All Outputs (102)

Relative age within the school year and diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide population-based study (2017)
Journal Article
Sayal, K., Chudal, R., Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki, S., Joelsson, P., & Sourander, A. (in press). Relative age within the school year and diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide population-based study. Lancet Psychiatry, 4(11), https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366%2817%2930394-2

Background

There are mixed findings on the relationship between ADHD and younger relative age in class. This study examines whether relative age is associated with ADHD diagnosis in a country where treatment prevalence rates are low and whether an... Read More about Relative age within the school year and diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide population-based study.

ADHD in children and young people: prevalence, care pathways & service provision (2017)
Journal Article
Sayal, K., Prasad, V., Daley, D., Ford, T., & Coghill, D. (in press). ADHD in children and young people: prevalence, care pathways & service provision. Lancet Psychiatry, 5(2), https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366%2817%2930167-0

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood behavioural disorder – systematic reviews indicate that the community prevalence of ADHD globally is between 2% to 7%, with an average of around 5%. In addition, a further 5% of ch... Read More about ADHD in children and young people: prevalence, care pathways & service provision.

Experience of self-harm and its treatment in looked-after young people: an interpretative phenomenological analysis (2017)
Journal Article
Wadman, R., Armstrong, M., Clarke, D., Harroe, C., Majumder, P., Sayal, K., Vostanis, P., & Townsend, E. (in press). Experience of self-harm and its treatment in looked-after young people: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Archives of Suicide Research, 22(3), https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2017.1355286

Objectives: We report the first Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis examination of self-harm and experience of clinical services in young people in the public care system. Methods: Qualitative interviews with 24 looked-after young people. Result... Read More about Experience of self-harm and its treatment in looked-after young people: an interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Association of Risk of Suicide Attempts With Methylphenidate Treatment (2017)
Journal Article
Man, K. K., Coghill, D., Chan, E. W., Lau, W. C., Hollis, C., Liddle, E., Banaschewski, T., McCarthy, S., Neubert, A., Sayal, K., Ip, P., Schuemie, M. J., Sturkenboom, M., Sonuga-Barke, E., Buitelaar, J., Carucci, S., Zuddas, A., Kovshoff, H., Garas, P., Nagy, P., …Wong, I. C. (2017). Association of Risk of Suicide Attempts With Methylphenidate Treatment. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(10), 1048-1055. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2183

IMPORTANCE Patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at an increased risk of attempting suicide. Stimulants, such as methylphenidate hydrochloride, are the most common treatment for ADHD, but the association between their ther... Read More about Association of Risk of Suicide Attempts With Methylphenidate Treatment.

A sequence analysis of patterns in self-harm in young people with and without experience of being looked-after in care (2017)
Journal Article
Wadman, R., Clarke, D., Sayal, K., Armstrong, M., Harroe, C., Majumder, P., Vostanis, P., & Townsend, E. (2017). A sequence analysis of patterns in self-harm in young people with and without experience of being looked-after in care. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56(4), 388-407. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12145

Objectives: Young people in the public care system (‘looked-after’ young people) have high levels of self-harm. Design: This paper reports the first detailed study of factors leading to self-harm over time in looked-after young people in England, usi... Read More about A sequence analysis of patterns in self-harm in young people with and without experience of being looked-after in care.

Functional coping dynamics and experiential avoidance in a community sample with no self-injury vs. non-suicidal self-injury only vs. those with both non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behaviour (2017)
Journal Article
Nielsen, E., Sayal, K., & Townsend, E. (2017). Functional coping dynamics and experiential avoidance in a community sample with no self-injury vs. non-suicidal self-injury only vs. those with both non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behaviour. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(6), Article 575. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060575

Although emotional avoidance may be a critical factor in the pathway from psychological distress to self-injury and/or suicidality, little is known about the relative importance of differing functional coping dynamics and experiential avoidance betwe... Read More about Functional coping dynamics and experiential avoidance in a community sample with no self-injury vs. non-suicidal self-injury only vs. those with both non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behaviour.

Study of user-experience of an objective test (QbTest) to aid ADHD assessment and medication management: a multi-methods approach (2017)
Journal Article
Hall, C. L., Valentine, A., Walker, G. M., Ball, H. M., Cogger, H., Daley, D., Groom, M. J., Sayal, K., & Hollis, C. (2017). Study of user-experience of an objective test (QbTest) to aid ADHD assessment and medication management: a multi-methods approach. BMC Psychiatry, 17, Article 66. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1222-5

Background

The diagnosis and monitoring of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) typically relies on subjective reports and observations. Objective continuous performance tests (CPTs) have been incorporated into some services to support... Read More about Study of user-experience of an objective test (QbTest) to aid ADHD assessment and medication management: a multi-methods approach.

Methylphenidate and the risk of psychotic disorders and hallucinations in children and adolescents in a large health system (2016)
Journal Article
Man, K. K., Coghill, D., Chan, E. W., Lau, W. C., Hollis, C., Liddle, E., Banschewski, T., McCarthy, S., Neuberg, A., Sayal, K., Ip, P., & Wong, I. C. (in press). Methylphenidate and the risk of psychotic disorders and hallucinations in children and adolescents in a large health system. Translational Psychiatry, 6, Article e956. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2016.216

Previous studies have suggested that risk of psychotic events may be increased in children exposed to methylphenidate (MPH). However, this risk has not been fully examined and the possibility of confounding factors has not been excluded. Patients age... Read More about Methylphenidate and the risk of psychotic disorders and hallucinations in children and adolescents in a large health system.

Impulsivity and self-harm in adolescence: a systematic review (2016)
Journal Article
Lockwood, J., Daley, D., Townsend, E., & Sayal, K. (2017). Impulsivity and self-harm in adolescence: a systematic review. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(4), 387-402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-016-0915-5

Research supports an association between impulsivity and self-harm, yet inconsistencies in methodology across studies have complicated understanding of this relationship. This systematic review examines the association between impulsivity and self-ha... Read More about Impulsivity and self-harm in adolescence: a systematic review.

Dealing with difficult days: functional coping dynamics in self-harm ideation and enactment (2016)
Journal Article
Nielsen, E., Sayal, K., & Townsend, E. (2017). Dealing with difficult days: functional coping dynamics in self-harm ideation and enactment. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.036

Background: Self-harm affords people a means of coping. However, little is known about how functional coping dynamics differ between stressful situations in which people self-harm (enactment), think about harming (ideation), or experience no self-har... Read More about Dealing with difficult days: functional coping dynamics in self-harm ideation and enactment.

Differing patterns in intentional and unintentional poisonings among young people in England, 1998-2014: a population based cohort study (2016)
Journal Article
Tyrrell, E. G., Orton, E., Sayal, K., Baker, R., & Kendrick, D. (2017). Differing patterns in intentional and unintentional poisonings among young people in England, 1998-2014: a population based cohort study. Journal of Public Health, 39(2), Article e1-e9. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdw075

Background Accurate and up to date data on changes in poisoning incidence among young people are lacking. Recent linkage of UK primary care, hospital and mortality data allows these to be quantified to inform service delivery.

Methods An open coh... Read More about Differing patterns in intentional and unintentional poisonings among young people in England, 1998-2014: a population based cohort study.

Exploring the relationship between experiential avoidance, coping functions and the recency and frequency of self-harm (2016)
Journal Article
Schmahl, C., Nielsen, E., Sayal, K., & Townsend, E. (2016). Exploring the relationship between experiential avoidance, coping functions and the recency and frequency of self-harm. PLoS ONE, 11(7), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159854

This study investigated the relationship between experiential avoidance, coping and the recency and frequency of self-harm, in a community sample (N = 1332, aged 16–69 years). Participants completed online, self-report measures assessing self-harm, m... Read More about Exploring the relationship between experiential avoidance, coping functions and the recency and frequency of self-harm.

Uncovering key patterns in self-harm in adolescents: sequence analysis using the card sort task for self-harm (CaTS) (2016)
Journal Article
Townsend, E., Wadman, R., Sayal, K., Armstrong, M., Harroe, C., Majumder, P., Vostanis, P., & Clarke, D. (2016). Uncovering key patterns in self-harm in adolescents: sequence analysis using the card sort task for self-harm (CaTS). Journal of Affective Disorders, 206, 161-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.004

Background

Self-harm is a significant clinical issue in adolescence. There is little research on the interplay of key factors in the months, weeks, days and hours leading to self-harm. We developed the Card Sort Task for Self-Harm (CaTS) to invest... Read More about Uncovering key patterns in self-harm in adolescents: sequence analysis using the card sort task for self-harm (CaTS).

Preschool hyperactivity specifically elevates long-term mental health risks more strongly in males than females: a prospective longitudinal study through to young adulthood (2016)
Journal Article
Smith, E., Meyer, B. J., Koerting, J., Laver-Bradbury, C., Lee, L., Jefferson, H., Sayal, K., Treglown, L., Thompson, M., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. (2017). Preschool hyperactivity specifically elevates long-term mental health risks more strongly in males than females: a prospective longitudinal study through to young adulthood. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(1), 123-136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-016-0876-8

Evidence of continuities between preschool hyperactivity and adult mental health problems highlight the potential value of targeting early identification and intervention strategies. However, specific risk factors are currently unclear. This large-sc... Read More about Preschool hyperactivity specifically elevates long-term mental health risks more strongly in males than females: a prospective longitudinal study through to young adulthood.

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a brief school-based group programme for parents of children at risk of ADHD: a cluster randomised controlled trial (2016)
Journal Article
Sayal, K., Taylor, J. A., Valentine, A., Guo, B., Sampson, C. J., Sellman, E., James, M., Hollis, C., & Daley, D. (2016). Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a brief school-based group programme for parents of children at risk of ADHD: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Child: Care, Health and Development, 42(4), 521-533. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12349

Background
NICE guidelines recommend a stepped care approach for the identification and management of children with, or at risk of, Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We investigated the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptab... Read More about Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a brief school-based group programme for parents of children at risk of ADHD: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

A longitudinal study of the association between inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity and children’s academic attainment at age 11 (2016)
Journal Article
Merrell, C., Sayal, K., Tymms, P., & Kasim, A. (2017). A longitudinal study of the association between inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity and children’s academic attainment at age 11. Learning and Individual Differences, 53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2016.04.003

Background: The link between inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity and poor academic outcomes is well established. Children with mild difficulties can go unnoticed yet may be at risk of poor academic outcomes.

Aims: To investigate the link bet... Read More about A longitudinal study of the association between inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity and children’s academic attainment at age 11.

An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experience of self-harm repetition and recovery in young adults (2016)
Journal Article
Wadman, R., Clarke, D., Sayal, K., Vostanis, P., Armstrong, M., Harroe, C., Majumder, P., & Townsend, E. (2016). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experience of self-harm repetition and recovery in young adults. Journal of Health Psychology, https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316631405

Six young adults (19–21) with repeat self-harm for over five years were interviewed about their self-harm, why they continued and what factors might help them to stop. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis identified six themes: Keeping self-harm... Read More about An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experience of self-harm repetition and recovery in young adults.

Correction: Protocol investigating the clinical utility of an objective measure of activity and attention (QbTest) on diagnostic and treatment decision-making in children and young people with ADHD-'Assessing QbTest Utility in ADHD'(AQUA): A randomised controlled trial - December 01, 2014 (2016)
Journal Article
Hall, C. L., Walker, G. M. .., Valentine, A. Z., Guo, B., Kaylor-Hughes, C., James, M., Daley, D., Sayal, K., & Hollis, C. (2016). Correction: Protocol investigating the clinical utility of an objective measure of activity and attention (QbTest) on diagnostic and treatment decision-making in children and young people with ADHD-'Assessing QbTest Utility in ADHD'(AQUA): A randomised controlled trial - December 01, 2014. BMJ Open, 6(1), Article e006838corr2. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006838corr2

The challenges of implementing ADHD clinical guidelines and research best evidence in routine clinical care settings: a Delphi survey and mixed-methods study (2016)
Journal Article
Hall, C. L., Taylor, J. A., Newell, K., Baldwin, L., Sayal, K., & Hollis, C. (2016). The challenges of implementing ADHD clinical guidelines and research best evidence in routine clinical care settings: a Delphi survey and mixed-methods study. BJPsych Open, 2(1), 25-31. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.002386

Background:The landmark US Multimodal Treatment of ADHD (MTA) study established the benefits of individualised medication titration and optimisation strategies to improve short- to medium-term outcomes in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADH... Read More about The challenges of implementing ADHD clinical guidelines and research best evidence in routine clinical care settings: a Delphi survey and mixed-methods study.

The clinical utility of the continuous performance test and objective measures of activity for diagnosing and monitoring ADHD in children: a systematic review (2015)
Journal Article
Hall, C. L., Valentine, A., Groom, M. J., Walker, G. M., Sayal, K., Daley, D., & Hollis, C. (2016). The clinical utility of the continuous performance test and objective measures of activity for diagnosing and monitoring ADHD in children: a systematic review. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 25(7), 677-699. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-015-0798-x

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is typically diagnosed using clinical observation and subjective informant reports. Once children commence ADHD medication, robust monitoring is required to detect partial or non-responses. The extent t... Read More about The clinical utility of the continuous performance test and objective measures of activity for diagnosing and monitoring ADHD in children: a systematic review.