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What drives the 'August effect'?: an observational study of the effect of junior doctor changeover on out of hours work (2013)
Journal Article
Blakey, J., Fearn, A., & Shaw, D. E. (2013). What drives the 'August effect'?: an observational study of the effect of junior doctor changeover on out of hours work. JRSM Short Reports, 4(8), https://doi.org/10.1177/2042533313489823

Objective: To investigate whether measurements of junior doctor on-call workload and performance can clarify the mechanisms underlying the increase in morbidity and mortality seen after junior doctor changeover: the ‘August effect’. Design: Quanti... Read More about What drives the 'August effect'?: an observational study of the effect of junior doctor changeover on out of hours work.

Short-acting ?-agonist use as a marker of current asthma control (2013)
Journal Article
Patel, M., Pilcher, J., Munro, C., Hosking, A., Pritchard, A., Shaw, D., …Beasley, R. (in press). Short-acting β-agonist use as a marker of current asthma control. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 1(4), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2013.04.008

Background The relationship between current asthma symptoms and rescue bronchodilator (reliever) use is uncertain, leading to different recommendations about the preferred reliever metric to use when assessing asthma control. In a 6-month randomiz... Read More about Short-acting ?-agonist use as a marker of current asthma control.

Efficacy and safety of maintenance and reliever combination budesonide–formoterol inhaler in patients with asthma at risk of severe exacerbations: a randomised controlled trial (2013)
Journal Article
Patel, M., Pilcher, J., Pritchard, A., Perrin, K., Travers, J., Shaw, D., …Beasley, R. (2013). Efficacy and safety of maintenance and reliever combination budesonide–formoterol inhaler in patients with asthma at risk of severe exacerbations: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 1(1), 32-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600%2813%2970007-9

Background The Single combination budesonide–formoterol inhaler Maintenance And Reliever Therapy (SMART) regimen reduces severe asthma exacerbations in patients, but whether the high doses of corticosteroid and β agonist increase the risk of adverse... Read More about Efficacy and safety of maintenance and reliever combination budesonide–formoterol inhaler in patients with asthma at risk of severe exacerbations: a randomised controlled trial.

Target renal damage: the microvascular associations of increased aortic stiffness in patients with COPD (2013)
Journal Article
John, M., Hussain, S., Prayle, A., Simms, R., Cockroft, J. R., & Bolton, C. E. (2013). Target renal damage: the microvascular associations of increased aortic stiffness in patients with COPD. Respiratory Research, 14(31), https://doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-14-31

Background Although renal impairment has been described in COPD, there is opportunity to evaluate further to determine nature and consider optimal management. Increased aortic stiffness, as seen in COPD, leads to reduced buffering of pulsatile flow.... Read More about Target renal damage: the microvascular associations of increased aortic stiffness in patients with COPD.

Use of metered-dose inhaler electronic monitoring in a real-world asthma randomized controlled trial (2012)
Journal Article
Patel, M., Pilcher, J., Travers, J., Perrin, K., Shaw, D., Black, P., …Beasley, R. (2013). Use of metered-dose inhaler electronic monitoring in a real-world asthma randomized controlled trial. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 1(1), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2012.08.004

Background Electronic monitoring of inhaled asthma medications is one method to measure medication adherence and patterns of use. Information on the performance of monitors in a randomized controlled trial allows researchers and clinicians to unde... Read More about Use of metered-dose inhaler electronic monitoring in a real-world asthma randomized controlled trial.

Measures of body habitus are associated with lung function in adults with cystic fibrosis: a population-based study (2012)
Journal Article
Forrester, D. L., Knox, A. J., Smyth, A. R., & Fogarty, A. W. (2013). Measures of body habitus are associated with lung function in adults with cystic fibrosis: a population-based study. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 12(3), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2012.08.008

Background Body habitus differences may explain some of the variation in lung function between individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). We tested the hypothesis that measures of lean muscle mass and obesity are independently associated with lung funct... Read More about Measures of body habitus are associated with lung function in adults with cystic fibrosis: a population-based study.

Epigenetics and miRNA emerge as key regulators of smooth muscle cell phenotype and function (2012)
Journal Article
Clifford, R. L., Singer, C. A., & John, A. E. (2013). Epigenetics and miRNA emerge as key regulators of smooth muscle cell phenotype and function. Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 26(1), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2012.07.002

Regulation of phenotypic plasticity in smooth muscle requires an understanding of the mechanisms regulating phenotype-specific genes and the processes dysregulated during pathogenesis. Decades of study in airway smooth muscle has provided extensive k... Read More about Epigenetics and miRNA emerge as key regulators of smooth muscle cell phenotype and function.

Abnormal Histone Methylation Is Responsible for Increased Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 165a Secretion from Airway Smooth Muscle Cells in Asthma (2012)
Journal Article
Clifford, R. L., John, A. E., Brightling, C. E., & Knox, A. J. (2012). Abnormal Histone Methylation Is Responsible for Increased Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 165a Secretion from Airway Smooth Muscle Cells in Asthma. Journal of Immunology, 189(2), 819-831. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1103641

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key angiogenic molecule, is aberrantly expressed in several diseases including asthma where it contributes to bronchial vascular remodeling and chronic inflammation. Asthmatic human airway smooth muscle ce... Read More about Abnormal Histone Methylation Is Responsible for Increased Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 165a Secretion from Airway Smooth Muscle Cells in Asthma.

Transcriptional Regulation of Inflammatory Genes Associated with Severe Asthma (2011)
Journal Article
L. Clifford, R., R. Coward, W., J. Knox, A., & E. John, A. (2011). Transcriptional Regulation of Inflammatory Genes Associated with Severe Asthma. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 17(7), 653-666. https://doi.org/10.2174/138161211795429000

The 10% of patients with the most severe asthma are responsible for a large part of healthcare expenditure and morbidity. Understanding the processes involved is key if new therapeutic approaches are to be developed. Evidence is accumulating that chr... Read More about Transcriptional Regulation of Inflammatory Genes Associated with Severe Asthma.

TNF and IFN  Synergistically Enhance Transcriptional Activation of CXCL10 in Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells via STAT-1, NF- B, and the Transcriptional Coactivator CREB-binding Protein (2010)
Journal Article
Clarke, D. L., Clifford, R. L., Jindarat, S., Proud, D., Pang, L., Belvisi, M., & Knox, A. J. (2010). TNF and IFN  Synergistically Enhance Transcriptional Activation of CXCL10 in Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells via STAT-1, NF- B, and the Transcriptional Coactivator CREB-binding Protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285(38), 29101-29110. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109.0999952

Asthmatic airway smooth muscle (ASM) expresses interferon-?-inducible protein-10 (CXCL10), a chemokine known to mediate mast cell migration into ASM bundles that has been reported in the airways of asthmatic patients. CXCL10 is elevated in patients s... Read More about TNF and IFN  Synergistically Enhance Transcriptional Activation of CXCL10 in Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells via STAT-1, NF- B, and the Transcriptional Coactivator CREB-binding Protein.

Garlic as an inhibitor of pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing in cystic fibrosis - A pilot randomized controlled trial (2010)
Journal Article
Smyth, A. R., Cifelli, P. M., Ortori, C. A., Righetti, K., Lewis, S., Erskine, P., …Knox, A. (2010). Garlic as an inhibitor of pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing in cystic fibrosis - A pilot randomized controlled trial. Pediatric Pulmonology, 45(4), 356-362. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.21193

Pseudomonas aeruginosa forms biofilms in the cystic fibrosis lung. Quorum sensing (QS) controls biofilm maturation, immune evasion, antibiotic tolerance and virulence factor production. Garlic shows QS inhibitory activity in vitro and in animal model... Read More about Garlic as an inhibitor of pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing in cystic fibrosis - A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Vitamin D - a new treatment for airway remodelling in asthma? (2009)
Journal Article
Clifford, R. L., & Knox, A. J. (2009). Vitamin D - a new treatment for airway remodelling in asthma?. British Journal of Pharmacology, 158(6), 1426-1428. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00429.x

Increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass plays a critical role in chronic asthmatic airway remodelling. ASM cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia are likely to contribute to increased ASM mass and a variety of mitogens induce ASM proliferation in cell cu... Read More about Vitamin D - a new treatment for airway remodelling in asthma?.

Novel Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) by Transforming Growth Factor ?1: REQUIREMENT FOR Smads,?-CATENIN, AND GSK3? (2008)
Journal Article
Clifford, R. L., Deacon, K., & Knox, A. J. (2008). Novel Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) by Transforming Growth Factor ?1: REQUIREMENT FOR Smads,?-CATENIN, AND GSK3?. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283(51), 35337-35353. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m803342200

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a vital angiogenic effector, regulating key angiogenic processes. Vascular development relies on numerous signaling pathways, of which those induced by transforming growth factor-? (TGF?) are critical. The... Read More about Novel Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) by Transforming Growth Factor ?1: REQUIREMENT FOR Smads,?-CATENIN, AND GSK3?.

Vascular endothelial growth factor induction by prostaglandin E2 in human airway smooth muscle cells is mediated by E prostanoid EP 2/EP4 receptors and SP-1 transcription factor binding sites (2005)
Journal Article
Bradbury, D., Clarke, D., Seedhouse, C., Corbettt, L., Stocks, J., & Knox, A. (2005). Vascular endothelial growth factor induction by prostaglandin E2 in human airway smooth muscle cells is mediated by E prostanoid EP 2/EP4 receptors and SP-1 transcription factor binding sites. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 280(34), 29993-30000. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M414530200

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can increase vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) production but the mechanisms involved are unclear. Here we characterized the transcriptional mechanisms involved in human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMC). PGE2 inc... Read More about Vascular endothelial growth factor induction by prostaglandin E2 in human airway smooth muscle cells is mediated by E prostanoid EP 2/EP4 receptors and SP-1 transcription factor binding sites.