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X-ray computed tomography of additively manufactured metal parts: the effect of magnification and reconstruction sampling on surface topography measurement (2017)
Conference Proceeding
Thompson, A., Körner, L., Senin, N., Lawes, S., Leach, R., & Maskery, I. (2017). X-ray computed tomography of additively manufactured metal parts: the effect of magnification and reconstruction sampling on surface topography measurement.

X-ray computed tomography (XCT) has recently become recognised as a viable method of surface topography measurement for additively manufactured (AM) metal parts [1–5]. AM is capable of producing internal features that are inaccessible to other surfac... Read More about X-ray computed tomography of additively manufactured metal parts: the effect of magnification and reconstruction sampling on surface topography measurement.

An industrial survey on the use of surface texture parameters (2017)
Conference Proceeding
Todhunter, L. D., Leach, R., & Lawes, S. D. (2017). An industrial survey on the use of surface texture parameters.

In 1999, CIRP conducted an industrial survey of the use of surface texture parameters [1]. In the seventeen years since, much has changed, with the most important advancement being the introduction of areal surface texture parameters as described in... Read More about An industrial survey on the use of surface texture parameters.

Tolerance on sphere radius for the calibration of the transfer function of coherence scanning interferometry (2017)
Conference Proceeding
Su, R., Coupland, J. M., Wang, Y., & Leach, R. K. (2017). Tolerance on sphere radius for the calibration of the transfer function of coherence scanning interferometry. In P. Lehmann, W. Osten, & A. Albertazzi Gonçalves (Eds.), Proceedings Volume 10329 Optical Measurement Systems for Industrial Inspection X. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2272041

Although coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) commonly achieves a sub-nanometre noise level in surface topography measurement, the absolute accuracy is difficult to determine when measuring a surface that contains varying local slope angles and cu... Read More about Tolerance on sphere radius for the calibration of the transfer function of coherence scanning interferometry.

X-ray computed tomography and additive manufacturing in medicine: a review (2017)
Journal Article
Thompson, A., McNally, D., Maskery, I., & Leach, R. K. (in press). X-ray computed tomography and additive manufacturing in medicine: a review. International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering, 8, Article 17. https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2017015

The use of X-ray computed tomography (XCT) with additive manufacture (AM) within a medical context is examined in this review. The seven AM process families and various XCT scanning techniques are explained in brief, and the use of these technologies... Read More about X-ray computed tomography and additive manufacturing in medicine: a review.

An analysis of type F2 software measurement standards for profile surface texture parameters (2017)
Journal Article
Todhunter, L. D., Leach, R. K., Lawes, S., & Blateyron, F. (2017). An analysis of type F2 software measurement standards for profile surface texture parameters. Measurement Science and Technology, 28(6), Article 065017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aa6924

This paper reports on an in-depth analysis of ISO 5436 part 2 type F2 reference software for the calculation of profile surface texture parameters that has been performed on the input, implementation and output results of the reference software devel... Read More about An analysis of type F2 software measurement standards for profile surface texture parameters.

Topography of selectively laser melted surfaces: A comparison of different measurement methods (2017)
Journal Article
Thompson, A., Senin, N., Giusca, C. L., & Leach, R. K. (2017). Topography of selectively laser melted surfaces: A comparison of different measurement methods. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 66(1), 543-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2017.04.075

Selective laser melting (SLM) of metals produces surface topographies that are challenging to measure. Multiple areal surface topography measurement technologies are available, which allow reconstruction of information rich, three-dimensional digital... Read More about Topography of selectively laser melted surfaces: A comparison of different measurement methods.

Verification of micro-scale photogrammetry for smooth three-dimensional object measurement (2017)
Journal Article
Sims-Waterhouse, D., Piano, S., & Leach, R. (2017). Verification of micro-scale photogrammetry for smooth three-dimensional object measurement. Measurement Science and Technology, 28(5), Article 055010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aa6364

© 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd. By using sub-millimetre laser speckle pattern projection we show that photogrammetry systems are able to measure smooth three-dimensional objects with surface height deviations less than 1 μm. The projection of laser speckl... Read More about Verification of micro-scale photogrammetry for smooth three-dimensional object measurement.

Optical difference engine for defect inspection in highly-parallel manufacturing processes (2017)
Conference Proceeding
Feng, X., Su, R., Liu, M., & Leach, R. K. (2017). Optical difference engine for defect inspection in highly-parallel manufacturing processes.

Traditional defect inspection for highly-parallel manufacturing processes requires the processing of large measurement datasets, which is often not fast enough for in-situ inspection of large areas with high resolution. This study develops an all-opt... Read More about Optical difference engine for defect inspection in highly-parallel manufacturing processes.

On tilt and curvature dependent errors and the calibration of coherence scanning interferometry (2017)
Journal Article
Su, R., Wang, Y., Coupland, J., & Leach, R. K. (in press). On tilt and curvature dependent errors and the calibration of coherence scanning interferometry. Optics Express, 25(4), https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.003297

Although coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) is capable of measuring surface topography with sub-nanometre precision, it is well known that the performance of measuring instruments depends strongly on the local tilt and curvature of the sample su... Read More about On tilt and curvature dependent errors and the calibration of coherence scanning interferometry.

Combined inkjet printing and infrared sintering of silver nanoparticles using a swathe-by-swathe and layer-by-layer approach for 3-dimensional structures (2017)
Journal Article
Vaithilingam, J., Simonelli, M., Saleh, E., Senin, N., Wildman, R. D., Hague, R. J. M., …Tuck, C. J. (2017). Combined inkjet printing and infrared sintering of silver nanoparticles using a swathe-by-swathe and layer-by-layer approach for 3-dimensional structures. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 9(7), 6560-6570. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b14787

Despite the advancement of additive manufacturing (AM)/3-dimensional (3D) printing, single-step fabrication of multifunctional parts using AM is limited. With the view of enabling multifunctional AM (MFAM), in this study, sintering of metal nanoparti... Read More about Combined inkjet printing and infrared sintering of silver nanoparticles using a swathe-by-swathe and layer-by-layer approach for 3-dimensional structures.

Aerial wetting contact angle measurement using confocal microscopy (2016)
Journal Article
Chesna, J. W., Wiedmaier, B. F., Wang, J., Samara, A., Leach, R. K., Her, T., & Smith, S. T. (in press). Aerial wetting contact angle measurement using confocal microscopy. Measurement Science and Technology, 27(12), https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/27/12/125202

A method is presented in which the wetting contact angle of a sessile drop is acquired aerially using confocal techniques to measure the radius and the height of a droplet deposited on a planar surface. The repeatability of this method is typically l... Read More about Aerial wetting contact angle measurement using confocal microscopy.

Assessing the capability of in-situ nondestructive analysis during layer based additive manufacture (2016)
Journal Article
Hirsch, M., Patel, R., Li, W., Guan, G., Leach, R. K., Sharples, S. D., & Clare, A. T. (2017). Assessing the capability of in-situ nondestructive analysis during layer based additive manufacture. Additive Manufacturing, 13, 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2016.10.004

Unlike more established subtractive or constant volume manufacturing technologies, additive manufacturing methods suffer from a lack of in-situ monitoring methodologies which can provide informationrelating to process performance and the formation of... Read More about Assessing the capability of in-situ nondestructive analysis during layer based additive manufacture.

Shape descriptors and statistical classification on areal topography data for tile inspection in tessellated surfaces (2016)
Journal Article
Senin, N., Moretti, M., & Leach, R. K. (2017). Shape descriptors and statistical classification on areal topography data for tile inspection in tessellated surfaces. Measurement, 95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2016.09.044

Verification of conformance to design specifications in production, and identification of defects related to wear or other damage during maintenance, are key metrological aspects that must be addressed for micro-scale tessellated surfaces. A new algo... Read More about Shape descriptors and statistical classification on areal topography data for tile inspection in tessellated surfaces.

Study of weighted fusion methods for the measurement of surface geometry (2016)
Journal Article
Wang, J., Pagani, L., Leach, R. K., Zeng, W., Colosimo, B. M., & Zhou, L. (2017). Study of weighted fusion methods for the measurement of surface geometry. Precision Engineering, 47, 111-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2016.07.012

© 2016 Elsevier Inc. Four types of weighted fusion methods, including pixel-level, least-squares, parametrical and non-parametrical, have been classified and theoretically analysed in this study. In particular, the uncertainty propagation of the weig... Read More about Study of weighted fusion methods for the measurement of surface geometry.

Quadrature wavelength scanning interferometry (2016)
Journal Article
Moschetti, G., Forbes, A., Leach, R. K., Jiang, X., & O’Connor, D. (2016). Quadrature wavelength scanning interferometry. Applied Optics, 55(20), 5332-5340. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.55.005332

A novel method to double the measurement range of wavelength scanning interferometry (WSI) is described. In WSI the measured optical path difference (OPD) is affected by a sign ambiguity, i.e. from an interference signal it is not possible to disting... Read More about Quadrature wavelength scanning interferometry.

Loose powder detection and surface characterization in selective laser sintering via optical coherence tomography (2016)
Journal Article
Guan, G., Hirsch, M., Syam, W. P., Leach, R. K., Huang, Z., & Clare, A. T. (2016). Loose powder detection and surface characterization in selective laser sintering via optical coherence tomography. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 472(2191), Article 20160201. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0201

Defects produced during selective laser sintering (SLS) are difficult to non-destructively detect after build completion without the use of X-ray-based methods. Overcoming this issue by assessing integrity on a layer-by-layer basis has become an area... Read More about Loose powder detection and surface characterization in selective laser sintering via optical coherence tomography.