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ToF-SIMS and Machine Learning for Single-Pixel Molecular Discrimination of an Acrylate Polymer Microarray (2020)
Journal Article
Gardner, W., Hook, A. L., Alexander, M. R., Ballabio, D., Cutts, S. M., Muir, B. W., & Pigram, P. J. (2020). ToF-SIMS and Machine Learning for Single-Pixel Molecular Discrimination of an Acrylate Polymer Microarray. Analytical Chemistry, 92(9), 6587-6597. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00349

© 2020 American Chemical Society. Combinatorial approaches to materials discovery offer promising potential for the rapid development of novel polymer systems. Polymer microarrays enable the high-throughput comparison of material physical and chemica... Read More about ToF-SIMS and Machine Learning for Single-Pixel Molecular Discrimination of an Acrylate Polymer Microarray.

Real time monitoring of biofilm formation on coated medical devices for the reduction and interception of bacterial infections (2020)
Journal Article
Kurmoo, Y., Hook, A. L., Harvey, D., Dubern, J.-F., Williams, P., Morgan, S. P., …Alexander, M. R. (2020). Real time monitoring of biofilm formation on coated medical devices for the reduction and interception of bacterial infections. Biomaterials Science, 8(5), 1464-1477. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9bm00875f

Real time monitoring of bacterial attachment to medical devices provides opportunities to detect early biofilm formation and instigate appropriate interventions before infection develops. This study utilises long period grating (LPG) optical fibre se... Read More about Real time monitoring of biofilm formation on coated medical devices for the reduction and interception of bacterial infections.

Validating a Predictive Structure-Property Relationship by Discovery of Novel Polymers which Reduce Bacterial Biofilm Formation (2019)
Journal Article
Dundas, A. A., Sanni, O., Dubern, J.-F., Dimitrakis, G., Hook, A. L., Irvine, D. J., …Alexander, M. R. (2019). Validating a Predictive Structure-Property Relationship by Discovery of Novel Polymers which Reduce Bacterial Biofilm Formation. Advanced Materials, 31(49), Article 1903513. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201903513

ynthetic materials are an everyday component of modern healthcare yet often fail routinely as a consequence of medical‐device‐centered infections. The incidence rate for catheter‐associated urinary tract infections is between 3% and 7% for each day o... Read More about Validating a Predictive Structure-Property Relationship by Discovery of Novel Polymers which Reduce Bacterial Biofilm Formation.

Simultaneous Tracking of Pseudomonas aeruginosa motility in liquid and at the Solid-Liquid Interface Reveals Differential Roles for the Flagellar Stators (2019)
Journal Article
Hook, A. L., Flewellen, J. L., Dubern, J.-F., Carabelli, A., Zald, I. M., Berry, R. M., …Alexander, M. R. (2019). Simultaneous Tracking of Pseudomonas aeruginosa motility in liquid and at the Solid-Liquid Interface Reveals Differential Roles for the Flagellar Stators. mSystems, 4(5), Article e00390-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00390-19

Bacteria sense chemicals, surfaces, and other cells and move toward some and away from others. Studying how single bacterial cells in a population move requires sophisticated tracking and imaging techniques. We have established quantitative methodolo... Read More about Simultaneous Tracking of Pseudomonas aeruginosa motility in liquid and at the Solid-Liquid Interface Reveals Differential Roles for the Flagellar Stators.

Methodology for the synthesis of methacrylate monomers using designed single mode microwave applicators (2019)
Journal Article
Dundas, A. A., Hook, A. L., Alexander, M. R., Kingman, S. W., Dimitrakis, G., & Irvine, D. J. (2019). Methodology for the synthesis of methacrylate monomers using designed single mode microwave applicators. Reaction Chemistry and Engineering, 4(8), 1472-1476. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9re00173e

© 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry. A novel single-well prototype high throughput microwave reactor geometry has been produced and shown to be capable of synthesizing an array of non-commercially available methacrylate monomers. The reactor, which... Read More about Methodology for the synthesis of methacrylate monomers using designed single mode microwave applicators.

High-Throughput Miniaturized Screening of Nanoparticle Formation via Inkjet Printing (2018)
Journal Article
Styliari, I. D., Conte, C., Pearce, A. K., Hüsler, A., Cavanagh, R. J., Limo, M. J., …Taresco, V. (2018). High-Throughput Miniaturized Screening of Nanoparticle Formation via Inkjet Printing. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 303(8), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.201800146

The self‐assembly of specific polymers into well‐defined nanoparticles (NPs) is of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry as the resultant materials can act as drug delivery vehicles. In this work, a high‐throughput method to screen the abilit... Read More about High-Throughput Miniaturized Screening of Nanoparticle Formation via Inkjet Printing.

Prediction of Broad-Spectrum Pathogen Attachment to Coating Materials for Biomedical Devices (2018)
Journal Article
Dundas, A. A., Mikulskis, P., Hook, A., Dundas, A., Irvine, D., Sanni, O., …Winkler, D. A. (2018). Prediction of Broad-Spectrum Pathogen Attachment to Coating Materials for Biomedical Devices. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 10(1), 139-149. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b14197

© 2017 American Chemical Society. Bacterial infections in healthcare settings are a frequent accompaniment to both routine procedures such as catheterization and surgical site interventions. Their impact is becoming even more marked as the numbers of... Read More about Prediction of Broad-Spectrum Pathogen Attachment to Coating Materials for Biomedical Devices.

Development and characterization of a stable adhesive bond between a poly(dimethylsiloxane) catheter material and a bacterial biofilm resistant acrylate polymer coating (2017)
Journal Article
Tyler, B. J., Hook, A. L., Pelster, A., Williams, P., Alexander, M. R., & Arlinghaus, H. F. (2017). Development and characterization of a stable adhesive bond between a poly(dimethylsiloxane) catheter material and a bacterial biofilm resistant acrylate polymer coating. Biointerphases, 12(2), Article 02C412. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4984011

Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) are the most common health related infections world wide, contributing significantly to patient morbidity and mortality and increased health care costs. To reduce the incidence of these infection... Read More about Development and characterization of a stable adhesive bond between a poly(dimethylsiloxane) catheter material and a bacterial biofilm resistant acrylate polymer coating.

Making Silicone Rubber Highly Resistant to Bacterial Attachment Using Thiol-ene Grafting (2016)
Journal Article
Magennis, E. P., Hook, A. L., Williams, P., & Alexander, M. R. (2016). Making Silicone Rubber Highly Resistant to Bacterial Attachment Using Thiol-ene Grafting. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 8(45), 30780-30787. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b10986

Biomedical devices are indispensable in modern medicine yet offer surfaces that promote bacterial attachment and biofilm formation, resulting in acute and chronic healthcare-associated infections. We have developed a simple method to graft acrylates... Read More about Making Silicone Rubber Highly Resistant to Bacterial Attachment Using Thiol-ene Grafting.

Application of Targeted Molecular and Material Property Optimization to Bacterial Attachment-Resistant (Meth)acrylate Polymers (2016)
Journal Article
Adlington, K., Nguyen, N. T., Eaves, E., Yang, J., Chang, C. Y., Li, J., …Irvine, D. J. (2016). Application of Targeted Molecular and Material Property Optimization to Bacterial Attachment-Resistant (Meth)acrylate Polymers. Biomacromolecules, 17(9), 2830-2838. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00615

© 2016 American Chemical Society. Developing medical devices that resist bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation is highly desirable. In this paper, we report the optimization of the molecular structure and thus material properties of a... Read More about Application of Targeted Molecular and Material Property Optimization to Bacterial Attachment-Resistant (Meth)acrylate Polymers.

Development, printability and post-curing studies of formulations of materials resistant to microbial attachment for use in inkjet based 3D printing (2016)
Journal Article
Begines, B., Hook, A. L., Alexander, M. R., Tuck, C. J., & Wildman, R. D. (2016). Development, printability and post-curing studies of formulations of materials resistant to microbial attachment for use in inkjet based 3D printing. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 22(5), 835-841. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-11-2015-0175

Purpose: This paper aims to print 3D structures from polymers that resist bacterial attachment by reactive jetting of acrylate monomers. Design/methodology/approach: The first step towards printing was ink development. Inks were characterised to car... Read More about Development, printability and post-curing studies of formulations of materials resistant to microbial attachment for use in inkjet based 3D printing.

The impact of surface chemistry modification on macrophage polarisation (2016)
Journal Article
Rostam, H., Singh, S., Salazar, F., Magennis, P., Hook, A. L., Singh, T., …Ghaemmaghami, A. M. (2016). The impact of surface chemistry modification on macrophage polarisation. Immunobiology, 221(11), 1237-1246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2016.06.010

Macrophages are innate immune cells that have a central role in combating infection and maintaining tissue homeostasis. They exhibit remarkable plasticity in response to environmental cues. At either end of a broad activation spectrum are pro-inflamm... Read More about The impact of surface chemistry modification on macrophage polarisation.

Engineering serendipity: High-throughput discovery of materials that resist bacterial attachment (2015)
Journal Article
Magennis, E., Hook, A., Davies, M., Alexander, C., Williams, P., & Alexander, M. R. (2016). Engineering serendipity: High-throughput discovery of materials that resist bacterial attachment. Acta Biomaterialia, 34, 84-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.008

Controlling the colonisation of materials by microorganisms is important in a wide range of industries and clinical settings. To date, the underlying mechanisms that govern the interactions of bacteria with material surfaces remain poorly understood,... Read More about Engineering serendipity: High-throughput discovery of materials that resist bacterial attachment.

Discovery of a Novel Polymer for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion and Multilineage Differentiation (2015)
Journal Article
Smith, J. G. W., Celiz, A. D., Smith, J. G., Patel, A. K., Hook, A. L., Rajamohan, D., …Alexander, M. R. (2015). Discovery of a Novel Polymer for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion and Multilineage Differentiation. Advanced Materials, 27(27), 4006-4012. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201501351

© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. A scalable and cost-effective synthetic polymer substrate that supports robust expansion and subsequent multilineage differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) with defined commercial... Read More about Discovery of a Novel Polymer for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion and Multilineage Differentiation.

Multivariate ToF-SIMS image analysis of polymer microarrays and protein adsorption (2015)
Journal Article
Hook, A. L., Williams, P. M., Alexander, M. R., & Scurr, D. J. (2015). Multivariate ToF-SIMS image analysis of polymer microarrays and protein adsorption. Biointerphases, 10, Article 019005. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4906484

The complexity of hyperspectral time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) datasets makes their subsequent analysis and interpretation challenging, and is often an impasse to the identification of trends and differences within large sa... Read More about Multivariate ToF-SIMS image analysis of polymer microarrays and protein adsorption.

Biomaterial modification of urinary catheters with antimicrobials to give long-term broadspectrum antibiofilm activity (2015)
Journal Article
Fisher, L. E., Hook, A. L., Ashraf, W., Yousef, A., Barrett, D. A., Scurr, D. J., …Bayston, R. (2015). Biomaterial modification of urinary catheters with antimicrobials to give long-term broadspectrum antibiofilm activity. Journal of Controlled Release, 202, 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.01.037

© 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the commonest hospital-acquired infection, accounting for over 100,000 hospital admissions within the USA annually. Biomaterials and processes intended to reduce... Read More about Biomaterial modification of urinary catheters with antimicrobials to give long-term broadspectrum antibiofilm activity.

Materiomics: a toolkit for developing new biomaterials (2015)
Book Chapter
Hook, A., Morgan, A., & Winkler, D. A. (2015). Materiomics: a toolkit for developing new biomaterials. In Tissue engineering. Second edition. Elsevier

Learning Objectives • To understand the what materiomics is and why it is required • To become familiar with the various approaches used to design materiomic experiments • To learn what a polymer microarray is, what it is used for and how it is pr... Read More about Materiomics: a toolkit for developing new biomaterials.

Bacterial Attachment to Polymeric Materials Correlates with Molecular Flexibility and Hydrophilicity (2014)
Journal Article
Sanni, O., Chang, C.-Y., Anderson, D. G., Langer, R., Davies, M. C., Williams, P. M., …Hook, A. L. (2015). Bacterial Attachment to Polymeric Materials Correlates with Molecular Flexibility and Hydrophilicity. Advanced Healthcare Materials, 4(5), 695-701. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201400648

A new class of material resistant to bacterial attachment has been discovered that is formed from polyacrylates with hydrocarbon pendant groups. In this study, the relationship between the nature of the hydrocarbon moiety and resistance to bacteria i... Read More about Bacterial Attachment to Polymeric Materials Correlates with Molecular Flexibility and Hydrophilicity.

Thermally Switchable Polymers Achieve Controlled Escherichia coli Detachment (2014)
Journal Article
Hook, A. L., Chang, C., Scurr, D. J., Langer, R., Anderson, D. G., Williams, P., …Alexander, M. R. (2014). Thermally Switchable Polymers Achieve Controlled Escherichia coli Detachment. Advanced Healthcare Materials, 3(7), 1020-1025. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201300518

The thermally triggered release of up to 96% of attached uropathogenic E. coli is achieved on two polymers with opposite changes in surface wettability upon reduction in temperature. This demonstrates that the bacterial attachment to a surface cannot... Read More about Thermally Switchable Polymers Achieve Controlled Escherichia coli Detachment.