ADHD in children and young people: prevalence, care pathways & service provision

Sayal, Kapil; Prasad, Vibhore; Daley, David; Ford, Tamsin; Coghill, David

Abstract

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood behavioural disorder – systematic reviews indicate that the community prevalence of ADHD globally is between 2% to 7%, with an average of around 5%. In addition, a further 5% of children have significant difficulties with over-activity, inattention and impulsivity that are just sub-threshold to meet full diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Estimates of the administrative (clinically diagnosed and/or recorded) prevalence vary worldwide and although increasing over time, ADHD is still relatively under-recognised and under-diagnosed in most countries, particularly in girls and older children. ADHD often persists into adulthood and is a risk factor for other mental health disorders and negative outcomes including educational under-achievement, difficulties with employment and relationships, and criminality. The timely recognition and treatment of children with ADHD-type difficulties provides an opportunity to improve their long-term outcomes. This review includes a systematic review of the community and administrative prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents; an overview of the barriers to accessing care for ADHD; a description of costs associated with ADHD; and a broad discussion of evidence-based pathways for the delivery of clinical care, including a focus on key issues for two specific age groups - pre-school children and adolescents requiring transition of care from child to adult services.

Citation

Sayal, K., Prasad, V., Daley, D., Ford, T., & Coghill, D. (in press). ADHD in children and young people: prevalence, care pathways & service provision. Lancet Psychiatry, 5(2), https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366%2817%2930167-0

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Apr 5, 2017
• Online Publication Date: Oct 9, 2017
• Deposit Date: May 24, 2017
• Publicly Available Date: Oct 9, 2017
• Journal: Lancet Psychiatry
• Print ISSN: 2215-0366
• Electronic ISSN: 2215-0374
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 5
• Issue: 2
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366%2817%2930167-0
• Keywords: ADHD; Children; Young people: Prevalence; Care Pathways; Service Provision.
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/887042
• Publisher URL: http://thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(17)30167-0/fulltext
• Additional Information: © 2017. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• Contract Date: May 24, 2017