal Article
Blackwell, J. E., Gharahdaghi, N., Deane, C. S., Brook, M. S., Williams, J. P., Lund, J. N., …Phillips, B. E. (2023). Molecular mechanisms underpinning favourable physiological adaptations to exercise prehabilitation for urological cancer surgery. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-023-00774-z

BACKGROUND: Surgery for urological cancers is associated with high complication rates and survivors commonly experience fatigue, reduced physical ability and quality of life. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) as surgical prehabilitation has bee... Read More about Molecular mechanisms underpinning favourable physiological adaptations to exercise prehabilitation for urological cancer surgery.

Protein dose requirements to maximise skeletal muscle protein synthesis after repeated bouts of resistance exercise in young trained women (2023)
Journal Article
MALLINSON, J., WARDLE, S., O'LEARY, T., GREEVES, J., CEGIELSKI, J., BASS, J., …GREENHAFF, P. (2023). Protein dose requirements to maximise skeletal muscle protein synthesis after repeated bouts of resistance exercise in young trained women. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 33(12), 2470-2481. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14506

Studies examining the effect of protein (PRO) feeding on post resistance exercise (RE) muscle protein synthesis (MPS) have primarily been performed in men, and little evidence is available regarding the quantity of PRO required to maximally stimulate... Read More about Protein dose requirements to maximise skeletal muscle protein synthesis after repeated bouts of resistance exercise in young trained women.

Effects of GLP-1 Infusion Upon Whole-body Glucose Uptake and Skeletal Muscle Perfusion During Fed-state in Older Men (2022)
Journal Article
Abdulla, H., Phillips, B., Wilkinson, D., Gates, A., Limb, M., Jandova, T., …Atherton, P. (2023). Effects of GLP-1 Infusion Upon Whole-body Glucose Uptake and Skeletal Muscle Perfusion During Fed-state in Older Men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 108(4), 971-978. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgac613

Introduction Ageing skeletal muscles become both insulin resistant and atrophic. The hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) facilitates postprandial glucose uptake as well as augmenting muscle perfusion, independent of insulin action. We thus hypot... Read More about Effects of GLP-1 Infusion Upon Whole-body Glucose Uptake and Skeletal Muscle Perfusion During Fed-state in Older Men.

Caloric restriction improves glycaemic control without reducing plasma branched-chain amino acids or keto-acids in obese men (2022)
Journal Article
Sayda, M. H., Abdul-Aziz, M. H., Gharahdaghi, N., Wilkinson, D. J., Greenhaff, P. L., Philips, B. E., …Atherton, P. J. (2022). Caloric restriction improves glycaemic control without reducing plasma branched-chain amino acids or keto-acids in obese men. Scientific Reports, 12, Article 19273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21814-z

Higher plasma leucine, isoleucine and valine (BCAA) concentrations are associated with diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Here, we evaluated the effects of 6-weeks very-low calorie diet (VLCD) upon fasting BCAA in overweight (OW) non-diab... Read More about Caloric restriction improves glycaemic control without reducing plasma branched-chain amino acids or keto-acids in obese men.

Pharmacological hypogonadism impairs molecular transducers of exercise-induced muscle growth in humans (2022)
Journal Article
Gharahdaghi, N., Rudrappa, S., Brook, M. S., Farrash, W., Idris, I., Aziz, M. H. A., …Atherton, P. J. (2022). Pharmacological hypogonadism impairs molecular transducers of exercise-induced muscle growth in humans. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 13(2), 1134-1150. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12843

Background: The relative role of skeletal muscle mechano-transduction in comparison with systemic hormones, such as testosterone (T), in regulating hypertrophic responses to exercise is contentious. We investigated the mechanistic effects of chemical... Read More about Pharmacological hypogonadism impairs molecular transducers of exercise-induced muscle growth in humans.

Neuromuscular recruitment strategies of the vastus lateralis according to sex (2022)
Journal Article
Guo, Y., Jones, E. J., Inns, T. B., Ely, I. A., Stashuk, D. W., Wilkinson, D. J., …Piasecki, M. (2022). Neuromuscular recruitment strategies of the vastus lateralis according to sex. Acta Physiologica, 235(2), Article e13803. https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.13803

Aim: Despite males typically exhibiting greater muscle strength and fatigability than females, it remains unclear if there are sex-based differences in neuromuscular recruitment strategies e.g. recruitment and modulation of motor unit firing rate (MU... Read More about Neuromuscular recruitment strategies of the vastus lateralis according to sex.

Green Tea Extract Concurrent with an Oral Nutritional Supplement Acutely Enhances Muscle Microvascular Blood Flow without Altering Leg Glucose Uptake in Healthy Older Adults (2021)
Journal Article
Din, U. S. U., Sian, T. S., Deane, C. S., Smith, K., Gates, A., Lund, J. N., …Phillips, B. E. (2021). Green Tea Extract Concurrent with an Oral Nutritional Supplement Acutely Enhances Muscle Microvascular Blood Flow without Altering Leg Glucose Uptake in Healthy Older Adults. Nutrients, 13(11), Article 3895. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113895

Postprandial macro-and microvascular blood flow and metabolic dysfunction manifest with advancing age, so vascular transmuting interventions are desirable. In this randomised, singleblind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, we investigated the impa... Read More about Green Tea Extract Concurrent with an Oral Nutritional Supplement Acutely Enhances Muscle Microvascular Blood Flow without Altering Leg Glucose Uptake in Healthy Older Adults.

Omega-3 supplementation during unilateral resistance exercise training in older women: A within subject and double-blind placebo-controlled trial (2021)
Journal Article
Brook, M. S., Din, U., Tarum, J., Selby, A., Quinlan, J., Bass, J. J., …Smith, K. (2021). Omega-3 supplementation during unilateral resistance exercise training in older women: A within subject and double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 46, 394-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.729

Background & aims: The skeletal muscle anabolic effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) appear favoured towards women; a property that could be exploited in older women who typically exhibit poor muscle growth responses to resistance ex... Read More about Omega-3 supplementation during unilateral resistance exercise training in older women: A within subject and double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Six weeks of high-intensity interval training enhances contractile activity induced vascular reactivity and skeletal muscle perfusion in older adults (2021)
Journal Article
Herrod, P. J., Atherton, P. J., Smith, K., Williams, J. P., Lund, J. N., & Phillips, B. E. (2021). Six weeks of high-intensity interval training enhances contractile activity induced vascular reactivity and skeletal muscle perfusion in older adults. GeroScience, 43(6), 2667-2678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-021-00463-6

Impairments in muscle microvascular function are associated with the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an intervention by which a myriad of beneficial skeletal muscle/cardiovascular adap... Read More about Six weeks of high-intensity interval training enhances contractile activity induced vascular reactivity and skeletal muscle perfusion in older adults.

Transcriptomic links to muscle mass loss and declines in cumulative muscle protein synthesis during short-term disuse in healthy younger humans (2021)
Journal Article
Willis, C. R., Gallagher, I. J., Wilkinson, D. J., Brook, M. S., Bass, J. J., Phillips, B. E., …Atherton, P. J. (2021). Transcriptomic links to muscle mass loss and declines in cumulative muscle protein synthesis during short-term disuse in healthy younger humans. FASEB Journal, 35(9), Article e21830. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202100276RR

Muscle disuse leads to a rapid decline in muscle mass, with reduced muscle protein synthesis (MPS) considered the primary physiological mechanism. Here, we employed a systems biology approach to uncover molecular networks and key molecular candidates... Read More about Transcriptomic links to muscle mass loss and declines in cumulative muscle protein synthesis during short-term disuse in healthy younger humans.

Muscle and tendon adaptations to moderate load eccentric vs. concentric resistance exercise in young and older males (2021)
Journal Article
Quinlan, J. I., Franchi, M. V., Gharahdaghi, N., Badiali, F., Francis, S., Hale, A., …Narici, M. V. (2021). Muscle and tendon adaptations to moderate load eccentric vs. concentric resistance exercise in young and older males. GeroScience, 43(4), 1567-1584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-021-00396-0

Resistance exercise training (RET) is well-known to counteract negative age-related changes in both muscle and tendon tissue. Traditional RET consists of both concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) contractions; nevertheless, isolated ECC contractions... Read More about Muscle and tendon adaptations to moderate load eccentric vs. concentric resistance exercise in young and older males.

Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the willingness of older adults to participate in physiology research: views from past and potential volunteers (2021)
Journal Article
Deane, C. S., Gates, A., Traviss-Turner, G. D., Wilkinson, D. J., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., & Phillips, B. E. (2021). Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the willingness of older adults to participate in physiology research: views from past and potential volunteers. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 46(9), 1147-1151. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2021-0204

We explored the views of older (≥65 years) past and potential volunteers in regard to participating in physiology research during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an online questionnaire and focus groups, we found that past volunteers (n=55) were more li... Read More about Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the willingness of older adults to participate in physiology research: views from past and potential volunteers.

Myokine Responses to Exercise in a Rat Model of Low/High Adaptive Potential (2021)
Journal Article
Farrash, W. F., Phillips, B. E., Britton, S. L., Qi, N., Koch, L. G., Wilkinson, D. J., …Atherton, P. J. (2021). Myokine Responses to Exercise in a Rat Model of Low/High Adaptive Potential. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.645881

Introduction: Assuming myokines underlie some of the health benefits of exercise, we hypothesised that ‘high responder trainer’ (HRT) rats would exhibit distinct myokine profiles to ‘low responder trainers’ (LRT), reflecting distinct health and adapt... Read More about Myokine Responses to Exercise in a Rat Model of Low/High Adaptive Potential.

The physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities (2021)
Journal Article
Blackwell, J. E., Gharahdaghi, N., Brook, M. S., Watanabe, S., Boereboom, C. L., Doleman, B., …Phillips, B. E. (2021). The physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 12(4), 866-879. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12724

Background Declines in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and fat-free mass (FFM) with age are linked to mortality, morbidity and poor quality of life. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve CRF and FFM in many groups, but it... Read More about The physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities.

Combined in vivo muscle mass, muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown measurement: a ‘Combined Oral Stable Isotope Assessment of Muscle (COSIAM)’ approach (2021)
Journal Article
Cegielski, J., Wilkinson, D. J., Brook, M. S., Boereboom, C., Phillips, B. E., Gladman, J. F. R., …Atherton, P. J. (2021). Combined in vivo muscle mass, muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown measurement: a ‘Combined Oral Stable Isotope Assessment of Muscle (COSIAM)’ approach. GeroScience, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-021-00386-2

Atrophy Resistant vs. Atrophy Susceptible skeletal muscles: “aRaS” as a novel experimental paradigm to study the mechanisms of human disuse atrophy (2021)
Journal Article
Hardy, E., Inns, T., Wilkinson, D., Piasecki, M., Atherton, P., Phillips, B., …Smith, K. (2021). Atrophy Resistant vs. Atrophy Susceptible skeletal muscles: “aRaS” as a novel experimental paradigm to study the mechanisms of human disuse atrophy. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 653060. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.653060

Objective: Disuse atrophy (DA) describes inactivity-induced skeletal muscle loss, through incompletely defined mechanisms. An intriguing observation is that individual muscles exhibit differing degrees of atrophy, despite exhibiting similar anatomica... Read More about Atrophy Resistant vs. Atrophy Susceptible skeletal muscles: “aRaS” as a novel experimental paradigm to study the mechanisms of human disuse atrophy.

A collagen hydrolysate/milk protein-blend stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to an isoenergetic milk protein-blend containing a greater quantity of essential amino acids in older men (2021)
Journal Article
Brook, M., Scaife, P., Bass, J., Cegielski, J., Watanabe, S., Wilkinson, D., …Atherton, P. (2021). A collagen hydrolysate/milk protein-blend stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to an isoenergetic milk protein-blend containing a greater quantity of essential amino acids in older men. Clinical Nutrition, 40(6), 4456-4464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.01.002

Background & aims: Nutritional composition is key for skeletal muscle maintenance into older age. Yet the acute effects of collagen protein blended with other protein sources, in relation to skeletal muscle anabolism, are ill-defined. We investigated... Read More about A collagen hydrolysate/milk protein-blend stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to an isoenergetic milk protein-blend containing a greater quantity of essential amino acids in older men.

A novel dietary intervention reduces circulatory branched-chain amino acids by 50%: A pilot study of relevance for obesity and diabetes (2020)
Journal Article
Ramzan, I., Taylor, M., Phillips, B., Wilkinson, D., Smith, K., Hession, K., …Atherton, P. (2021). A novel dietary intervention reduces circulatory branched-chain amino acids by 50%: A pilot study of relevance for obesity and diabetes. Nutrients, 13(1), Article 95. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010095

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Elevated circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; isoleucine, leucine, and valine) are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Reducing circulatory BCAAs by dietary restrictio... Read More about A novel dietary intervention reduces circulatory branched-chain amino acids by 50%: A pilot study of relevance for obesity and diabetes.

Phenylbutyrate, a branched-chain amino acid keto dehydrogenase activator, promotes branched-chain amino acid metabolism and induces muscle catabolism in C2C12 cells (2020)
Journal Article
Crossland, H., Smith, K., Idris, I., Phillips, B. E., Atherton, P. J., & Wilkinson, D. J. (2021). Phenylbutyrate, a branched-chain amino acid keto dehydrogenase activator, promotes branched-chain amino acid metabolism and induces muscle catabolism in C2C12 cells. Experimental Physiology, 106(3), 585-592. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP089223

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? The compound sodium phenylbutyrate (PB) has been shown to promote branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism, and as such has been proposed as a treatment for disorders with enhanced BCAA lev... Read More about Phenylbutyrate, a branched-chain amino acid keto dehydrogenase activator, promotes branched-chain amino acid metabolism and induces muscle catabolism in C2C12 cells.

The mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy in response to transient knockdown of the vitamin D receptor in vivo (2020)
Journal Article
Bass, J. J., Kazi, A. A., Deane, C. S., Nakhuda, A., Ashcroft, S. P., Brook, M. S., …Atherton, P. J. (2021). The mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy in response to transient knockdown of the vitamin D receptor in vivo. Journal of Physiology, 599(3), 963-979. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP280652

Key points: Reduced vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression prompts skeletal muscle atrophy. Atrophy occurs through catabolic processes, namely the induction of autophagy, while anabolism remains unchanged. In response to VDR-knockdown mitochondrial func... Read More about The mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy in response to transient knockdown of the vitamin D receptor in vivo.

Associations between plasma branched chain amino acids and health biomarkers in response to resistance exercise training across age (2020)
Journal Article
Sayda, M. H., Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Greenhaff, P. L., Wilkinson, D. J., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2020). Associations between plasma branched chain amino acids and health biomarkers in response to resistance exercise training across age. Nutrients, 12(10), https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103029

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Leucine, isoleucine and valine (i.e., the branched chain amino acids, BCAA) play a key role in the support and regulation of tissue protein regulation and also as energy substrates. However, p... Read More about Associations between plasma branched chain amino acids and health biomarkers in response to resistance exercise training across age.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 infusions overcome anabolic resistance to feeding in older human muscle (2020)
Journal Article
Abdulla, H., Phillips, B. E., Wilkinson, D. J., Limb, M., Jandova, T., Bass, J. J., …Atherton, P. J. (2020). Glucagon-like peptide 1 infusions overcome anabolic resistance to feeding in older human muscle. Aging Cell, 19(9), Article e13202. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13202

© 2020 The Authors. Aging Cell published by Anatomical Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd Background: Despite its known insulin-independent effects, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) role in muscle protein turnover has not been explored under fed-stat... Read More about Glucagon-like peptide 1 infusions overcome anabolic resistance to feeding in older human muscle.

Untargeted metabolomics for uncovering biological markers of human skeletal muscle ageing (2020)
Journal Article
Wilkinson, D. J., Rodriguez-Blanco, G., Dunn, W. B., Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Greenhaff, P. L., …Atherton, P. J. (2020). Untargeted metabolomics for uncovering biological markers of human skeletal muscle ageing. Aging, 12(13), 12517-12533. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103513

Ageing compromises skeletal muscle mass and function through poorly defined molecular aetiology. Here we have used untargeted metabolomics using UHPLC-MS to profile muscle tissue from young (n=10, 25±4y), middle aged (n=18, 50±4y) and older (n=18, 70... Read More about Untargeted metabolomics for uncovering biological markers of human skeletal muscle ageing.

Targeted genotype analyses of GWAS-derived lean body mass and handgrip strength-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms in elite masters athletes (2020)
Journal Article
Crossland, H., Piasecki, J., McCormick, D., Phillips, B. E., Wilkinson, D. J., Smith, K., …Atherton, P. J. (2020). Targeted genotype analyses of GWAS-derived lean body mass and handgrip strength-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms in elite masters athletes. AJP - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 319(2), R184-R194. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00110.2020

Recent large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have independently identified a set of genetic loci associated with lean body mass (LBM) and handgrip strength (HGS). Evaluation of these candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be usef... Read More about Targeted genotype analyses of GWAS-derived lean body mass and handgrip strength-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms in elite masters athletes.

The Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation on Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis and Performance Recovery in Resistance-Trained Men (2020)
Journal Article
Davies, R. W., Bass, J. J., Carson, B. P., Norton, C., Kozior, M., Wilkinson, D. J., …Jakeman, P. M. (2020). The Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation on Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis and Performance Recovery in Resistance-Trained Men. Nutrients, 12(3), Article 845. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030845

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of whey protein supplementation on myofibrillar protein synthesis (myoPS) and muscle recovery over a 7-d period of intensified resistance training (RT). Methods: In a double-blind random... Read More about The Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation on Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis and Performance Recovery in Resistance-Trained Men.

High-intensity interval training produces a significant improvement in fitness in less than 31 days before surgery for urological cancer: a randomised control trial (2020)
Journal Article
Blackwell, J. E. M., Doleman, B., Boereboom, C. L., Morton, A., Williams, S., Atherton, P., …Lund, J. N. (2020). High-intensity interval training produces a significant improvement in fitness in less than 31 days before surgery for urological cancer: a randomised control trial. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, 23, 696–704. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-020-0219-1

Objectives To assess the efficacy of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients awaiting resection for urological malignancy within four weeks. Subjects/patients and methods A randomised... Read More about High-intensity interval training produces a significant improvement in fitness in less than 31 days before surgery for urological cancer: a randomised control trial.

A novel stable isotope tracer method to simultaneously quantify skeletal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown (2020)
Journal Article
Atherton, P. J., Crossland, H., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., & Wilkinson, D. J. (2020). A novel stable isotope tracer method to simultaneously quantify skeletal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. Metabolism Open, 5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2020.100022

Background/Aims: Methodological challenges have been associated with the dynamic measurement of muscle protein breakdown (MPB), as have the measurement of both muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and MPB within the same experiment. Our aim was to use the... Read More about A novel stable isotope tracer method to simultaneously quantify skeletal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown.

Network analysis of human muscle adaptation to aging and contraction (2020)
Journal Article
Etheridge, T., Willis, C., Atherton, P., Ames, R., Szewczyk, N., Deane, C., …Lund, J. (2020). Network analysis of human muscle adaptation to aging and contraction. Aging, 12(1), 740-755. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102653

Resistance exercise (RE) remains a primary approach for minimising aging muscle decline. Understanding muscle adaptation to individual contractile components of RE (eccentric, concentric) might optimise RE-based intervention strategies. Herein, we em... Read More about Network analysis of human muscle adaptation to aging and contraction.

Testosterone therapy induces molecular programming augmenting physiological adaptations to resistance exercise in older men (2019)
Journal Article
Gharahdaghi, N., Rudrappa, S., Brook, M. S., Idris, I., Crossland, H., Hamrock, C., …Atherton, P. J. (2019). Testosterone therapy induces molecular programming augmenting physiological adaptations to resistance exercise in older men. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 10(6), 1276-1294. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12472

Background: The andropause is associated with declines in serum testosterone (T), loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) and frailty. Two major interventions purported to offset sarcopenia are anabolic steroid therapies and resistance exercise training (RE... Read More about Testosterone therapy induces molecular programming augmenting physiological adaptations to resistance exercise in older men.

The effect of oral essential amino acids on incretin hormone production in youth and ageing (2019)
Journal Article
Abdulla, H., Bass, J., Stokes, T., Gorissen, S., McGlory, C., Phillips, B., …Atherton, P. (2019). The effect of oral essential amino acids on incretin hormone production in youth and ageing. Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 2(4), Article e00085. https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.85

Background The effect of substantive doses of essential amino acids (EAA) on incretin and insulin production, and the impact of age upon this effect, is ill‐defined. Methods A 15‐g oral EAA drink was administered to young (N = 8; 26 ± 4.4 years)... Read More about The effect of oral essential amino acids on incretin hormone production in youth and ageing.

Differential Stimulation of Post-Exercise Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis in Humans Following Isonitrogenous, Isocaloric Pre-Exercise Feeding (2019)
Journal Article
Davies, R. W., Bass, J. J., Carson, B. P., Norton, C., Kozior, M., Amigo-Benavent, M., …Jakeman, P. M. (2019). Differential Stimulation of Post-Exercise Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis in Humans Following Isonitrogenous, Isocaloric Pre-Exercise Feeding. Nutrients, 11(7), Article 1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071657

The aim of this study was to test the effects of two disparate isonitrogenous, isocaloric pre-exercise feeds on deuterium-oxide (D2O) derived measures of myofibrillar protein synthesis (myoPS) in humans. Methods: In a double-blind parallel group desi... Read More about Differential Stimulation of Post-Exercise Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis in Humans Following Isonitrogenous, Isocaloric Pre-Exercise Feeding.

The acute transcriptional response to resistance exercise: impact of age and contraction mode (2019)
Journal Article
Deane, C. S., Ames, R. M., Phillips, B. E., Weedon, M. N., Willis, C. R., Boereboom, C., …Etheridge, T. (2019). The acute transcriptional response to resistance exercise: impact of age and contraction mode. Aging, 11(7), 2111-2126. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101904

Optimization of resistance exercise (RE) remains a hotbed of research for muscle building and maintenance. However, the interactions between the contractile components of RE (i.e. concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC)) and age, are poorly defined. We... Read More about The acute transcriptional response to resistance exercise: impact of age and contraction mode.

Gene-based analysis of angiogenesis, mitochondrial and insulin-related pathways in skeletal muscle of older individuals following nutraceutical supplementation (2019)
Journal Article
Crossland, H., Pereira, S. L., Smith, K., Phillips, B. E., & Atherton, P. J. (2019). Gene-based analysis of angiogenesis, mitochondrial and insulin-related pathways in skeletal muscle of older individuals following nutraceutical supplementation. Journal of Functional Foods, 56, 216-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.022

Cocoa flavanols and fish oil omega-3 fatty acids are two bio-active nutrients that may improve muscle microvascular function, insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function in older adults. We assessed changes in gene expression of these pathways in... Read More about Gene-based analysis of angiogenesis, mitochondrial and insulin-related pathways in skeletal muscle of older individuals following nutraceutical supplementation.

A double-blind placebo controlled trial into the impacts of HMB supplementation and exercise on free-living muscle protein synthesis, muscle mass and function, in older adults (2018)
Journal Article
Din, U., Brook, M., Selby, A. L., Quinlan, J. I., Boereboom, C., Abdullah, H., …Smith, K. (2019). A double-blind placebo controlled trial into the impacts of HMB supplementation and exercise on free-living muscle protein synthesis, muscle mass and function, in older adults. Clinical Nutrition, 38(5), 2071-2078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.09.025

Age-related sarcopenia and dynapenia are associated with frailty and metabolic diseases. Resistance exercise training (RET) adjuvant to evidence-based nutritional intervention(s) have been shown as mitigating strategies. Given that HMB supplementatio... Read More about A double-blind placebo controlled trial into the impacts of HMB supplementation and exercise on free-living muscle protein synthesis, muscle mass and function, in older adults.

Physiological adaptations to resistance training in rats selectively bred for low and high response to aerobic exercise training (2018)
Journal Article
Ahtiainen, J. P., Lensu, S., Ruotsalainen, I., Schumann, M., Ihalainen, J. K., Fachada, V., …Kainulainen, H. (2018). Physiological adaptations to resistance training in rats selectively bred for low and high response to aerobic exercise training. Experimental Physiology, https://doi.org/10.1113/ep087144

The purpose of this study was to determine whether rats selectively bred for low and high response to aerobic exercise training co-segregate for differences in muscle adaptations to ladder-climbing resistance training. Five high-responder (HRT) and f... Read More about Physiological adaptations to resistance training in rats selectively bred for low and high response to aerobic exercise training.

The metabolic and molecular mechanisms of hyperammonaemia and hyperethanolaemia induced protein catabolism in skeletal muscle cells (2018)
Journal Article
Crossland, H., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., & Wilkinson, D. J. (2018). The metabolic and molecular mechanisms of hyperammonaemia and hyperethanolaemia induced protein catabolism in skeletal muscle cells. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 233(12), 9663-9673. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.26881

Hyperammonaemia and hyperethanolaemia are thought to be driving factors behind skeletal muscle myopathy in liver disease i.e. cirrhosis. Despite this, the singular and combined impacts of ethanol and ammonia induced protein catabolism are poorly defi... Read More about The metabolic and molecular mechanisms of hyperammonaemia and hyperethanolaemia induced protein catabolism in skeletal muscle cells.

Tart cherry concentrate does not enhance muscle protein synthesis response to exercise and protein in healthy older men (2018)
Journal Article
Jackman, S. R., Brook, M. S., Pulsford, R. M., Cockcroft, E. J., Campbell, M. I., Rankin, D., …Bowtell, J. L. (2018). Tart cherry concentrate does not enhance muscle protein synthesis response to exercise and protein in healthy older men. Experimental Gerontology, 110, 202-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2018.06.007

Background: Oxidative stress and inflammation may contribute to anabolic resistance in response to protein and exercise in older adults. We investigated whether consumption of montmorency cherry concentrate (MCC) increased anabolic sensitivity to pro... Read More about Tart cherry concentrate does not enhance muscle protein synthesis response to exercise and protein in healthy older men.

Environmental hypoxia favors myoblast differentiation and fast phenotype but blunts activation of protein synthesis after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle (2018)
Journal Article
Gnimassou, O., Fernández-Verdejo, R., Brook, M., Naslain, D., Balan, E., Sayda, M., …Deldicque, L. (2018). Environmental hypoxia favors myoblast differentiation and fast phenotype but blunts activation of protein synthesis after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle. FASEB Journal, 32, https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201800049rr

We hypothesized that a single session of resistance exercise performed in moderate hypoxic (FiO2: 14%) environmental conditions would potentiate the anabolic response during the recovery period spent in normoxia. Twenty subjects performed a 1-leg kne... Read More about Environmental hypoxia favors myoblast differentiation and fast phenotype but blunts activation of protein synthesis after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle.

Effects of sprint interval training on ectopic lipids and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2018)
Journal Article
Sargeant, J. A., Bawden, S., Aithal, G. P., Simpson, E. J., Macdonald, I. A., Turner, M. C., …King, J. A. (2018). Effects of sprint interval training on ectopic lipids and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 118(4), 817-828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3818-y

Purpose: This study examined the feasibility of sprint interval exercise training (SIT) for men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its effects on intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG), insulin sensitivity (hepatic and peripheral), visceral... Read More about Effects of sprint interval training on ectopic lipids and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men (2017)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Phillips, B. E., Hill, I., Greenhaff, P. L., Lund, J. N., Williams, J. P., …Atherton, P. J. (2017). Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men. Clinical Science, 131(21), https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20171230

Leucine modulates muscle protein synthesis (MPS), with potential to facilitate accrual/maintenance of muscle mass. Animal models suggest that leucine boluses shortly after meals may prolong MPS and delay onset of a “muscle-full” state. However, the e... Read More about Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men.

A novel puromycin decorporation method to quantify skeletal muscle protein breakdown: a proof-of-concept study (2017)
Journal Article
Crossland, H., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., & Wilkinson, D. J. (2017). A novel puromycin decorporation method to quantify skeletal muscle protein breakdown: a proof-of-concept study. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 494(3-4), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.085

The precise roles that the major proteolytic pathways play in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass remain incompletely understood, in part due to technical limitations associated with current techniques used to quantify muscle protein breakdown (MP... Read More about A novel puromycin decorporation method to quantify skeletal muscle protein breakdown: a proof-of-concept study.

Impact of the calcium form of ?-hydroxy-?-methylbutyrate upon human skeletal muscle protein metabolism (2017)
Journal Article
Wilkinson, D. J., Hossain, T., Limb, M. C., Phillips, B. E., Lund, J., Williams, J. P., …Atherton, P. J. (2018). Impact of the calcium form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate upon human skeletal muscle protein metabolism. Clinical Nutrition, 37(6), 2068-2075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.024

© 2017 The Authors Background & aims: β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is purported as a key nutritional supplement for the preservation of muscle mass in health, disease and as an ergogenic aid in exercise. Of the two available forms of HMB (calcium... Read More about Impact of the calcium form of ?-hydroxy-?-methylbutyrate upon human skeletal muscle protein metabolism.

Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid and whey protein bolus dosing upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis at rest and after exercise in older women (2017)
Journal Article
Wilkinson, D. J., Bukhari, S. S., Phillips, B. E., Limb, M. C., Cegielski, J., Brook, M. S., …Atherton, P. J. (2018). Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid and whey protein bolus dosing upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis at rest and after exercise in older women. Clinical Nutrition, 37(6), 2011-2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.008

© 2017 The Authors Background & aims: Impaired anabolic responses to nutrition and exercise contribute to loss of skeletal muscle mass with ageing (sarcopenia). Here, we tested responses of muscle protein synthesis (MPS), in the under represented gr... Read More about Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid and whey protein bolus dosing upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis at rest and after exercise in older women.

The efficacy of unsupervised home-based exercise regimens in comparison to supervised lab-based exercise training upon cardio-respiratory health facets (2017)
Journal Article
Blackwell, J., Atherton, P. J., Smith, K., Doleman, B., Williams, J. P., Lund, J. N., & Phillips, B. E. (2017). The efficacy of unsupervised home-based exercise regimens in comparison to supervised lab-based exercise training upon cardio-respiratory health facets. Physiological Reports, 5(16), Article e13390. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13390

Supervised high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can rapidly improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, the effectiveness of time-efficient unsupervised home-based interventions is unknown. Eighteen volunteers completed either: laboratory-HI... Read More about The efficacy of unsupervised home-based exercise regimens in comparison to supervised lab-based exercise training upon cardio-respiratory health facets.

A 4-week, lifestyle-integrated, home-based exercise training programme elicits improvements in physical function and lean mass in older men and women: a pilot study (2017)
Journal Article
Cegielski, J., Brook, M. S., Quinlan, J. I., Wilkinson, D. J., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., & Phillips, B. E. (2017). A 4-week, lifestyle-integrated, home-based exercise training programme elicits improvements in physical function and lean mass in older men and women: a pilot study. F1000Research, https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11894.2

Background: Developing alternative exercise programmes that can alleviate certain barriers to exercise such as psychological, environmental or socio-economical barriers, but provide similar physiological benefits e.g. increases in muscle mass and str... Read More about A 4-week, lifestyle-integrated, home-based exercise training programme elicits improvements in physical function and lean mass in older men and women: a pilot study.

Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age (2017)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Greenhaff, P. L., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2017). Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age. JCI insight, 2(17), Article e95581. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.95581

BACKGROUND. The impact of resistance exercise training (RE-T) across the life span is poorly defined. METHODS. To resolve this, we recruited three distinct age cohorts of young (18–28 years; n = 11), middle-aged (45–55 years; n = 20), and... Read More about Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age.

Recent developments in deuterium oxide tracer approaches to measure rates of substrate turnover: implications for protein, lipid, and nucleic acid research (2017)
Journal Article
Brook, M. S., Wilkinson, D. J., Atherton, P. J., & Smith, K. (2017). Recent developments in deuterium oxide tracer approaches to measure rates of substrate turnover: implications for protein, lipid, and nucleic acid research. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 20(5), https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000392

Purpose of review: Methods that inform on dynamic metabolism that can be applied to clinical populations to understand disease progression and responses to therapeutic interventions are of great importance. This review perspective will highlight rece... Read More about Recent developments in deuterium oxide tracer approaches to measure rates of substrate turnover: implications for protein, lipid, and nucleic acid research.

A novel D2O tracer method to quantify RNA turnover as a biomarker of de novo ribosomal biogenesis, in vitro, in animal models, and in human skeletal muscle (2017)
Journal Article
Brook, M. S., Wilkinson, D., Mitchell, W. K., Lund, J. N., Phillips, B. E., Szewczyk, N. J., …Atherton, P. J. (2017). A novel D2O tracer method to quantify RNA turnover as a biomarker of de novo ribosomal biogenesis, in vitro, in animal models, and in human skeletal muscle. AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 313(6), Article E681-E689. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00157.2017

Current methods to quantify in vivo RNA dynamics are limited. Here, we developed a novel stable isotope (D2O) methodology to quantify RNA synthesis (i.e., ribosomal biogenesis) in cells, animal models, and humans. First, proliferating C2C12 cells wer... Read More about A novel D2O tracer method to quantify RNA turnover as a biomarker of de novo ribosomal biogenesis, in vitro, in animal models, and in human skeletal muscle.

Synchronous deficits in cumulative muscle protein synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis underlie age-related anabolic resistance to exercise in humans (2016)
Journal Article
Brook, M. S., Wilkinson, D. J., Mitchell, W. K., Lund, J. N., Phillips, B. E., Szewczyk, N. J., …Atherton, P. J. (2016). Synchronous deficits in cumulative muscle protein synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis underlie age-related anabolic resistance to exercise in humans. Journal of Physiology, 594(24), 7399-7417. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP272857

Ageing is associated with impaired hypertrophic responses to resistance exercise training (RET). Here we investigated the aetiology of ‘anabolic resistance’ in older humans. Twenty healthy male individuals, 10 younger (Y; 23 ± 1 years) and 10 older (... Read More about Synchronous deficits in cumulative muscle protein synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis underlie age-related anabolic resistance to exercise in humans.

Supplementing essential amino acids with the nitric oxide precursor, l-arginine, enhances skeletal muscle perfusion without impacting anabolism in older men (2016)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Phillips, B. E., Wilkinson, D. J., Williams, J. P., Rankin, D., Lund, J. N., …Atherton, P. J. (2017). Supplementing essential amino acids with the nitric oxide precursor, l-arginine, enhances skeletal muscle perfusion without impacting anabolism in older men. Clinical Nutrition, 36(6), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.031

Postprandial limb blood flow and skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion reduce with aging. Here we tested the impact of providing bolus essential amino acids (EAA) in the presence and absence of the nitric oxide precursor, l-Arginine (ARG), upon ske... Read More about Supplementing essential amino acids with the nitric oxide precursor, l-arginine, enhances skeletal muscle perfusion without impacting anabolism in older men.

Human Skeletal Muscle Disuse Atrophy: Effects on Muscle Protein Synthesis, Breakdown, and Insulin Resistance—A Qualitative Review (2016)
Journal Article
Rudrappa, S. S., Wilkinson, D., Greenhaff, P. L., Smith, K., Idris, I., & Atherton, P. J. (2016). Human Skeletal Muscle Disuse Atrophy: Effects on Muscle Protein Synthesis, Breakdown, and Insulin Resistance—A Qualitative Review. Frontiers in Physiology, 7(361), https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00361

The ever increasing burden of an ageing population and pandemic of metabolic syndrome worldwide demands further understanding of the modifiable risk factors in reducing disability and morbidity associated with these conditions. Disuse skeletal muscle... Read More about Human Skeletal Muscle Disuse Atrophy: Effects on Muscle Protein Synthesis, Breakdown, and Insulin Resistance—A Qualitative Review.

Metformin Increases Cortisol Regeneration by 11?HSD1 in Obese Men With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2016)
Journal Article
Anderson, A. J., Andrew, R., Homer, N. Z., Jones, G. C., Smith, K., Livingstone, D. E., …Stimson, R. H. (2016). Metformin Increases Cortisol Regeneration by 11βHSD1 in Obese Men With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 101(10), 3787-3793. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2069

CONTEXT: The mechanism of action of metformin remains unclear. Given the regulation of the cortisol-regenerating enzyme 11?hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11?HSD1) by insulin and the limited efficacy of selective 11?HSD1 inhibitors to lower blood gl... Read More about Metformin Increases Cortisol Regeneration by 11?HSD1 in Obese Men With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Human Skeletal Muscle Protein Metabolism Responses to Amino Acid Nutrition (2016)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Wilkinson, D. J., Phillips, B. E., Lund, J. N., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2016). Human Skeletal Muscle Protein Metabolism Responses to Amino Acid Nutrition. Advances in Nutrition, 7(4), 828S-838S. doi:10.3945/an.115.011650

Healthy individuals maintain remarkably constant skeletal muscle mass across much of adult life, suggesting the existence of robust homeostatic mechanisms. Muscle exists in dynamic equilibrium whereby the influx of amino acids (AAs) and the resulting... Read More about Human Skeletal Muscle Protein Metabolism Responses to Amino Acid Nutrition.

An overview of technical considerations for Western blotting applications to physiological research (2016)
Journal Article
Bass, J. J., Wilkinson, D. J., Rankin, D., Phillips, B. E., Szewczyk, N. J., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (in press). An overview of technical considerations for Western blotting applications to physiological research. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 27(1), https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12702

The applications of Western/immuno-blotting (WB) techniques have reached multiple layers of the scientific community and are now considered routine procedures in the field of physiology. This is none more so than in relation to skeletal muscle physio... Read More about An overview of technical considerations for Western blotting applications to physiological research.

Enriching a protein drink with leucine augments muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young and older men (2016)
Journal Article
Atherton, P. J., Kumar, V., Selby, A. L., Rankin, D., Hildebrandt, W., Phillips, B. E., …Smith, K. (2017). Enriching a protein drink with leucine augments muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young and older men. Clinical Nutrition, 36(3), 888-895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.04.025

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Maximizing anabolic responses to feeding and exercise is crucial for muscle maintenance and adaptation to exercise training. We hypothesized that enriching a protein drink... Read More about Enriching a protein drink with leucine augments muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young and older men.

Acute cocoa flavanol supplementation improves muscle macro- and microvascular but not anabolic responses to amino acids in older men (2016)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Atherton, P. J., Varadhan, K., Limb, M. C., Williams, J. P., & Smith, K. (in press). Acute cocoa flavanol supplementation improves muscle macro- and microvascular but not anabolic responses to amino acids in older men. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(5), https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0543

The anabolic effects of nutrition on skeletal muscle may depend on adequate skeletal muscle perfusion, which is impaired in older people. Cocoa flavanols have been shown to improve flow-mediated dilation, an established measure of endothelial functio... Read More about Acute cocoa flavanol supplementation improves muscle macro- and microvascular but not anabolic responses to amino acids in older men.

Relative Contribution of Intramyocellular Lipid to Whole-Body Fat Oxidation Is Reduced With Age but Subsarcolemmal Lipid Accumulation and Insulin Resistance Are Only Associated With Overweight Individuals (2016)
Journal Article
Chee, C., Shannon, C. E., Burns, A., Selby, A. L., Wilkinson, D., Smith, K., …Stephens, F. B. (2016). Relative Contribution of Intramyocellular Lipid to Whole-Body Fat Oxidation Is Reduced With Age but Subsarcolemmal Lipid Accumulation and Insulin Resistance Are Only Associated With Overweight Individuals. Diabetes, 65(4), 840-850. https://doi.org/10.2337/db15-1383

© 2016 by the American Diabetes Association. Insulin resistance is closely related to intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) accumulation, and both are associated with increasing age. It remains to be determined to what extent perturbations in IMCL metabolism... Read More about Relative Contribution of Intramyocellular Lipid to Whole-Body Fat Oxidation Is Reduced With Age but Subsarcolemmal Lipid Accumulation and Insulin Resistance Are Only Associated With Overweight Individuals.

Early structural remodeling and deuterium oxide-derived protein metabolic responses to eccentric and concentric loading in human skeletal muscle (2015)
Journal Article
Franchi, M. V., Wilkinson, D. J., Quinlan, J. I., Mitchell, W. K., Lund, J. N., Williams, J. P., …Narici, M. V. (2015). Early structural remodeling and deuterium oxide-derived protein metabolic responses to eccentric and concentric loading in human skeletal muscle. Physiological Reports, 3(11), Article e12593. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12593

We recently reported that the greatest distinguishing feature between eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) muscle loading lays in architectural adaptations: ECC favors increases in fascicle length (Lf), associated with distal vastus lateralis muscle... Read More about Early structural remodeling and deuterium oxide-derived protein metabolic responses to eccentric and concentric loading in human skeletal muscle.

The impact of delivery profile of essential amino acids upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis in older men: clinical efficacy of pulse vs. bolus supply (2015)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Rankin, D., Lund, J. N., Wilkinson, D. J., …Atherton, P. J. (2015). The impact of delivery profile of essential amino acids upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis in older men: clinical efficacy of pulse vs. bolus supply. AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 309(5), Article E450-E457. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00112.2015

Essential amino acids (EAA) are responsible for skeletal muscle anabolic effects after nutrient intake. The pattern of appearance of EAA in blood, e.g., after intake of “slow” or “fast” protein sources or in response to grazing vs. bolus feeding patt... Read More about The impact of delivery profile of essential amino acids upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis in older men: clinical efficacy of pulse vs. bolus supply.

Obesity appears to be associated with altered muscle protein synthetic and breakdown responses to increased nutrient delivery in older men, but not reduced muscle mass or contractile function. (2015)
Journal Article
Murton, A. J., Marimuthu, K., Mallinson, J. E., Selby, A. L., Smith, K., Rennie, M. J., & Greenhaff, P. L. (2015). Obesity appears to be associated with altered muscle protein synthetic and breakdown responses to increased nutrient delivery in older men, but not reduced muscle mass or contractile function. Diabetes, 64(9), https://doi.org/10.2337/db15-0021

Obesity is increasing, yet despite the necessity to maintain muscle mass and function with age, the effect of obesity on muscle protein turnover in older adults remains unknown. Eleven obese (BMI 31.9 ±1.1) and 15 healthy weight (HW; BMI 23.4 ±0.3) o... Read More about Obesity appears to be associated with altered muscle protein synthetic and breakdown responses to increased nutrient delivery in older men, but not reduced muscle mass or contractile function..

Internal comparison between deuterium oxide (D2O) and L-[ring-13C6] phenylalanine for acute measurement of muscle protein synthesis in humans (2015)
Journal Article
Smith, K., Cegielski, J., Wilkinson, D., Phillips, B., Boereboom, C., Lund, J., & Atherton, P. (2015). Internal comparison between deuterium oxide (D2O) and L-[ring-13C6] phenylalanine for acute measurement of muscle protein synthesis in humans. Physiological Reports, 3(7), https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12433

Stable isotope tracer methodologies are becoming increasingly widespread in metabolic research; yet a number of factors restrict their implementation, such as, i.v infusions, multiple cannulae, tissue samples, and significant cost. We recently valida... Read More about Internal comparison between deuterium oxide (D2O) and L-[ring-13C6] phenylalanine for acute measurement of muscle protein synthesis in humans.

The effects of resistance exercise training on macro- and micro-circulatory responses to feeding and skeletal muscle protein anabolism in older men (2015)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Atherton, P. J., Varadhan, K., Limb, M. C., Wilkinson, D. J., Sjøberg, K. A., …Williams, J. P. (2015). The effects of resistance exercise training on macro- and micro-circulatory responses to feeding and skeletal muscle protein anabolism in older men. Journal of Physiology, 593(12), https://doi.org/10.1113/JP270343

The anabolic effects of dietary protein on skeletal muscle depend on adequate skeletal muscle perfusion, which is impaired in older people. This study explores fed state muscle microvascular blood flow, protein metabolism and exercise training status... Read More about The effects of resistance exercise training on macro- and micro-circulatory responses to feeding and skeletal muscle protein anabolism in older men.

Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise (2015)
Journal Article
Bukhari, S. S., Phillips, B. E., Wilkinson, D. J., Limb, M. C., Rankin, D., Mitchell, W. K., …Atherton, P. J. (2015). Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise. AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 308(12), E1056-E1065. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00481.2014

© 2015 American Physiological Society. All Rights Reseved. Dysregulated anabolic responses to nutrition/exercise may contribute to sarcopenia; however, these characteristics are poorly defined in female populations. We determined the effects of two f... Read More about Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise.

Statin myalgia is not associated with reduced muscle strength, mass or protein turnover in older male volunteers, but is allied with a slowing of time to peak power output, insulin resistance and differential muscle mRNA expression: Statin myalgia, muscle function and metabolism (2015)
Journal Article
Selby, A., Murton, A., Mallinson, J. E., Marimuthu, K., Murton, A. J., Selby, A. L., …Greenhaff, P. L. (2015). Statin myalgia is not associated with reduced muscle strength, mass or protein turnover in older male volunteers, but is allied with a slowing of time to peak power output, insulin resistance and differential muscle mRNA expression: Statin myalgia, muscle function and metabolism. Journal of Physiology, 593(5), 1239-1257. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2014.285577

Statins are associated with muscle myalgia and myopathy, which probably reduce habitual physical activity. This is particularly relevant to older people who are less active, sarcopaenic and at increased risk of statin myalgia. We hypothesised that st... Read More about Statin myalgia is not associated with reduced muscle strength, mass or protein turnover in older male volunteers, but is allied with a slowing of time to peak power output, insulin resistance and differential muscle mRNA expression: Statin myalgia, muscle function and metabolism.

Skeletal muscle hypertrophy adaptations predominate in the early stages of resistance exercise training, matching deuterium oxide-derived measures of muscle protein synthesis and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling (2015)
Journal Article
Brook, M. S., Wilkinson, D. J., Mitchell, W. K., Lund, J. N., Szewczyk, N. J., Greenhaff, P. L., …Atherton, P. (2015). Skeletal muscle hypertrophy adaptations predominate in the early stages of resistance exercise training, matching deuterium oxide-derived measures of muscle protein synthesis and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling. FASEB Journal, 29(11), https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.15-273755

A dose- rather than delivery profile-dependent mechanism regulates the "muscle-full" effect in response to oral essential amino acid intake in young men (2014)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Rankin, D., Lund, J. N., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2015). A dose- rather than delivery profile-dependent mechanism regulates the "muscle-full" effect in response to oral essential amino acid intake in young men. Journal of Nutrition, 145(2), https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.199604

Background: The anabolic response of skeletal muscle to essential amino acids (EAAs) is dose dependent, maximal at modest doses, and short lived, even with continued EAA availability, a phenomenon termed “muscle-full.” However, the effect of EAA inge... Read More about A dose- rather than delivery profile-dependent mechanism regulates the "muscle-full" effect in response to oral essential amino acid intake in young men.

Protein Carbonylation and Heat Shock Proteins in Human Skeletal Muscle: Relationships to Age and Sarcopenia (2014)
Journal Article
Beltran Valls, M. R., Wilkinson, D. J., Narici, M. V., Phillips, B. E., Smith, K., Caporossi, D., & Atherton, P. J. (2015). Protein Carbonylation and Heat Shock Proteins in Human Skeletal Muscle: Relationships to Age and Sarcopenia. Journals of Gerontology, Series A, 70(2), 174-181. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glu007

Aging is associated with a gradual loss of muscle mass termed sarcopenia, which has significant impact on quality-of-life. Because oxidative stress is proposed to negatively impact upon musculoskeletal aging, we investigated links between human aging... Read More about Protein Carbonylation and Heat Shock Proteins in Human Skeletal Muscle: Relationships to Age and Sarcopenia.

A validation of the application of D2O stable isotope tracer techniques for monitoring day-to-day changes in muscle protein subfraction synthesis in humans (2013)
Journal Article
Wilkinson, D. J., Franchi, M. V., Brook, M. S., Narici, M. V., Williams, J. P., Mitchell, W. K., …Smith, K. (2014). A validation of the application of D2O stable isotope tracer techniques for monitoring day-to-day changes in muscle protein subfraction synthesis in humans. AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 306(5), Article E571-E579. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00650.2013

Quantification of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) remains a cornerstone for understanding the control of muscle mass. Traditional [13C]amino acid tracer methodologies necessitate sustained bed rest and intravenous cannulation(s), restricting studies t... Read More about A validation of the application of D2O stable isotope tracer techniques for monitoring day-to-day changes in muscle protein subfraction synthesis in humans.

Pharmacological enhancement of leg and muscle microvascular blood flow does not augment anabolic responses in skeletal muscle of young men under fed conditions (2013)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Atherton, P. J., Varadhan, K., Wilkinson, D. J., Limb, M. C., Selby, A. L., …Williams, J. P. (2014). Pharmacological enhancement of leg and muscle microvascular blood flow does not augment anabolic responses in skeletal muscle of young men under fed conditions. AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 306(2), Article E168-E176. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00440.2013

Skeletal muscle anabolism associated with postprandial plasma aminoacidemia and insulinemia is contingent upon amino acids (AA) and insulin crossing the microcirculation-myocyte interface. In this study, we hypothesized that increasing muscle microva... Read More about Pharmacological enhancement of leg and muscle microvascular blood flow does not augment anabolic responses in skeletal muscle of young men under fed conditions.

Development of a new SonovueTM contrast-enhanced ultrasound approach reveals temporal and age-related features of muscle microvascular responses to feeding (2013)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Rankin, D., Smith, K., Lund, J. N., & Atherton, P. J. (2013). Development of a new SonovueTM contrast-enhanced ultrasound approach reveals temporal and age-related features of muscle microvascular responses to feeding. Physiological Reports, 1(5), Article e00119. https://doi.org/10.1002/phy2.119

Compromised limb blood flow in aging may contribute to the development of sarcopenia, frailty, and the metabolic syndrome. We developed a novel contrast-enhanced ultrasound technique using Sonovue™ to characterize muscle microvasculature responses to... Read More about Development of a new SonovueTM contrast-enhanced ultrasound approach reveals temporal and age-related features of muscle microvascular responses to feeding.

Molecular networks of human muscle adaptation to exercise and age (2013)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Gustafsson, T., Bouchard, C., Rankinen, T., Knudsen, S., …Atherton, P. J. (2013). Molecular networks of human muscle adaptation to exercise and age. PLoS Genetics, 9(3), Article e1003389. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003389

Physical activity and molecular ageing presumably interact to precipitate musculoskeletal decline in humans with age. Herein, we have delineated molecular networks for these two major components of sarcopenic risk using multiple independent clinical... Read More about Molecular networks of human muscle adaptation to exercise and age.

Effect of colon cancer and surgical resection on skeletal muscle mitochondrial enzyme activity in colon cancer patients: a pilot study (2012)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Smith, K., Liptrot, S., Atherton, P. J., Varadhan, K., Rennie, M. J., …Williams, J. P. (2013). Effect of colon cancer and surgical resection on skeletal muscle mitochondrial enzyme activity in colon cancer patients: a pilot study. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 4(1), 71-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13539-012-0073-7