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All Outputs (57)

Pre‐emptive and preventive opioids for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery (2018)
Journal Article
Doleman, B., Leonardi-Bee, J., Lund, J. N., Heinink, T. P., Bhattacharjee, D., & Williams, J. P. (2018). Pre‐emptive and preventive opioids for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Article CD012624. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012624.pub2

Background: Postoperative pain is a common consequence of surgery and can have deleterious effects. It has been suggested that the administration of opioid analgesia before a painful stimulus may improve pain control. This can be done in two ways. We... Read More about Pre‐emptive and preventive opioids for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery.

A double-blind placebo controlled trial into the impacts of HMB supplementation and exercise on free-living muscle protein synthesis, muscle mass and function, in older adults (2018)
Journal Article
Din, U., Brook, M., Selby, A. L., Quinlan, J. I., Boereboom, C., Abdullah, H., …Smith, K. (2019). A double-blind placebo controlled trial into the impacts of HMB supplementation and exercise on free-living muscle protein synthesis, muscle mass and function, in older adults. Clinical Nutrition, 38(5), 2071-2078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.09.025

Age-related sarcopenia and dynapenia are associated with frailty and metabolic diseases. Resistance exercise training (RET) adjuvant to evidence-based nutritional intervention(s) have been shown as mitigating strategies. Given that HMB supplementatio... Read More about A double-blind placebo controlled trial into the impacts of HMB supplementation and exercise on free-living muscle protein synthesis, muscle mass and function, in older adults.

Short-term (<8 weeks) high-intensity interval training in diseased cohorts (2018)
Journal Article
Blackwell, J. E., Doleman, B., Herrod, P., Ricketts, S., Phillips, B. E., Lund, J. N., & Williams, J. P. (2018). Short-term (

Background & Aim:
Exercise training regimes can lead to improvements in measures of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), improved general health, and reduced morbidity and overall mortality risk. High intensity interval training (HIIT) offers a time-eff... Read More about Short-term (<8 weeks) high-intensity interval training in diseased cohorts.

Pre-emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery (Protocol) (2018)
Journal Article
Doleman, B., Leonardi-Bee, J., Heinink, T. P., Lund, J., & Williams, J. P. (2018). Pre-emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery (Protocol). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3, https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012978

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows:

To evaluate in adult participants undergoing all types of surgery, the effects of pre-emptive and preventive non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) com... Read More about Pre-emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery (Protocol).

Exercise and other nonpharmacological strategies to reduce blood pressure in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2018)
Journal Article
Herrod, P. J., Doleman, B., Blackwell, J. E., O’Boyle, F., Williams, J. P., Lund, J. N., & Phillips, B. E. (in press). Exercise and other nonpharmacological strategies to reduce blood pressure in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 12(4), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jash.2018.01.008

The incidence of hypertension increases with advancing age and represents a significant burden of disease. Lifestyle modification represents the first-line intervention in treatment algorithms; however, the majority of evidence for this comes from st... Read More about Exercise and other nonpharmacological strategies to reduce blood pressure in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men (2017)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Phillips, B. E., Hill, I., Greenhaff, P. L., Lund, J. N., Williams, J. P., …Atherton, P. J. (2017). Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men. Clinical Science, 131(21), https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20171230

Leucine modulates muscle protein synthesis (MPS), with potential to facilitate accrual/maintenance of muscle mass. Animal models suggest that leucine boluses shortly after meals may prolong MPS and delay onset of a “muscle-full” state. However, the e... Read More about Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men.

Impact of the calcium form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate upon human skeletal muscle protein metabolism (2017)
Journal Article
Wilkinson, D. J., Hossain, T., Limb, M. C., Phillips, B. E., Lund, J., Williams, J. P., Brook, M. S., Cegielski, J., Philp, A., Ashcroft, S., Rathmacher, J. A., Szewczyk, N. J., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2018). Impact of the calcium form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate upon human skeletal muscle protein metabolism. Clinical Nutrition, 37(6), 2068-2075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.024

Background & aims: β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is purported as a key nutritional supplement for the preservation of muscle mass in health, disease and as an ergogenic aid in exercise. Of the two available forms of HMB (calcium (Ca-HMB) salt or f... Read More about Impact of the calcium form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate upon human skeletal muscle protein metabolism.

Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid and whey protein bolus dosing upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis at rest and after exercise in older women (2017)
Journal Article
Wilkinson, D. J., Bukhari, S. S., Phillips, B. E., Limb, M. C., Cegielski, J., Brook, M. S., …Atherton, P. J. (2018). Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid and whey protein bolus dosing upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis at rest and after exercise in older women. Clinical Nutrition, 37(6), 2011-2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.008

© 2017 The Authors Background & aims: Impaired anabolic responses to nutrition and exercise contribute to loss of skeletal muscle mass with ageing (sarcopenia). Here, we tested responses of muscle protein synthesis (MPS), in the under represented gr... Read More about Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid and whey protein bolus dosing upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis at rest and after exercise in older women.

Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age (2017)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Greenhaff, P. L., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2017). Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age. JCI insight, 2(17), Article e95581. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.95581

BACKGROUND.

The impact of resistance exercise training (RE-T) across the life span is poorly defined.

METHODS.

To resolve this, we recruited three distinct age cohorts of young (18–28 years; n = 11), middle-aged (45–55 years; n = 20), and... Read More about Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age.

Baseline morphine consumption may explain between-study heterogeneity in meta-analyses of adjuvant analgesics and improve precision and accuracy of effect estimates (2017)
Journal Article
Doleman, B., Sutton, A. J., Sherwin, M., Lund, J. N., & Williams, J. P. (2018). Baseline morphine consumption may explain between-study heterogeneity in meta-analyses of adjuvant analgesics and improve precision and accuracy of effect estimates. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 126(2), 648-660. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002237

BACKGROUND: Statistical heterogeneity can increase the uncertainty of results and reduce the quality of evidence derived from systematic reviews. At present, it is uncertain what the major factors are that account for heterogeneity in meta-analyses o... Read More about Baseline morphine consumption may explain between-study heterogeneity in meta-analyses of adjuvant analgesics and improve precision and accuracy of effect estimates.

Epidemiology, practice of ventilation and outcome for patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (2017)
Journal Article
Rogerson, D., Williams, J. P., Yates, S., & Rogers, E. (2017). Epidemiology, practice of ventilation and outcome for patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 34(8), 492-507. https://doi.org/10.1097/EJA.0000000000000646

BACKGROUND Limited information exists about the epidemiology and outcome of surgical patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), and how intraoperative ventilation was managed in these patients.
OBJECTIVES To determin... Read More about Epidemiology, practice of ventilation and outcome for patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications.

Oesophageal Doppler guided optimization of cardiac output does not increase visceral microvascular blood flow in healthy volunteers (2017)
Journal Article
Heinink, T. P., Read, D. J., Mitchell, W. K., Bhalla, A., Lund, J. N., Phillips, B. E., & Williams, J. P. (2018). Oesophageal Doppler guided optimization of cardiac output does not increase visceral microvascular blood flow in healthy volunteers. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 38(2), 213-219. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12401

Background

Oesophageal Doppler monitoring (ODM) is used clinically to optimize cardiac output (CO) and guide fluid therapy. Despite limited experimental evidence, it is assumed that increasing CO increases visceral microvascular blood flow (MBF).... Read More about Oesophageal Doppler guided optimization of cardiac output does not increase visceral microvascular blood flow in healthy volunteers.

Fibrin glue for pilonidal sinus disease (2017)
Journal Article
Lund, J. N., Tou, S., Doleman, B., & Williams, J. P. (in press). Fibrin glue for pilonidal sinus disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017(1), Article CD011923. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011923.pub2

Background
Pilonidal sinus disease is a common condition that mainly affects young adults. This condition can cause significant pain and impairment of normal activities. No consensus currently exists on the optimum treatment for pilonidal sinus and... Read More about Fibrin glue for pilonidal sinus disease.

Simulation fails to replicate stress in trainees performing a technical procedure in the clinical environment (2016)
Journal Article
Baker, B., Bhalla, A., Doleman, B., Yarnold, E., Simons, S., Lund, J. N., & Williams, J. P. (in press). Simulation fails to replicate stress in trainees performing a technical procedure in the clinical environment. Medical Teacher, 39(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2016.1230188

Introduction: Simulation-based training (SBT) has become an increasingly important method by which doctors learn. Stress has an impact upon learning, performance, technical, and non-technical skills. However, there are currently no studies that compa... Read More about Simulation fails to replicate stress in trainees performing a technical procedure in the clinical environment.

Gabapentin for the hemodynamic response to intubation: systematic review and meta-analysis (2016)
Journal Article
Doleman, B., Sherwin, M., Lund, J. N., & Williams, J. P. (in press). Gabapentin for the hemodynamic response to intubation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia / Journal canadien d'anesthésie, 63(9), https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-016-0668-0

Purpose

Endotracheal intubation is the gold standard for securing the airway before surgery. Nevertheless, this procedure can produce an activation of the sympathetic nervous system and result in a hemodynamic response which, in high-risk patients... Read More about Gabapentin for the hemodynamic response to intubation: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Enriching a protein drink with leucine augments muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young and older men (2016)
Journal Article
Atherton, P. J., Kumar, V., Selby, A. L., Rankin, D., Hildebrandt, W., Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Hiscock, N., & Smith, K. (2017). Enriching a protein drink with leucine augments muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young and older men. Clinical Nutrition, 36(3), 888-895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.04.025

Maximizing anabolic responses to feeding and exercise is crucial for muscle maintenance and adaptation to exercise training. We hypothesized that enriching a protein drink with leucine would improve anabolic responses to resistance exercise (RE: 6×8... Read More about Enriching a protein drink with leucine augments muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young and older men.

Anaesthetists stress is induced by patient ASA grade and may impair non-technical skills during intubation (2016)
Journal Article
Doleman, B., Blackwell, J., Karangizi, A., Butt, W., Bhalla, A., Lund, J. N., & Williams, J. P. (2016). Anaesthetists stress is induced by patient ASA grade and may impair non-technical skills during intubation. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 60(7), 910-916. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.12716

Background

The aims of this study were to determine if patient ASA grade was associated with increased stress in anaesthetists with a subsequent effect on non-technical skills.
Methods

Stress was measured using a validated objective (heart rat... Read More about Anaesthetists stress is induced by patient ASA grade and may impair non-technical skills during intubation.

Preventive acetaminophen reduces postoperative opioid consumption, vomiting, and pain scores after surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis (2015)
Journal Article
Doleman, B., Read, D., Lund, J. N., & Williams, J. P. (2015). Preventive acetaminophen reduces postoperative opioid consumption, vomiting, and pain scores after surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 40(6), https://doi.org/10.1097/AAP.0000000000000311

Background and Objectives: Preventive analgesia has been proposed as a potential strategy to reduce postoperative pain. However, there is currently no review that focuses on acetaminophen for preventive analgesia.

Methods: We conducted a search of... Read More about Preventive acetaminophen reduces postoperative opioid consumption, vomiting, and pain scores after surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis.

The impact of delivery profile of essential amino acids upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis in older men: clinical efficacy of pulse vs. bolus supply (2015)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Rankin, D., Lund, J. N., Wilkinson, D. J., …Atherton, P. J. (2015). The impact of delivery profile of essential amino acids upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis in older men: clinical efficacy of pulse vs. bolus supply. AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 309(5), Article E450-E457. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00112.2015

Essential amino acids (EAA) are responsible for skeletal muscle anabolic effects after nutrient intake. The pattern of appearance of EAA in blood, e.g., after intake of “slow” or “fast” protein sources or in response to grazing vs. bolus feeding patt... Read More about The impact of delivery profile of essential amino acids upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis in older men: clinical efficacy of pulse vs. bolus supply.