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Targeting Macrophage Polarization for Reinstating Homeostasis following Tissue Damage

Du, Qiran; Dickinson, Anna; Nakuleswaran, Pruthvi; Maghami, Susan; Alagoda, Savindu; Hook, Andrew L.; Ghaemmaghami, Amir M.

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Authors

Qiran Du

Anna Dickinson

Pruthvi Nakuleswaran

Susan Maghami

Savindu Alagoda



Abstract

Tissue regeneration and remodeling involve many complex stages. Macrophages are critical in maintaining micro-environmental homeostasis by regulating inflammation and orchestrating wound healing. They display high plasticity in response to various stimuli, showing a spectrum of functional phenotypes that vary from M1 (pro-inflammatory) to M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages. While transient inflammation is an essential trigger for tissue healing following an injury, sustained inflammation (e.g., in foreign body response to implants, diabetes or inflammatory diseases) can hinder tissue healing and cause tissue damage. Modulating macrophage polarization has emerged as an effective strategy for enhancing immune-mediated tissue regeneration and promoting better integration of implantable materials in the host. This article provides an overview of macrophages’ functional properties followed by discussing different strategies for modulating macrophage polarization. Advances in the use of synthetic and natural biomaterials to fabricate immune-modulatory materials are highlighted. This reveals that the development and clinical application of more effective immunomodulatory systems targeting macrophage polarization under pathological conditions will be driven by a detailed understanding of the factors that regulate macrophage polarization and biological function in order to optimize existing methods and generate novel strategies to control cell phenotype.

Citation

Du, Q., Dickinson, A., Nakuleswaran, P., Maghami, S., Alagoda, S., Hook, A. L., & Ghaemmaghami, A. M. (2024). Targeting Macrophage Polarization for Reinstating Homeostasis following Tissue Damage. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(13), Article 7278. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137278

Journal Article Type Review
Acceptance Date Jun 27, 2024
Online Publication Date Jul 2, 2024
Publication Date Jul 1, 2024
Deposit Date Jul 5, 2024
Publicly Available Date Jul 8, 2024
Journal International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Print ISSN 1661-6596
Electronic ISSN 1422-0067
Publisher MDPI
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 25
Issue 13
Article Number 7278
DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137278
Keywords macrophage polarization; immune modulation; biomaterials; tissue repair; inflammation; medical devices; immune-instructive materials
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/36876611
Publisher URL https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/13/7278

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