Equivalent Slot Thermal Conductivity and Back-iron Extension Effects on Machine Cooling

Zhang, Fengyu; Gerada, David; Xu, Zeyuan; Zhang, He; Gerada, Chris

doi:10.1109/ICEMS.2019.8921725

Challenges and Future opportunities of Hairpin Technologies (2020)
Conference Proceeding
Arzillo, A., Braglia, P., Nuzzo, S., Barater, D., Franceschini, G., Gerada, D., & Gerada, C. (2020). Challenges and Future opportunities of Hairpin Technologies. . https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE45063.2020.9152417

Hairpin windings are seeing an ever-increasing application and development in electrical machines designed for high power and torque densities. In fact, due to their inherently high fill factor, they are very attractive in applications, such as trans... Read More about Challenges and Future opportunities of Hairpin Technologies.

Analysis and Modelling of High Frequency Effects on Synchronous Generator’s Armature Conductors (2020)
Conference Proceeding
Quadri, Q. H., Nuzzo, S., Gerada, C., & Galea, M. (2020). Analysis and Modelling of High Frequency Effects on Synchronous Generator’s Armature Conductors. In 2020 IEEE 29th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) (253-258). https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE45063.2020.9152456

This paper investigates the accuracy of the subdomain modelling technique for high frequency copper loss calculation in stator windings of synchronous generators. The methodology's accuracy is studied at a slot level up to 10 kHz against FE model wit... Read More about Analysis and Modelling of High Frequency Effects on Synchronous Generator’s Armature Conductors.

Thermal Lifetime Evaluation of Electrical Machines Using Neural Network (2020)
Conference Proceeding
Turabee, G., Khowja, M. R., Madonna, V., Giangrande, P., Vakil, G., Gerada, C., & Galea, M. (2020). Thermal Lifetime Evaluation of Electrical Machines Using Neural Network. In 2020 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) (1153-1158). https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC48692.2020.9161662

© 2020 IEEE. This paper proposes a surrogate approach which utilises an supervised neural network to significantly shorten the time required for thermal qualification of electrical machines' insulation. The proposed approach is based on a feedforward... Read More about Thermal Lifetime Evaluation of Electrical Machines Using Neural Network.

A Hybrid Computational Tool to Analyze the Performance of Electric Machines with Reduced Content of Permanent Magnet (2020)
Conference Proceeding
Ram Kumar, R. M., Khowja, M. R., Vakil, G., Gerada, D., Gerada, C., Paciura, K., & Fernandes, B. G. (2020). A Hybrid Computational Tool to Analyze the Performance of Electric Machines with Reduced Content of Permanent Magnet. In 2020 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) (340-345). https://doi.org/10.1109/itec48692.2020.9161631

Electric vehicles (EVs) are equipped with interior permanent magnet (IPM) or permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance (PM-SynRel) machines because of their superior performance in field weakening region. The effect of saturation is more prono... Read More about A Hybrid Computational Tool to Analyze the Performance of Electric Machines with Reduced Content of Permanent Magnet.

Thermal Design of an Integrated Inductor for 45kW Aerospace Starter-Generator (2020)
Conference Proceeding
Rocca, A. L., Khowja, M. R., Vakil, G., Gerada, C., & Wheeler, P. (2020). Thermal Design of an Integrated Inductor for 45kW Aerospace Starter-Generator

This paper presents a combined electromagnetic and thermal design of integrated inductor, for the application of a 45kW aircraft starter-generator. The inductor is designed at high current density by using the apporach ofarea product, followed by the... Read More about Thermal Design of an Integrated Inductor for 45kW Aerospace Starter-Generator.

The potential of exploiting non-symmetric structures in electrical machines (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Nuzzo, S., Marfoli, A., Papini, L., Bolognesi, P., Gerada, C., & Galea, M. (2019). The potential of exploiting non-symmetric structures in electrical machines. In IECON 2019 Proceedings - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (1393-1398). https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2019.8927001

Typically, electrical machines feature rotor and stator winding configurations and core structures which comply with both simplicity and cost requirements. Such constraints limit the design search space and degrees of freedom, thus leading to exploit... Read More about The potential of exploiting non-symmetric structures in electrical machines.

Sensitivity Analysis of Machine Components Thermal Properties Effects on Winding Temperature (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Zhang, F., Gerada, D., Xu, Z., Zhang, H., & Gerada, C. (2019). Sensitivity Analysis of Machine Components Thermal Properties Effects on Winding Temperature. In 2019 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMS.2019.8922095

This paper investigates the sensitivity analysis of winding temperature to key parameters in electrical machine thermal design. With a validated 3D thermal model based on an existing 75kW traction machine for an electric vehicle, the methodology of t... Read More about Sensitivity Analysis of Machine Components Thermal Properties Effects on Winding Temperature.

Multi-physics Design Optimisation of PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Traction Application (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Al-Ani, M., Walker, A., Vakil, G., Ramanathan, R., Zou, T., La Rocca, S., …McQueen, A. (2019). Multi-physics Design Optimisation of PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Traction Application. In Proceedings: IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (4353-4359). https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2019.8926697

Recently, the synchronous reluctance machine limits have been pushed toward meeting the requirements of traction applications. A skilled electromagnetic architecture of a synchronous reluctance machine with the help of permanent magnets can push the... Read More about Multi-physics Design Optimisation of PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Traction Application.

Trade-off Study of a High Power Density Starter-Generator for Turboprop Aircraft System (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Khowja, M. R., Vakil, G., Gerada, C., Yang, T., Bozhko, S., & Wheeler, P. (2019). Trade-off Study of a High Power Density Starter-Generator for Turboprop Aircraft System. In Proceedings: IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (1435-1440). https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2019.8926961

Mechanically-driven actuators, compressors and pumps are being replaced by the aircraft manufacturers that shift the trend towards 'More Electric Aircraft' and hence reducing the mechanical linkages within the aircraft system. This elevates the depen... Read More about Trade-off Study of a High Power Density Starter-Generator for Turboprop Aircraft System.

Numerical study of the impact of different cooling arrangements on a high length/diameter ratio motor for electric commercial vehicle (2019)
Conference Proceeding
La Rocca, S., La Rocca, A., Walker, A., Vakil, G., Gerada, D., Al-Ani, M., …Paciura, K. (2019). Numerical study of the impact of different cooling arrangements on a high length/diameter ratio motor for electric commercial vehicle. In Proceedings: 2019 International Conference on Electrotechnical Complexes and Systems (ICOECS) (1-5). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOECS46375.2019.8949929

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to carry out a fluid flow and thermal investigation of a high power dense traction machine for electric commercial vehicle. One of the features of the machine design considered is the high Length/Diameter (... Read More about Numerical study of the impact of different cooling arrangements on a high length/diameter ratio motor for electric commercial vehicle.

Analytical Tool to Generate Torque-Speed Characteristics for Surface Mounted PM Machines in Constant Torque and Field Weakening Regions (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Khowja, M. R., Vakil, G., & Gerada, C. (2019). Analytical Tool to Generate Torque-Speed Characteristics for Surface Mounted PM Machines in Constant Torque and Field Weakening Regions. In Proceedings: IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (922-927). https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2019.8927436

This paper presents an analytical tool to generate torque vs speed characteristics of the surface-mounted permanent magnet machines to minimize the computation time and efforts. The paper also derives an expression of d-axis current in the field weak... Read More about Analytical Tool to Generate Torque-Speed Characteristics for Surface Mounted PM Machines in Constant Torque and Field Weakening Regions.

High Power High Speed PM-Assisted SynRel Machines with Ferrite and Rare Earth Magnets for Future Electric Commercial Vehicles (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Kumar, R. M. R., Zou, T., La Rocca, A., Vakil, G., Gerada, D., Walker, A., …Fernandes, B. G. (2019). High Power High Speed PM-Assisted SynRel Machines with Ferrite and Rare Earth Magnets for Future Electric Commercial Vehicles. In IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (1083-1088). https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2019.8927523

High power density and high torque density are the fundamental requirements for electric machines used in traction application. The former is obtained by potentially increasing the speed of the machine while the latter by using high energy density ra... Read More about High Power High Speed PM-Assisted SynRel Machines with Ferrite and Rare Earth Magnets for Future Electric Commercial Vehicles.

Enhancing the Torque Density of Conventional PM-SynRel Machine with Hybrid Flux Barrier (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Kumar, R. M. R., Vakil, G., Gerada, D., Walker, A., La Rocca, S., Al-Ani, M., …Fernandes, B. G. (2019). Enhancing the Torque Density of Conventional PM-SynRel Machine with Hybrid Flux Barrier. In IECON 2019 Proceedings - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (4347-4352). https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2019.8926624

Electrical machines with high torque density are required for traction application. Availability of bonded magnets with complex shapes and magnetization pattern can significantly extend the design space of electrical machines. This paper introduces a... Read More about Enhancing the Torque Density of Conventional PM-SynRel Machine with Hybrid Flux Barrier.

Optimized Carrier Disposition Based Discontinuous Pulse-width Modulation Method for three-level NPC Converters (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Wang, M., Xu, L., Yang, B., Li, J., Gu, C., Zhang, H., …Li, Y. (2019). Optimized Carrier Disposition Based Discontinuous Pulse-width Modulation Method for three-level NPC Converters. In 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) (1442-1446). https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2019.8912600

Three level neutral-point-clamped (3L-NPC) converter is a multilevel topology that is well-suited solution in high voltage, high frequency applications such as flexible AC transmission systems and electric vehicle drive systems. This paper is focused... Read More about Optimized Carrier Disposition Based Discontinuous Pulse-width Modulation Method for three-level NPC Converters.

Rotor UMP & Mechanical Response in HSPMSM in Typical Running Conditions (2019)
Conference Proceeding
He, Y., Vakil, G., Zhang, X., Gao, P., Gerada, D., & Gerada, C. (2019). Rotor UMP & Mechanical Response in HSPMSM in Typical Running Conditions. In Proceedings: 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) (3878-3883). https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2019.8913180

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis on the rotor unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) and the consequent mechanical response in 6 typical running conditions in a 20000 rpm high speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (HSPMSM) through finite eleme... Read More about Rotor UMP & Mechanical Response in HSPMSM in Typical Running Conditions.

Smart Current Limitation Technique for a Multiphase Bearingless Machine with Combined Winding System (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Wen, Z., Valente, G., Formentini, A., Papini, L., Zanchetta, P., & Gerada, C. (2019). Smart Current Limitation Technique for a Multiphase Bearingless Machine with Combined Winding System. In Proceedings of 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) (6099-6105). https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2019.8913291

This paper presents a current limitation technique for a multiphase bearingless machine featuring a combined winding system. This winding structure allows each machine phase to produce both suspension force and motoring torque. Compared to more conve... Read More about Smart Current Limitation Technique for a Multiphase Bearingless Machine with Combined Winding System.

Simplified Lumped Parameter Thermal Network for Short-Duty Dual Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Machines (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Giangrande, P., Madonna, V., Zhao, W., Wang, Y., Gerada, C., & Galea, M. (2019). Simplified Lumped Parameter Thermal Network for Short-Duty Dual Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Machines. In Proceedings of 2019 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) (1-6). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMS.2019.8922309

© 2019 IEEE. Electrical machines are progressively being employed in an ever-increasing number of safety-critical applications (e.g. aerospace and automotive), which demand high performance as well as reliability features. The modular structure and t... Read More about Simplified Lumped Parameter Thermal Network for Short-Duty Dual Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Machines.

Thermal Barrier for High-Voltage Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Air-cooling Hybrid Ventilation Systems (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Zhang, X., Zhang, H., Li, W., Gerada, C., Gerada, D., & Li, J. (2019). Thermal Barrier for High-Voltage Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Air-cooling Hybrid Ventilation Systems. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) (1-4). https://doi.org/10.1109/icems.2019.8922364

This paper addresses the thermal network improvement in a 315 kW high-voltage solid rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor, with a hybrid air-cooling system, by the proposed thermal barrier. The multi-coupled fields, as electromagnetic fields, flui... Read More about Thermal Barrier for High-Voltage Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Air-cooling Hybrid Ventilation Systems.

A Novel Modelling Approach of Modular Multi Three-phase Drive System for High Performance Applications (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Wang, X., Gu, C., Buticchi, G., Zhang, H., & Gerada, C. (2019). A Novel Modelling Approach of Modular Multi Three-phase Drive System for High Performance Applications. In 2019 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) (1-5). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMS.2019.8922523

There is a growing attention in the industrial and academic sectors for the multi-phase drive for high power and high-speed applications. The multi three-phase drive with independent neutral points is a popular option for this application, as it allo... Read More about A Novel Modelling Approach of Modular Multi Three-phase Drive System for High Performance Applications.

Equivalent Slot Thermal Conductivity and Back-iron Extension Effects on Machine Cooling (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Zhang, F., Gerada, D., Xu, Z., Zhang, H., & Gerada, C. (2019). Equivalent Slot Thermal Conductivity and Back-iron Extension Effects on Machine Cooling. In Proceedings of 2019 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMS.2019.8921725

Back-iron Extension (BIE) is an effective thermal management technique which reduces the winding temperatures by projecting part of the back iron into the center of slot, thereby shortening the heat transfer path between the coil and back iron. Based... Read More about Equivalent Slot Thermal Conductivity and Back-iron Extension Effects on Machine Cooling.

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