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The safety, physiological response, and repeatability of the incremental shuttle walk test in survivors of COVID-19 (2025)
Journal Article
Baldwin, M. M., Daynes, E., Karsanji, U., McAuley, H. J. C., Bishop, N. C., Bolton, C. E., Man, W. D.-C., Vogiatzis, I., Chalmers, J. D., Ho, L.-P., Horsley, A., Marks, M., Poinasamy, K., Ramen, B., Leavy, O. C., Richardson, M., Elneima, O., Shikotra, A., Singapuri, A., Sereno, M., …Singh, S. J. (2025). The safety, physiological response, and repeatability of the incremental shuttle walk test in survivors of COVID-19. ERJ Open Research, Article 00089-2025. https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00089-2025

Introduction

The incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) may be a valuable tool for measuring exercise tolerance in patients after a hospital admission with COVID-19. However, the safety, physiological response, and repeatability of the ISWT is unkno... Read More about The safety, physiological response, and repeatability of the incremental shuttle walk test in survivors of COVID-19.

Nepal Family Cohort study: a study protocol (2024)
Journal Article
Kurmi, O. P., Chaudhary, N., Delanerolle, G., Bolton, C. E., Pant, P. R., Regmi, P. R., Gautam, S., Satia, I., Simkhada, P., Kyrou, I., Sigdel, T. K., Hundley, V., Dali, P. R., Løkke, A., Lam, K. B. H., Bennett, D., Custovic, A., van Teijlingen, E., Gill, P., Randeva, H., & O'Byrne, P. (2024). Nepal Family Cohort study: a study protocol. BMJ Open, 14(11), Article e088896. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-088896

INTRODUCTION: The Nepal Family Cohort study uses a life course epidemiological approach to collect comprehensive data on children's and their parents' environmental, behavioural and metabolic risk factors. These factors can affect the overall develop... Read More about Nepal Family Cohort study: a study protocol.

Mirtazapine to alleviate severe breathlessness in patients with COPD or interstitial lung diseases (BETTER-B): an international, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 mixed-method trial. (2024)
Journal Article
Higginson, I. J., Brown, S. T., Oluyase, A. O., May, P., Maddocks, M., Costantini, M., Bajwah, S., Normand, C., Bausewein, C., Simon, S. T., Ryan, K., Currow, D. C., Johnson, M. J., Hart, S. P., Mather, H., Krajnik, M., Tanzi, S., Ghirotto, L., Bolton, C. E., Janowiak, P., …Brown, J. M. (2024). Mirtazapine to alleviate severe breathlessness in patients with COPD or interstitial lung diseases (BETTER-B): an international, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 mixed-method trial. Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 12(10), 763-774. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600%2824%2900187-5

Background

Breathlessness frequently becomes severe among people with respiratory disease. Mirtazapine, a widely used antidepressant, has shown promise in the modulation of respiratory sensation and the response to it, as well as reducing feelings... Read More about Mirtazapine to alleviate severe breathlessness in patients with COPD or interstitial lung diseases (BETTER-B): an international, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 mixed-method trial..

Erratum: Structural Predictors of Lung Function Decline in Young Smokers with Normal Spirometry (2024)
Journal Article
Ritchie, A. I., Donaldson, G. C., Hoffman, E. A., Allinson, J. P., Bloom, C. I., Bolton, C. E., Choudhury, G., Gerard, S. E., Guo, J., Alves-Moreira, L., McGarvey, L., Sapey, E., Stockley, R. A., Yip, K., Singh, D., Wilkinson, T., Fageras, M., Ostridge, K., Jöns, O., Bucchioni, E., …Wedzicha, J. A. (2024). Erratum: Structural Predictors of Lung Function Decline in Young Smokers with Normal Spirometry. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 210(2), 249. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.v209erratum11

There is an error in the article by Ritchie and colleagues (1), published in the May 15, 2024 issue of the Journal. In the second sentence in the Figure 3 legend, the midcoronal section from the nonsmoking subject is incorrectly identified as the pane... Read More about Erratum: Structural Predictors of Lung Function Decline in Young Smokers with Normal Spirometry.

DYNamic Assessment of Multi‐Organ level dysfunction in patients recovering from COVID‐19: DYNAMO COVID‐19 (2024)
Journal Article
Gupta, A., Nicholas, R., McGing, J. J., Nixon, A. V., Mallinson, J. E., McKeever, T. M., Bradley, C. R., Piasecki, M., Cox, E. F., Bonnington, J., Lord, J. M., Brightling, C. E., Evans, R. A., Hall, I. P., Francis, S. T., Greenhaff, P. L., & Bolton, C. E. (2024). DYNamic Assessment of Multi‐Organ level dysfunction in patients recovering from COVID‐19: DYNAMO COVID‐19. Experimental Physiology, 109(8), 1274-1291. https://doi.org/10.1113/ep091590

We evaluated the impacts of COVID-19 on multi-organ and metabolic function in patients following severe hospitalised infection compared to controls. Patients (n = 21) without previous diabetes, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease were recruited... Read More about DYNamic Assessment of Multi‐Organ level dysfunction in patients recovering from COVID‐19: DYNAMO COVID‐19.

Free-breathing Functional Pulmonary Proton MRI: A Novel Approach Using Voxel-wise Lung Ventilation (VOLVE) Assessment in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2024)
Journal Article
Peggs, Z. J., Brooke, J. P., Bolton, C. E., Hall, I. P., Francis, S. T., & Gowland, P. A. (2024). Free-breathing Functional Pulmonary Proton MRI: A Novel Approach Using Voxel-wise Lung Ventilation (VOLVE) Assessment in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 61(2), 663-675. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.29444

Background: In respiratory medicine, there is a need for sensitive measures of regional lung function that can be performed using standard imaging technology, without the need for inhaled or intravenous contrast agents. Purpose: To describe VOxel‐wis... Read More about Free-breathing Functional Pulmonary Proton MRI: A Novel Approach Using Voxel-wise Lung Ventilation (VOLVE) Assessment in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Accelerated elastin degradation by age-disease interaction: a common feature in age-related diseases (2024)
Journal Article
Shek, N., Choy, A.-M., Lang, C. C., Miller, B. E., Tal-Singer, R., Bolton, C. E., Thomson, N. C., Chalmers, J. D., Bown, M. J., Newby, D. E., Khan, F., & Huang, J. T. J. (2024). Accelerated elastin degradation by age-disease interaction: a common feature in age-related diseases. npj Aging, 10(1), Article 15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00143-7

Aging is a major driving force for many diseases but the relationship between chronological age, the aging process and age-related diseases is not fully understood. Fragmentation and loss of ultra-long-lived elastin are key features in aging and seve... Read More about Accelerated elastin degradation by age-disease interaction: a common feature in age-related diseases.

Accelerated immune ageing is associated with COVID-19 disease severity (2024)
Journal Article
Lord, J. M., Veenith, T., Sullivan, J., Sharma-Oates, A., Richter, A. G., Greening, N. J., McAuley, H. J. C., Evans, R. A., Moss, P., Moore, S. C., Turtle, L., Gautam, N., Gilani, A., Bajaj, M., Wain, L. V., Brightling, C., Raman, B., Marks, M., Singapuri, A., Elneima, O., …Bolton, C. E. (2024). Accelerated immune ageing is associated with COVID-19 disease severity. Immunity and Ageing, 21(1), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00406-z

Background: The striking increase in COVID-19 severity in older adults provides a clear example of immunesenescence, the age-related remodelling of the immune system. To better characterise the association between convalescent immunesenescence and ac... Read More about Accelerated immune ageing is associated with COVID-19 disease severity.

Structural Predictors of Lung Function Decline in Young Smokers with Normal Spirometry (2024)
Journal Article
Ritchie, A. I., Donaldson, G. C., Hoffman, E. A., Allinson, J. P., Bloom, C. I., Bolton, C. E., Choudhury, G., Gerard, S. E., Guo, J., Alves-Moreira, L., McGarvey, L., Sapey, E., Stockley, R. A., Yip, K., Singh, D., Wilkinson, T., Fageras, M., Ostridge, K., Jöns, O., Bucchioni, E., …Wedzicha, J. A. (2024). Structural Predictors of Lung Function Decline in Young Smokers with Normal Spirometry. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 209(10), 1208-1218. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202307-1203OC

Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to tobacco smoking commonly presents when extensive lung damage has occurred.

Objectives: We hypothesized that structural change would be detected early in the natural history of COPD and... Read More about Structural Predictors of Lung Function Decline in Young Smokers with Normal Spirometry.

Balancing the value and risk of exercise-based therapy post-COVID-19: a narrative review (2023)
Journal Article
Singh, S. J., Daynes, E., McAuley, H. J., Raman, B., Greening, N. J., Chalder, T., Elneima, O., Evans, R. A., & Bolton, C. E. (2023). Balancing the value and risk of exercise-based therapy post-COVID-19: a narrative review. European Respiratory Review, 32(170), Article 230110. https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0110-2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to ongoing symptoms such as breathlessness, fatigue and muscle pain, which can have a substantial impact on an individual. Exercise-based rehabilitation programmes have proven beneficial in many long-term... Read More about Balancing the value and risk of exercise-based therapy post-COVID-19: a narrative review.

Cohort Profile: Post-Hospitalisation COVID-19 (PHOSP-COVID) study (2023)
Journal Article
Elneima, O., McAuley, H. J. C., Leavy, O. C., Chalmers, J. D., Horsley, A., Ho, L.-P., Marks, M., Poinasamy, K., Raman, B., Shikotra, A., Singapuri, A., Sereno, M., Harris, V. C., Houchen-Wolloff, L., Saunders, R. M., Greening, N. J., Richardson, M., Quint, J. K., Briggs, A., Docherty, A. B., …Behalf of the PHOSP-COVID Collaborative Group, O. (2024). Cohort Profile: Post-Hospitalisation COVID-19 (PHOSP-COVID) study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 53(1), Article dyad165. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyad165

The Post-Hospitalisation COVID-19 (PHOSP-COVID) study is a national UK multicentre cohort study of patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19 and subsequently discharged.

PHOSP-COVID was established to investigate the medium- and long-term sequel... Read More about Cohort Profile: Post-Hospitalisation COVID-19 (PHOSP-COVID) study.

Accelerated elastin degradation by age-disease interaction: a common feature in age-related diseases (2023)
Preprint / Working Paper
Huang, J., Shek, N., Choy, A.-M., Lang, C., Miller, B., Tal-Singer, R., Bolton, C., Thomson, N., Newby, D., Chalmers, J., Khan, F., & Brown, M. Accelerated elastin degradation by age-disease interaction: a common feature in age-related diseases

Aging is a major driving force for many diseases but the relationship between age, aging processes and age-related diseases is not fully understood. Fragmentation and loss of ultra-long-lived elastin are key features in aging and several age-related... Read More about Accelerated elastin degradation by age-disease interaction: a common feature in age-related diseases.

Nepalese indoor cookstove smoke extracts alter human airway epithelial gene expression, DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation (2023)
Journal Article
Rajasekar, P., Hall, R. J., Binaya, K., Mahapatra, P. S., Puppala, S. P., Thakker, D., MacIsaac, J. L., Lin, D., Kobor, M., Bolton, C. E., Sayers, I., Hall, I. P., & Clifford, R. L. (2023). Nepalese indoor cookstove smoke extracts alter human airway epithelial gene expression, DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation. Environmental Pollution, 337, Article 122561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122561

Household air pollution caused by inefficient cooking practices causes 4 million deaths a year worldwide. In Nepal, 86% of the rural population use solid fuels for cooking. Over 25% of premature deaths associated with air pollution are respiratory in... Read More about Nepalese indoor cookstove smoke extracts alter human airway epithelial gene expression, DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation.

Prevalence of swallow, communication, voice and cognitive compromise following hospitalisation for COVID-19: the PHOSP-COVID analysis (2023)
Journal Article
Dawson, C., Clunie, G., Evison, F., Duncan, S., Whitney, J., Houchen-Wolloff, L., Bolton, C. E., Leavy, O. C., Richardson, M., Omer, E., McAuley, H., Shikotra, A., Singapuri, A., Sereno, M., Saunders, R. M., Harris, V. C., Greening, N. J., Nolan, C. M., Wootton, D. G., Daynes, E., …PHOSP-COVID collaborative Group. (2023). Prevalence of swallow, communication, voice and cognitive compromise following hospitalisation for COVID-19: the PHOSP-COVID analysis. BMJ Open Respiratory Research, 10(1), Article e001647. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001647

Objective: Identify prevalence of self-reported swallow, communication, voice and cognitive compromise following hospitalisation for COVID-19.

Design: Multicentre prospective observational cohort study using questionnaire data at visit 1 (2–7 mont... Read More about Prevalence of swallow, communication, voice and cognitive compromise following hospitalisation for COVID-19: the PHOSP-COVID analysis.

Association between antidepressants with pneumonia and exacerbation in patients with COPD: a self-controlled case series (SCCS) (2023)
Journal Article
Siraj, R. A., Bolton, C. E., & McKeever, T. M. (2023). Association between antidepressants with pneumonia and exacerbation in patients with COPD: a self-controlled case series (SCCS). Thorax, 79(1), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2022-219736

Objective: To assess whether antidepressant prescriptions are associated with an increased risk of pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation. Methods: A self-controlled case series was performed to investigate the rates... Read More about Association between antidepressants with pneumonia and exacerbation in patients with COPD: a self-controlled case series (SCCS).

Circulating testosterone levels and health outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from ECLIPSE and ERICA (2023)
Journal Article
Pavey, H., Polkey, M. I., Bolton, C. E., Cheriyan, J., McEniery, C. M., Wilkinson, I., Mohan, D., Casaburi, R., Miller, B. E., Tal-Singer, R., & Fisk, M. (2023). Circulating testosterone levels and health outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from ECLIPSE and ERICA. BMJ Open Respiratory Research, 10(1), Article e001601. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001601

The relationship of circulating testosterone levels with health outcomes in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown.

Aim
To determine whether serum testosterone levels predict hospitalised acute exacerbations of COPD... Read More about Circulating testosterone levels and health outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from ECLIPSE and ERICA.

Cohort Profile: Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) (2023)
Preprint / Working Paper
Elneima, O., McAuley, H. J. C., Leavy, O. C., Chalmers, J. D., Horsley, A., Ho, L.-P., Marks, M., Poinasamy, K., Raman, B., Shikotra, A., Singapuri, A., Sereno, M., Harris, V. C., Houchen-Wolloff, L., Saunders, R. M., Greening, N. J., Richardson, M., Quint, J. K., Briggs, A., Docherty, A. B., …on behalf of the PHOSP-COVID Collaborative Group. Cohort Profile: Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID)

PHOSP-COVID is a national UK multi-centre cohort study of patients who were hospitalised for COVID-19 and subsequently discharged.

PHOSP-COVID was established to investigate the medium- and long-term sequelae of severe COVID-19 requiring hospitali... Read More about Cohort Profile: Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID).

Effects of sleep disturbance on dyspnoea and impaired lung function following hospital admission due to COVID-19 in the UK: a prospective multicentre cohort study (2023)
Journal Article
Jackson, C., Stewart, I. D., Plekhanova, T., Cunningham, P. S., Hazel, A. L., Al-Sheklly, B., Aul, R., Bolton, C. E., Chalder, T., Chalmers, J. D., Chaudhuri, N., Docherty, A. B., Donaldson, G., Edwardson, C. L., Elneima, O., Greening, N. J., Hanley, N. A., Harris, V. C., Harrison, E. M., Ho, L.-P., …Blaikley, J. F. (2023). Effects of sleep disturbance on dyspnoea and impaired lung function following hospital admission due to COVID-19 in the UK: a prospective multicentre cohort study. Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 11(8), 673-684. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600%2823%2900124-8

Sleep disturbance is common following hospital admission both for COVID-19 and other causes. The clinical associations of this for recovery after hospital admission are poorly understood despite sleep disturbance contributing to morbidity in other sc... Read More about Effects of sleep disturbance on dyspnoea and impaired lung function following hospital admission due to COVID-19 in the UK: a prospective multicentre cohort study.

Prevalence of physical frailty, including risk factors, up to 1 year after hospitalisation for COVID-19 in the UK: a multicentre, longitudinal cohort study (2023)
Journal Article
McAuley, H. J., Evans, R. A., Bolton, C. E., Brightling, C. E., Chalmers, J. D., Docherty, A. B., Elneima, O., Greenhaff, P. L., Gupta, A., Harris, V. C., Harrison, E. M., Ho, L.-P., Horsley, A., Houchen-Wolloff, L., Jolley, C. J., Leavy, O. C., Lone, N. I., Man, W. D.-C., Marks, M., Parekh, D., …Greening, N. J. (2023). Prevalence of physical frailty, including risk factors, up to 1 year after hospitalisation for COVID-19 in the UK: a multicentre, longitudinal cohort study. eClinicalMedicine, 57, Article 101896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101896

Background: The scale of COVID-19 and its well documented long-term sequelae support a need to understand long-term outcomes including frailty. Methods: This prospective cohort study recruited adults who had survived hospitalisation with clinically d... Read More about Prevalence of physical frailty, including risk factors, up to 1 year after hospitalisation for COVID-19 in the UK: a multicentre, longitudinal cohort study.