Outputs (28)

Identifying interaction types and functionality for automated vehicle virtual assistants: An exploratory study using speech acts cluster analysis (2023)
Journal Article

Onboard virtual assistants with the ability to converse with users are gaining favour in supporting effective human-machine interaction to meet safe standards of operation in automated vehicles (AVs). Previous studies have highlighted the need to com... Read More about Identifying interaction types and functionality for automated vehicle virtual assistants: An exploratory study using speech acts cluster analysis.

A validation study of a fixed-based, medium fidelity driving simulator for human–machine interfaces visual distraction testing (2023)
Journal Article

Studies comparing results captured in a simulator with those on road are important to validate the approach but are scarce in the context of secondary task distraction due to the potential ramifications of diverting attention away from safe driving.... Read More about A validation study of a fixed-based, medium fidelity driving simulator for human–machine interfaces visual distraction testing.

Deriving UX Dimensions for Future Autonomous Taxi Interface Design (2022)
Journal Article

Advances in autonomous vehicle (AV) technologies mean that driverless taxis could become a part of everyday life in cities within the next decade. We present a user-design activity leading to the development of an experience-design framework for auto... Read More about Deriving UX Dimensions for Future Autonomous Taxi Interface Design.

Deriving Personas to Inform HMI Design for Future Autonomous Taxis: A Case Study on User- Requirement Elicitation (2021)
Journal Article

Automated, Mobility-as-a-Service Vehicles (AV-MaaSs) – Autonomous Taxis - are expected to offer an inexpensive, mobility-on-demand service supporting greater sustainable transportation systems, including ‘last mile’ solutions. However, to date little... Read More about Deriving Personas to Inform HMI Design for Future Autonomous Taxis: A Case Study on User- Requirement Elicitation.

U can’t touch this! Face touching behaviour whilst driving: implications for health, hygiene and human factors (2021)
Journal Article

Analysis of thirty-one hours of video-data documenting 36 experienced drivers highlighted the prevalence of face-touching, with 819 contacts identified (mean frequency: 26.4 face touches/hour (FT/h); mean duration: 3.9-seconds). Fewer face-touches oc... Read More about U can’t touch this! Face touching behaviour whilst driving: implications for health, hygiene and human factors.

Isolating the Effect of Off-Road Glance Duration on Driving Performance: An Exemplar Study Comparing HDD and HUD in Different Driving Scenarios (2021)
Journal Article

Objective: We controlled participants’ glance behavior while using head-down displays (HDDs) and head-up displays (HUDs) to isolate driving behavioral changes due to use of different display types across different driving environments. Background: Re... Read More about Isolating the Effect of Off-Road Glance Duration on Driving Performance: An Exemplar Study Comparing HDD and HUD in Different Driving Scenarios.

Exploring the benefits of conversing with a digital voice assistant during automated driving: A parametric duration model of takeover time (2021)
Journal Article

Vehicle automation allows drivers to disengage from driving causing a potential decline in their alertness. One of the major challenges of highly automated vehicles is to ensure a timely (with respect to safety and situation awareness) takeover in su... Read More about Exploring the benefits of conversing with a digital voice assistant during automated driving: A parametric duration model of takeover time.

Exploring the effectiveness of a digital voice assistant to maintain driver alertness in partially automated vehicles (2021)
Journal Article

Objective: Vehicle automation shifts the driver's role from active operator to passive observer at the potential cost of degrading their alertness. This study investigated the role of an in-vehicle voice-based assistant (VA; conversing about traffic/... Read More about Exploring the effectiveness of a digital voice assistant to maintain driver alertness in partially automated vehicles.

A Perceptual Color-Matching Method for Examining Color Blending in Augmented Reality Head-Up Display Graphics (2020)
Journal Article

Augmented reality (AR) offers new ways to visualize information on-the-go. As noted in related work, AR graphics presented via optical see-through AR displays are particularly prone to color blending, whereby intended graphic colors may be perceptual... Read More about A Perceptual Color-Matching Method for Examining Color Blending in Augmented Reality Head-Up Display Graphics.

Feel the noise: Mid-air ultrasound haptics as a novel human-vehicle interaction paradigm (2019)
Journal Article

Focussed ultrasound can be used to create the sensation of touch in mid-air. Combined with gestures, this can provide haptic feedback to guide users, thereby overcoming the lack of agency associated with pure gestural interfaces, and reducing the nee... Read More about Feel the noise: Mid-air ultrasound haptics as a novel human-vehicle interaction paradigm.

Evaluating secondary input devices to support an automotive touchscreen HMI: a cross-cultural simulator study conducted in the UK and China (2019)
Journal Article

Touchscreen Human-Machine Interfaces (HMIs) are a well-established and popular choice to provide the primary control interface between driver and vehicle, yet inherently demand some visual attention. Employing a secondary device with the touchscreen... Read More about Evaluating secondary input devices to support an automotive touchscreen HMI: a cross-cultural simulator study conducted in the UK and China.

Enhancing environmental engagement with natural language interfaces for in-vehicle navigation systems (2019)
Journal Article

Four on-road studies were conducted in the Clifton area of Nottingham, UK, aiming to explore the relationships between driver workload and environmental engagement associated with ‘active’ and ‘passive’ navigation systems. In a between-subjects desig... Read More about Enhancing environmental engagement with natural language interfaces for in-vehicle navigation systems.

Getting the driver back into the loop: the quality of manual vehicle control following long and short non-critical transfer-of-control requests: TI:NS (2019)
Journal Article

Specific vehicle automation use-cases such as traffic jams will be the first level 3 functions on the market. When the ‘traffic jam pilot’ nears its limits in non-critical situations, control needs to be handed back to the driver, enabling appropriat... Read More about Getting the driver back into the loop: the quality of manual vehicle control following long and short non-critical transfer-of-control requests: TI:NS.

Investigating the effect of urgency and modality of pedestrian alert warnings on driver acceptance and performance (2018)
Journal Article

Active safety systems have the potential to reduce the risk to pedestrians by warning the driver and/or taking evasive action to reduce the effects of or avoid a collision. However, current systems are limited in the range of scenarios they can addre... Read More about Investigating the effect of urgency and modality of pedestrian alert warnings on driver acceptance and performance.

Understanding the effects of peripheral vision and muscle memory on in-vehicle touchscreen interactions (2018)
Journal Article

It is important to gain a better understanding of how drivers interact with in-vehicle touchscreens to help design interfaces to minimise “eyes off road” time. The study aimed to investigate the relative effects of two interaction mechanisms (periphe... Read More about Understanding the effects of peripheral vision and muscle memory on in-vehicle touchscreen interactions.

Driven to discussion: engaging drivers in conversation with a digital assistant as a countermeasure to passive task-related fatigue (2018)
Journal Article

Using a Wizard-of-Oz approach, we explored the effectiveness of engaging drivers in conversation with a digital assistant as an operational strategy to combat the symptoms of passive task-related fatigue. Twenty participants undertook two 30-minute d... Read More about Driven to discussion: engaging drivers in conversation with a digital assistant as a countermeasure to passive task-related fatigue.

Capturing cultural differences between UK and Malaysian drivers to inform the design of in-vehicle navigation systems (2017)
Journal Article

Attending to cultural diversity is important for products and technology intended for global placement, such as automobiles, yet many products (and associated interfaces) lack genuine cultural differentiation. For example, in-vehicle navigation syste... Read More about Capturing cultural differences between UK and Malaysian drivers to inform the design of in-vehicle navigation systems.

Augmenting landmarks during the head-up provision of in-vehicle navigation advice (2017)
Journal Article

The use of landmarks during the provision of directions can greatly improve drivers’ route-following performance. However, the successful integration of landmarks within in-vehicle navigation systems is predicated on the acquisition and deployment of... Read More about Augmenting landmarks during the head-up provision of in-vehicle navigation advice.

Train driving simulator studies: can novice drivers deliver the goods? (2017)
Journal Article

Early research suggests that, in a simulated train-driving environment, unskilled, novice drivers may exhibit comparable behaviour and performance to experienced, professional train drivers after receiving only minimal, task-specific training. Howeve... Read More about Train driving simulator studies: can novice drivers deliver the goods?.

Steering the conversation: a linguistic exploration of natural language interactions with a digital assistant during simulated driving (2017)
Journal Article

Given the proliferation of ‘intelligent’ and ‘socially-aware’ digital assistants embodying everyday mobile technology – and the undeniable logic that utilising voice-activated controls and interfaces in cars reduces the visual and manual distraction... Read More about Steering the conversation: a linguistic exploration of natural language interactions with a digital assistant during simulated driving.

Developing predictive equations to model the visual demand of in-vehicle touchscreen HMIs (2017)
Journal Article

Touchscreen HMIs are commonly employed as the primary control interface and touch-point of vehicles. However, there has been very little theoretical work to model the demand associated with such devices in the automotive domain. Instead, touchscreen... Read More about Developing predictive equations to model the visual demand of in-vehicle touchscreen HMIs.

Augmented Mirrors: Depth Judgments When Augmenting Video Displays to Replace Automotive Mirrors (2016)
Journal Article

This study investigates the effects of Augmented Reality (AR) graphics on a drivers’ distance estimation and depth perception when using a video-based, AR-enhanced driver’s side mirror. Sixteen participants took part in the study, eight in a driving... Read More about Augmented Mirrors: Depth Judgments When Augmenting Video Displays to Replace Automotive Mirrors.

A driving simulator study to explore the effects of text size on the visual demand of in-vehicle displays (2016)
Journal Article

Modern vehicles increasingly utilise a large display within the centre console, often with touchscreen capability, to enable access to a wide range of driving and non-driving-related functionality. The text provided on such displays can vary consider... Read More about A driving simulator study to explore the effects of text size on the visual demand of in-vehicle displays.

Crowdsourcing good landmarks for in-vehicle navigation systems (2016)
Journal Article

Augmenting navigation systems with landmarks has been posited as a method of improving the effectiveness of the technology and enhancing drivers’ engagement with the environment. However, good navigational landmarks are both laborious to collect and... Read More about Crowdsourcing good landmarks for in-vehicle navigation systems.

Driving without wings: the effect of different digital mirror locations on the visual behaviour, performance and opinions of drivers (2016)
Journal Article

Drivers' awareness of the rearward road scene is critical when contemplating or executing lane-change manoeuvres, such as overtaking. Preliminary investigations have speculated on the use of rear-facing cameras to relay images to displays mounted ins... Read More about Driving without wings: the effect of different digital mirror locations on the visual behaviour, performance and opinions of drivers.

The effect of different navigation voices on trust and attention while using in-vehicle navigation systems (2014)
Journal Article

Introduction Automobiles are suffused with computers and technology designed to support drivers at all levels of the driving hierarchy. Classic secondary devices, such as in-vehicle navigation systems (IVNS), present strategic and tactical informati... Read More about The effect of different navigation voices on trust and attention while using in-vehicle navigation systems.

A comparison of resistive and capacitive touchscreens for use within vehicles (2013)
Journal Article

Vehicles are increasingly utilising technologies developed in non-automotive domains. In this respect, capacitive touchscreens are familiar to smartphone and tablet computer users enabling a wide range of single and multi-touch gestures, but have not... Read More about A comparison of resistive and capacitive touchscreens for use within vehicles.

Drivers' preferences and emotional responses to satellite navigation voices (2013)
Journal Article

Auditory experiences in vehicles are shaped not only by engine and road noise, but also by the technology used by drivers. The ubiquitous satellite navigation system (satnav) is an easily accessible and widely used device which produces realistic voc... Read More about Drivers' preferences and emotional responses to satellite navigation voices.