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A potential alternative to fungicides using actives-free (meth)acrylate polymers for protection of wheat crops from fungal attachment and infection

Crawford, Liam A.; Cuzzucoli Crucitti, Valentina; Stimpson, Amy; Morgan, Chloe; Blake, Jonathan; Wildman, Ricky D.; Hook, Andrew L.; Alexander, Morgan R.; Irvine, Derek J.; Avery, Simon V.

A potential alternative to fungicides using actives-free (meth)acrylate polymers for protection of wheat crops from fungal attachment and infection Thumbnail


Authors

Liam A. Crawford

Chloe Morgan

Jonathan Blake



Abstract

Fungicidal compounds are actives widely used for crop protection from fungal infection, but they can also kill beneficial organisms, enter the food chain and promote resistant pathogen strains from overuse. Here we report the first field crop trial of homopolymer materials that prevent fungal attachment, showing successful crop protection via an actives-free approach. In the trial, formulations containing two candidate polymers were applied to young wheat plants that were subject to natural infection with the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. A formulation containing one of the candidate polymers, poly(di(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether acrylate) (abbreviated DEGEEA), produced a significant reduction (26%) in infection of the crop by Z. tritici, delivering protection against fungal infection that compared favourably with three different commercially established fungicide programmes tested in parallel. Furthermore, the sprayed polymers did not negatively affect wheat growth. The two lead polymer candidates were initially identified by bio-performance testing using in vitro microplate- and leaf-based assays and were taken forward successfully into a programme to optimize and scale-up their synthesis and compound them into a spray formulation. Therefore, the positive field trial outcome has also established the validity of the smaller-scale, laboratory-based bioassay data and scale-up methodologies used. Because fungal attachment to plant surfaces is a first step in many crop infections, this non-eluting polymer: (i) now offers significant potential to deliver protection against fungal attack, while (ii) addressing the fourth and aligning with the eleventh principles of green chemistry by using chemical products designed to preserve efficacy of function while reducing toxicity. A future focus should be to develop the material properties for this and other applications including other fungal pathogens.

Citation

Crawford, L. A., Cuzzucoli Crucitti, V., Stimpson, A., Morgan, C., Blake, J., Wildman, R. D., Hook, A. L., Alexander, M. R., Irvine, D. J., & Avery, S. V. (2023). A potential alternative to fungicides using actives-free (meth)acrylate polymers for protection of wheat crops from fungal attachment and infection. Green Chemistry, 25(21), 8558-8569. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3gc01911j

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Aug 15, 2023
Online Publication Date Aug 17, 2023
Publication Date Nov 7, 2023
Deposit Date Aug 16, 2023
Publicly Available Date Aug 18, 2024
Journal Green Chemistry
Print ISSN 1463-9262
Electronic ISSN 1463-9270
Publisher Royal Society of Chemistry
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 25
Issue 21
Pages 8558-8569
DOI https://doi.org/10.1039/d3gc01911j
Keywords methacrylate polymers; acrylate polymers; fungal attachment; crop protection
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/24417663
Publisher URL https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/GC/D3GC01911J

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