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All Outputs (113)

Exploring gastrointestinal variables affecting drug and formulation behavior: methodologies, challenges and opportunities (2016)
Journal Article
Hens, B., Corsetti, M., Spiller, R. C., Marciani, L., Vanuytsel, T., Tack, J., Talattof, A., Amidon, G. L., Koziolek, M., Weitschies, W., Wilson, C. G., Bennink, R. J., Brouwers, J., & Augustijns, P. (2017). Exploring gastrointestinal variables affecting drug and formulation behavior: methodologies, challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 519(1-2), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.063

Various gastrointestinal (GI) factors affect drug and formulation behavior after oral administration, including GI transfer, motility, pH and GI fluid volume and composition. An in-depth understanding of these physiological and anatomical variables i... Read More about Exploring gastrointestinal variables affecting drug and formulation behavior: methodologies, challenges and opportunities.

Colon hypersensitivity to distension, rather than excessive gas production, produces carbohydrate-related symptoms in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (2016)
Journal Article
Major, G., Pritchard, S. E., Murray, K., Alappadan, J. P., Hoad, C., Marciani, L., Gowland, P. A., & Spiller, R. C. (2017). Colon hypersensitivity to distension, rather than excessive gas production, produces carbohydrate-related symptoms in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology, 152(1), 124-133.e2. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.09.062

Background & Aims: Poorly digested, fermentable carbohydrates may induce symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), via unclear mechanisms. We performed a randomized trial with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis to investigate correlations be... Read More about Colon hypersensitivity to distension, rather than excessive gas production, produces carbohydrate-related symptoms in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome.

Increased liver fat and glycogen stores after consumption of high versus low glycaemic index food: a randomized crossover study (2016)
Journal Article
Bawden, S., Stephenson, M., Falcone, Y., Lingaya, M., Ciampi, E., Hunter, K., Bligh, F., Schirra, J., Taylor, M., Morris, P., MacDonald, I. A., Gowland, P., Marciani, L., & Aithal, G. P. (2017). Increased liver fat and glycogen stores after consumption of high versus low glycaemic index food: a randomized crossover study. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 19(1), 70-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12784

Aim: To investigate the acute and longer-term effects of low (LGI) versus high glycaemic index (HGI) diets on hepatic fat and glycogen accumulation and related blood measures in healthy volunteers.

Methods: Eight healthy men (age 20.1 � 0.4 years,... Read More about Increased liver fat and glycogen stores after consumption of high versus low glycaemic index food: a randomized crossover study.

Prior consumption of a fat meal in healthy adults modulates the brain’s response to fat (2016)
Journal Article
Eldeghaidy, S., Marciani, L., Hort, J., Hollowood, T. A., Singh, G., Bush, D., Foster, T., Taylor, A. J., Busch, J., Spiller, R. C., Gowland, P. A., & Francis, S. T. (2016). Prior consumption of a fat meal in healthy adults modulates the brain’s response to fat. Journal of Nutrition, 146(11), 2187-2198. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.234104

Background: Consumption of fat is regulated by reward and homeostatic pathways, but no studies have examined the role of the intake of a high fat meal (HFM) on subsequent brain activation to oral stimuli.
Objective: We evaluated how prior consumptio... Read More about Prior consumption of a fat meal in healthy adults modulates the brain’s response to fat.

Patients with chronic kidney disease have abnormal upper gastro-intestinal tract digestive function: a study of uremic enteropathy: small bowel dysfunction in CKD (2016)
Journal Article
Grant, C. J., Harrison, L. E., Hoad, C. L., Marciani, L., Gowland, P. A., & McIntyre, C. W. (2017). Patients with chronic kidney disease have abnormal upper gastro-intestinal tract digestive function: a study of uremic enteropathy: small bowel dysfunction in CKD. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 32(2), 372-377. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13458

Background and Aim: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects gastrointestinal (GI) function and results in numerous adaptive and maladaptive responses. Disruption of the colonic microbiome and its attendant consequences—the loss of gut barrier integrity... Read More about Patients with chronic kidney disease have abnormal upper gastro-intestinal tract digestive function: a study of uremic enteropathy: small bowel dysfunction in CKD.

Corticotrophin releasing factor increases ascending colon volume after a fructose test meal in healthy humans: a randomised control trial (2016)
Journal Article
Murray, K., Lam, C., Rehman, S., Marciani, L., Costigan, C., Hoad, C., Lingaya, M., Banwait, R., Bawden, S., Gowland, P. A., & Spiller, R. C. (2016). Corticotrophin releasing factor increases ascending colon volume after a fructose test meal in healthy humans: a randomised control trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 103(5), https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.125047

Background: Poorly absorbed, fermentable carbohydrates can provoke irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms by escaping absorption in the small bowel and being rapidly fermented in the colon in some susceptible subjects. IBS patients are often anxious... Read More about Corticotrophin releasing factor increases ascending colon volume after a fructose test meal in healthy humans: a randomised control trial.

Anticipation of thermal pain in diverticular disease (2016)
Journal Article
Smith, J. K., Marciani, L., Humes, D. J., Francis, S. T., Gowland, P. A., & Spiller, R. C. (2016). Anticipation of thermal pain in diverticular disease. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 28(6), https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12790

Background
The relative importance of peripheral nerve injury or differences in central pain processing in painful diverticular disease (DD) is unclear. Functional MRI has demonstrated changes in the anticipation of pain in irritable bowel syndrom... Read More about Anticipation of thermal pain in diverticular disease.

Effects of Bolus and Continuous Nasogastric Feeding on Gastric Emptying, Small Bowel Water Content, Superior Mesenteric Artery Blood Flow, and Plasma Hormone Concentrations in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study (2016)
Journal Article
Chowdhury, A. H., Murray, K., Hoad, C. L., Costigan, C., Marciani, L., MacDonald, I. A., Bowling, T. E., & Lobo, D. N. (2016). Effects of Bolus and Continuous Nasogastric Feeding on Gastric Emptying, Small Bowel Water Content, Superior Mesenteric Artery Blood Flow, and Plasma Hormone Concentrations in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study. Annals of Surgery, 263(3), 450-457. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000001110


Objective: We aimed to demonstrate the effect of continuous or bolus nasogastric feeding on gastric emptying, small bowel water content, and splanchnic blood flow measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the context of changes in plasma gast... Read More about Effects of Bolus and Continuous Nasogastric Feeding on Gastric Emptying, Small Bowel Water Content, Superior Mesenteric Artery Blood Flow, and Plasma Hormone Concentrations in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study.

Colonic response to laxative ingestion as assessed by MRI differs in constipated irritable bowel syndrome compared to functional constipation (2016)
Journal Article
Lam, C., Chaddock, G., Marciani, L., Costigan, C., Paul, J., Cox, E., Hoad, C., Menys, A., Pritchard, S. E., Garsed, K., Taylor, S., Atkinson, D., Gowland, P. A., & Spiller, R. C. (2016). Colonic response to laxative ingestion as assessed by MRI differs in constipated irritable bowel syndrome compared to functional constipation. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 28(6), https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12784

Background

Functional constipation (FC) and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) share many symptoms but underlying mechanisms may be different. We have developed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to measure intestinal vol... Read More about Colonic response to laxative ingestion as assessed by MRI differs in constipated irritable bowel syndrome compared to functional constipation.

Development and validation of a large, modular test meal with liquid and solid components for assessment of gastric motor and sensory function by non-invasive imaging (2016)
Journal Article
Parker, H. L., Tucker, E., Hoad, C., Pal, A., Costigan, C., Hudders, N., Perkins, A., Blackshaw, E., Gowland, P., Marciani, L., & Fox, M. R. (2016). Development and validation of a large, modular test meal with liquid and solid components for assessment of gastric motor and sensory function by non-invasive imaging. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 28(4), 554-568. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12752

Background: Current investigations of stomach function are based on small test meals that do not reliably induce symptoms and analysis techniques that rarely detect clinically relevant dysfunction. This study introduces the large ‘Nottingham Test Mea... Read More about Development and validation of a large, modular test meal with liquid and solid components for assessment of gastric motor and sensory function by non-invasive imaging.

Colon wall motility: comparison of novel quantitative semi-automatic measurements using cine MRI (2015)
Journal Article
Hoad, C., Menys, A., Garsed, K., Marciani, L., Hamy, V., Murray, K., Costigan, C., Atkinson, D., Major, G., Spiller, R. C., Taylor, S., & Gowland, P. A. (2016). Colon wall motility: comparison of novel quantitative semi-automatic measurements using cine MRI. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 28(3), 327-335. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12727

Background

Recently, cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown promise for visualizing movement of the colonic wall, although assessment of data has been subjective and observer dependent. This study aimed to develop an objective and semi-au... Read More about Colon wall motility: comparison of novel quantitative semi-automatic measurements using cine MRI.

Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of gastrointestinal motor function and fluid distribution (2015)
Journal Article
Khalaf, A., Hoad, C., Spiller, R. C., Gowland, P. A., Moran, G. W., & Marciani, L. (2015). Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of gastrointestinal motor function and fluid distribution. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, 6(4), https://doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.140

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a well established technique that has revolutionized diagnostic radiology. Until recently, the impact that MRI has had in the assessment of gastrointestinal motor function and bowel fluid distribution in health and... Read More about Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of gastrointestinal motor function and fluid distribution.

Fat emulsion intragastric stability and droplet size modulate gastrointestinal responses and subsequent food intake in young adults (2015)
Journal Article
Hussein, M., Hoad, C., Wright, J., Singh, G., Stephenson, M., Cox, E., Placidi, E., Pritchard, S., Costigan, C., Ribeiro, H., Ciampi, E., Nandi, A., Hedges, N., Sanderson, P., Peters, H., Rayment, P., Spiller, R., Gowland, P., & Marciani, L. (2015). Fat emulsion intragastric stability and droplet size modulate gastrointestinal responses and subsequent food intake in young adults. Journal of Nutrition, 145(6), 1170-1177. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.204339

Background: Intragastric creaming and droplet size of fat emulsions may affect intragastric behavior and gastrointestinal and satiety responses.

Objectives: We tested the hypotheses that gastrointestinal physiologic responses and satiety will be i... Read More about Fat emulsion intragastric stability and droplet size modulate gastrointestinal responses and subsequent food intake in young adults.

A study of T1 relaxation time as a measure of liver fibrosis and the influence of confounding histological factors (2015)
Journal Article
Hoad, C. L., Palaniyappan, N., Kaye, P., Chernova, Y., James, M. W., Costigan, C., Austin, A., Marciani, L., Gowland, P. A., Guha, I. N., Francis, S., & Aithal, G. P. (2015). A study of T1 relaxation time as a measure of liver fibrosis and the influence of confounding histological factors. NMR in Biomedicine, 28(6), 706-714. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.3299

Liver biopsy is the standard test for the assessment of fibrosis in liver tissue of patients with chronic liver disease. Recent studies have used a non‐invasive measure of T1 relaxation time to estimate the degree of fibrosis in a single slice of the... Read More about A study of T1 relaxation time as a measure of liver fibrosis and the influence of confounding histological factors.

Investigating the effects of an oral fructose challenge on hepatic ATP reserves in healthy volunteers: a 31P MRS study (2015)
Journal Article
Bawden, S., Stephenson, M., Ciampi, E., Hunter, K., Marciani, L., MacDonald, I. A., Aithal, G. P., Morris, P., & Gowland, P. A. (in press). Investigating the effects of an oral fructose challenge on hepatic ATP reserves in healthy volunteers: a 31P MRS study. Clinical Nutrition, 35(3), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2015.04.001

Background: Impaired homeostasis of hepatic ATP has been associated with NAFLD. An intravenous fructose infusion has been shown to be an effective challenge to monitor the depletion and subsequent recovery of hepatic ATP reserves using 31P MRS.
Aims... Read More about Investigating the effects of an oral fructose challenge on hepatic ATP reserves in healthy volunteers: a 31P MRS study.

Aerated drinks increase gastric volume and reduce appetite as assessed by MRI: a randomized, balanced, crossover trial (2015)
Journal Article
Murray, K., Placidi, E., Schuring, E. A. H., Hoad, C. L., Koppenol, W., Arnaudov, L. N., Blom, W. A. M., Pritchard, S. E., Stoyanov, S. D., Gowland, P. A., Spiller, R. C., Peters, H. P. F., & Marciani, L. (2015). Aerated drinks increase gastric volume and reduce appetite as assessed by MRI: a randomized, balanced, crossover trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 101(2), 270-278. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.096974

Measurement of gastric meal and secretion volumes using magnetic resonance imaging (2015)
Journal Article
Hoad, C., Parker, H., Hudders, N., Costigan, C., Cox, E., Perkins, A., Blackshaw, P., Marciani, L., Spiller, R., Fox, M., & Gowland, P. (2015). Measurement of gastric meal and secretion volumes using magnetic resonance imaging. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 60(3), 1367-1383. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/60/3/1367

MRI can assess multiple gastric functions without ionizing radiation. However, time consuming image acquisition and analysis of gastric volume data, plus confounding of gastric emptying measurements by gastric secretions mixed with the test meal have... Read More about Measurement of gastric meal and secretion volumes using magnetic resonance imaging.