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RNA-Seq of untreated wastewater to assess COVID-19 and emerging and endemic viruses for public health surveillance (2023)
Journal Article
Stockdale, S. R., Blanchard, A. M., Nayak, A., Husain, A., Nashine, R., Dudani, H., …Monaghan, T. M. (2023). RNA-Seq of untreated wastewater to assess COVID-19 and emerging and endemic viruses for public health surveillance. The Lancet Regional Health – Southeast Asia, 14, Article 100205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100205

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic showcased the power of genomic sequencing to tackle the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. However, metagenomic sequencing of total microbial RNAs in wastewater has the potential to assess multiple infectio... Read More about RNA-Seq of untreated wastewater to assess COVID-19 and emerging and endemic viruses for public health surveillance.

Arbovirus circulation, epidemiology and spatiotemporal distribution in Uganda (2023)
Journal Article
Byaruhanga, T., Kayiwa, J. T., Nankya, A. M., Ataliba, I. J., McClure, C. P., Ball, J. K., & Lutwama, J. J. (2023). Arbovirus circulation, epidemiology and spatiotemporal distribution in Uganda. IJID Regions, 6, 171-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.01.013

Background: Arboviruses are endemic in Uganda; however, little is known about their epidemiology, seasonality and spatiotemporal distribution. Our study sought to provide information on arbovirus outbreaks from acute clinical presentations. Methods:... Read More about Arbovirus circulation, epidemiology and spatiotemporal distribution in Uganda.

Factors affecting turnaround time of SARS-CoV-2 sequencing for inpatient infection prevention and control decision making: analysis of data from the COG-UK HOCI study (2022)
Journal Article
Colton, H., Parker, M. D., Stirrup, O., Blackstone, J., Loose, M., McClure, C. P., …de Silva, T. I. (2023). Factors affecting turnaround time of SARS-CoV-2 sequencing for inpatient infection prevention and control decision making: analysis of data from the COG-UK HOCI study. Journal of Hospital Infection, 131, 34-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2022.09.022

Background Barriers to rapid return of sequencing results can affect the utility of sequence data for infection prevention and control decisions. Aim To undertake a mixed-methods analysis to identify challenges that sites faced in achieving a ra... Read More about Factors affecting turnaround time of SARS-CoV-2 sequencing for inpatient infection prevention and control decision making: analysis of data from the COG-UK HOCI study.

Hepatitis C subtyping assay failure in UK patients born in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for global treatment and elimination (2022)
Journal Article
Adeboyejo, K., King, B., Tsoleridis, T., Tarr, A. W., McLauchlan, J., Irving, W. L., …McClure, C. P. (2023). Hepatitis C subtyping assay failure in UK patients born in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for global treatment and elimination. Journal of Medical Virology, 95(1), Article e28178. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.28178

Background andAims: The newly developed direct-acting antivirals have revolutionized the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV), with cure rates as high as 98% in some cohorts. Although genome sequencing has demonstrated that some subtypes of H... Read More about Hepatitis C subtyping assay failure in UK patients born in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for global treatment and elimination.

Human parainfluenza 2 & 4: Clinical and genetic epidemiology in the UK, 2013–2017, reveals distinct disease features and co‐circulating genomic subtypes (2022)
Journal Article
Chellapuri, A., Smitheman, M., Chappell, J. G., Clark, G., Howson-Wells, H. C., Berry, L., …McClure, C. P. (2022). Human parainfluenza 2 & 4: Clinical and genetic epidemiology in the UK, 2013–2017, reveals distinct disease features and co‐circulating genomic subtypes. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 16(6), 1122-1132. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13012

Background: Human Parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) comprise of four members of the genetically distinct genera of Respirovirus (HPIV1&3) and Orthorubulavirus (HPIV2&4), causing significant upper and lower respiratory tract infections worldwide, particula... Read More about Human parainfluenza 2 & 4: Clinical and genetic epidemiology in the UK, 2013–2017, reveals distinct disease features and co‐circulating genomic subtypes.

Enterovirus D68 epidemic, UK, 2018, was caused by subclades B3 and D1, predominantly in children and adults, respectively, with both subclades exhibiting extensive genetic diversity (2022)
Journal Article
Howson-Wells, H. C., Tsoleridis, T., Zainuddin, I., Tarr, A. W., Irving, W. L., Ball, J. K., …McClure, C. P. (2022). Enterovirus D68 epidemic, UK, 2018, was caused by subclades B3 and D1, predominantly in children and adults, respectively, with both subclades exhibiting extensive genetic diversity. Microbial Genomics, 8(5), https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000825

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has recently been identified in biennial epidemics coinciding with diagnoses of non-polio acute flaccid paralysis/myelitis (AFP/AFM). We investigated the prevalence, genetic relatedness and associated clinical features of EV-... Read More about Enterovirus D68 epidemic, UK, 2018, was caused by subclades B3 and D1, predominantly in children and adults, respectively, with both subclades exhibiting extensive genetic diversity.

Simultaneous determination of HCV genotype and NS5B resistance associated substitutions using dried serum spots from São Paulo state, Brazil (2022)
Journal Article
Adeboyejo, K., Riquena Grosche, V., Pandeló José, D., Magalhães Ferreira, G., Farinha Shimizu, J., King, B. J., …Gomes Jardim, A. C. (2022). Simultaneous determination of HCV genotype and NS5B resistance associated substitutions using dried serum spots from São Paulo state, Brazil. Access Microbiology, 4(3), Article 000326. https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000326

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is responsible for more than 180 million infections worldwide, and about 80 % of infections are reported in Low and Middle-income countries (LMICs). Therapy is based on the administration of interferon (INF), ribavirin (RBV) o... Read More about Simultaneous determination of HCV genotype and NS5B resistance associated substitutions using dried serum spots from São Paulo state, Brazil.

Sero-reactivity to three distinct regions within the hepatitis C virus alternative reading frame protein (ARFP/core+1) in patients with chronic HCV genotype-3 infection (2022)
Journal Article
Elsheikh, M. E. A., Patrick McClure, C., Tarr, A. W., & Irving, W. L. (2022). Sero-reactivity to three distinct regions within the hepatitis C virus alternative reading frame protein (ARFP/core+1) in patients with chronic HCV genotype-3 infection. Journal of General Virology, 103(3), Article 001727. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001727

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects more than 71 million people worldwide. The disease slowly progresses to chronic, long-term liver injury which leads to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 5 % of infections. The alternative reading frame protei... Read More about Sero-reactivity to three distinct regions within the hepatitis C virus alternative reading frame protein (ARFP/core+1) in patients with chronic HCV genotype-3 infection.

Human Parainfluenza 2 & 4: clinical and genetic epidemiology in the UK, 2013-2017, reveals distinct disease features and co-circulating genomic subtypes (2022)
Working Paper
Chellapuri, A., Smitheman, M., Chappell, J. G., Clark, G., Howson-Wells, H. C., Berry, L., …McClure, C. P. Human Parainfluenza 2 & 4: clinical and genetic epidemiology in the UK, 2013-2017, reveals distinct disease features and co-circulating genomic subtypes

Human Parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) are constituted by four members of the genetically distinct genera of Respirovirus (type 1 and 3) and Orthorubulavirus (type 2 and 4), causing significant upper and lower respiratory tract infections in both childre... Read More about Human Parainfluenza 2 & 4: clinical and genetic epidemiology in the UK, 2013-2017, reveals distinct disease features and co-circulating genomic subtypes.

Saliva for COVID-19 testing: Simple but useless or an undervalued resource? (2021)
Journal Article
Pijuan-Galito, S., Tarantini, F. S., Tomlin, H., Jenkins, H., Thompson, J. L., Scales, D., …Denning, C. (2021). Saliva for COVID-19 testing: Simple but useless or an undervalued resource?. Frontiers in Virology, 1, Article 778790. https://doi.org/10.3389/fviro.2021.778790

During the COVID-19 pandemic, countries with robust population-based asymptomatic testing were generally successful in controlling virus spread, hence reducing hospitalizations and deaths. This effectiveness inspired widespread asymptomatic surveilla... Read More about Saliva for COVID-19 testing: Simple but useless or an undervalued resource?.

The Impact of Real-Time Whole-Genome Sequencing in Controlling Healthcare-Associated SARS-CoV-2 Outbreaks (2021)
Journal Article
Francis, R. V., Billam, H., Clarke, M., Yates, C., Tsoleridis, T., Berry, L., …McClure, C. P. (2022). The Impact of Real-Time Whole-Genome Sequencing in Controlling Healthcare-Associated SARS-CoV-2 Outbreaks. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 225(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab483

Nosocomial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have severely affected bed capacity and patient flow. We utilized whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify outbreaks and focus infection control resources and interve... Read More about The Impact of Real-Time Whole-Genome Sequencing in Controlling Healthcare-Associated SARS-CoV-2 Outbreaks.

Gold–Oligonucleotide Nanoconstructs Engineered to Detect Conserved Enteroviral Nucleic Acid Sequences (2021)
Journal Article
Chauhan, V. M., Elsutohy, M. M., McClure, C. P., Irving, W. L., Roddis, N., & Aylott, J. W. (2021). Gold–Oligonucleotide Nanoconstructs Engineered to Detect Conserved Enteroviral Nucleic Acid Sequences. Biosensors, 11(7), Article 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11070238

Enteroviruses are ubiquitous mammalian pathogens that can produce mild to life-threatening disease. We developed a multimodal, rapid, accurate and economical point-of-care biosensor that can detect nucleic acid sequences conserved amongst 96% of all... Read More about Gold–Oligonucleotide Nanoconstructs Engineered to Detect Conserved Enteroviral Nucleic Acid Sequences.

Perceptions and Experiences of the University of Nottingham Pilot SARS-CoV-2 Asymptomatic Testing Service: A Mixed-Methods Study (2020)
Journal Article
Blake, H., Corner, J., Cirelli, C., Hassard, J., Briggs, L., Daly, J. M., …Ball, J. (2021). Perceptions and Experiences of the University of Nottingham Pilot SARS-CoV-2 Asymptomatic Testing Service: A Mixed-Methods Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010188

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. We aimed to explore student and staff perceptions and experiences of a pilot SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic testing service (P-ATS) in a UK university campus setting. This was a mixed-method study co... Read More about Perceptions and Experiences of the University of Nottingham Pilot SARS-CoV-2 Asymptomatic Testing Service: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Enterovirus subtyping in a routine UK laboratory setting between 2013 and 2017 (2020)
Journal Article
Howson-Wells, H. C., Winckles, S., Aliker, C., Tarr, A. W., Irving, W. L., Clark, G., & McClure, C. P. (2020). Enterovirus subtyping in a routine UK laboratory setting between 2013 and 2017. Journal of Clinical Virology, 132, Article 104646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104646

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Background: Human enteroviruses (EV) are the leading cause of viral meningitis. EV genotyping is predominantly performed through amplification and sequencing of viral capsid protein-1 (VP1), frequently by national reference labor... Read More about Enterovirus subtyping in a routine UK laboratory setting between 2013 and 2017.

Nanopore sequencing from extraction-free direct PCR of dried serum spots for portable hepatitis B virus drug-resistance typing (2020)
Journal Article
Astbury, S., Nunes Soares, M. M. D. C., Peprah, E., King, B., Jardim, A. C. G., Shimizu, J. F., …McClure, P. (2020). Nanopore sequencing from extraction-free direct PCR of dried serum spots for portable hepatitis B virus drug-resistance typing. Journal of Clinical Virology, 129, Article 104483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104483

© 2020 Background: Effective drug regimens for the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are essential to achieve the World Health Organisation commitment to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030. Lamivudine (3TC) is widely used in countries wi... Read More about Nanopore sequencing from extraction-free direct PCR of dried serum spots for portable hepatitis B virus drug-resistance typing.

Human Bocavirus infection and respiratory tract disease identified in a UK patient cohort (2020)
Journal Article
Bagasi, A. A., Howson-Wells, H. C., Clark, G., Tarr, A. W., Soo, S., Irving, W. L., & McClure, C. P. (2020). Human Bocavirus infection and respiratory tract disease identified in a UK patient cohort. Journal of Clinical Virology, 129, Article 104453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104453

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Background: Since its first isolation in 2005, Human Bocavirus (HBoV) has been repeatedly associated with acute respiratory tract infections, although its role in pathogenicity remains unclear due to high co-infection rates. Obje... Read More about Human Bocavirus infection and respiratory tract disease identified in a UK patient cohort.

Retrieval of the Complete Coding Sequence of the UK-Endemic Tatenale Orthohantavirus Reveals Extensive Strain Variation and Supports Its Classification as a Novel Species (2020)
Journal Article
Chappell, J. G., Tsoleridis, T., Onianwa, O., Drake, G., Ashpole, I., Dobbs, P., …McClure, C. P. (2020). Retrieval of the Complete Coding Sequence of the UK-Endemic Tatenale Orthohantavirus Reveals Extensive Strain Variation and Supports Its Classification as a Novel Species. Viruses, 12(4), Article 454. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12040454

©2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Orthohantaviruses are globally distributed viruses, associated with rodents and other small mammals. However, data on the circulation of orthohantaviruses within the UK, particularly the UK-end... Read More about Retrieval of the Complete Coding Sequence of the UK-Endemic Tatenale Orthohantavirus Reveals Extensive Strain Variation and Supports Its Classification as a Novel Species.

Discovery and Prevalence of Divergent RNA Viruses in European Field Voles and Rabbits (2019)
Journal Article
Tsoleridis, T., Chappell, J. G., Monchatre-Leroy, E., Umhang, G., Shi, M., Bennett, M., …Ball, J. K. (2019). Discovery and Prevalence of Divergent RNA Viruses in European Field Voles and Rabbits. Viruses, 12(1), Article 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12010047

The advent of unbiased metagenomic virus discovery has revolutionized studies of virus biodiversity and evolution. Despite this, our knowledge of the virosphere, including in mammalian species, remains limited. We used unbiased metagenomic sequencing... Read More about Discovery and Prevalence of Divergent RNA Viruses in European Field Voles and Rabbits.

Expression of human ficolin-2 in hepatocytes confers resistance to infection by diverse hepatotropic viruses (2019)
Journal Article
Irving, W. L., Jalal, P. J., Urbanowicz, R. A., Horncastle, E., Pathak, M., Goddard, C., …Tarr, A. W. (2019). Expression of human ficolin-2 in hepatocytes confers resistance to infection by diverse hepatotropic viruses. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 68(4), 642-648. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000935

The liver-expressed pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) mannose binding lectin (MBL), ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 contribute to the innate immune response by activating complement. Binding of soluble ficolin-2 to viral pathogens can directly neutralize... Read More about Expression of human ficolin-2 in hepatocytes confers resistance to infection by diverse hepatotropic viruses.

InFusion cloning for the generation of biologically relevant HCV chimeric molecular clones (2018)
Book Chapter
King, B., Urbanowicz, R., Tarr, A. W., Ball, J. K., & McClure, C. P. (2019). InFusion cloning for the generation of biologically relevant HCV chimeric molecular clones. In M. Law (Ed.), Hepatitis C Virus Protocols (93-104). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8976-8_6

This chapter describes how to generate chimeric molecular cassettes that are ready to receive PCR-amplified E1/E2 genes using new DNA cloning technology. The method is divided into three sections: (1) generation of a ΔCore-NS2 cassette based upon the... Read More about InFusion cloning for the generation of biologically relevant HCV chimeric molecular clones.

Immunization with a synthetic consensus hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein ectodomain elicits virus-neutralizing antibodies (2018)
Journal Article
Tarr, A. W., Backx, M., Hamed, M. R., Urbanowicz, R. A., McClure, C. P., Brown, R. J., & Ball, J. K. (2018). Immunization with a synthetic consensus hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein ectodomain elicits virus-neutralizing antibodies. Antiviral Research, 160, 25-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.09.005

Global eradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection will require an efficacious vaccine capable of eliciting protective immunity against genetically diverse HCV strains. Natural spontaneous resolution of HCV infection is associated with productio... Read More about Immunization with a synthetic consensus hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein ectodomain elicits virus-neutralizing antibodies.

Development and clinical validation of the Genedrive point-of-care test for qualitative detection of hepatitis C virus (2018)
Journal Article
Llibre, A., Shimakawa, Y., Mottez, E., Ainsworth, S., Buivan, T., Firth, R., …Duffy, D. (2018). Development and clinical validation of the Genedrive point-of-care test for qualitative detection of hepatitis C virus. Gut, 67(11), 2017-2024. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315783

Objective: Recently approved direct acting antivirals provide transformative therapies for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The major clinical challenge remains to identify the undiagnosed patients worldwide, many of whom live in low-income... Read More about Development and clinical validation of the Genedrive point-of-care test for qualitative detection of hepatitis C virus.

Tracking HCV protease population diversity during transmission and susceptibility of founder populations to antiviral therapy (2017)
Journal Article
Khera, T., Todt, D., Vercauteren, K., McClure, C. P., Verhoye, L., Farhoudi, A., …Brown, R. J. (in press). Tracking HCV protease population diversity during transmission and susceptibility of founder populations to antiviral therapy. Antiviral Research, 139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.01.001

Due to the highly restricted species-tropism of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) a limited number of animal models exist for pre-clinical evaluation of vaccines and antiviral compounds. The human-liver chimeric mouse model allows heterologous challenge with c... Read More about Tracking HCV protease population diversity during transmission and susceptibility of founder populations to antiviral therapy.

Human Adaptation of Ebola Virus during the West African Outbreak (2016)
Journal Article
Urbanowicz, R. A., McClure, C. P., Sakuntabhai, A., Sall, A. A., Kobinger, G., Müller, M. A., …Ball, J. K. (2016). Human Adaptation of Ebola Virus during the West African Outbreak. Cell, 167(4), 1079-1087.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.013

The 2013–2016 outbreak of Ebola virus (EBOV) in West Africa was the largest recorded. It began following the cross-species transmission of EBOV from an animal reservoir, most likely bats, into humans, with phylogenetic analysis revealing the cocircul... Read More about Human Adaptation of Ebola Virus during the West African Outbreak.

Novel functional hepatitis C virus glycoprotein isolates identified using an optimized viral pseudotype entry assay (2016)
Journal Article
Urbanowicz, R. A., McClure, C. P., King, B., Mason, C. P., Ball, J. K., & Tarr, A. W. (2016). Novel functional hepatitis C virus glycoprotein isolates identified using an optimized viral pseudotype entry assay. Journal of General Virology, 97(9), 2265-2279. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000537

Retrovirus pseudotypes are a highly tractable model used to study the entry pathways of enveloped viruses. This model has been extensively applied to the study of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry pathway, pre-clinical screening of antiviral antibodi... Read More about Novel functional hepatitis C virus glycoprotein isolates identified using an optimized viral pseudotype entry assay.

Flexible and rapid construction of viral chimeras applied to hepatitis C virus (2016)
Journal Article
McClure, P. C., Urbanowicz, R. A., King, B. J., Cano-Crespo, S., Tarr, A. W., & Ball, J. K. (2016). Flexible and rapid construction of viral chimeras applied to hepatitis C virus. Journal of General Virology, 97(9), 2187-2193. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000530

A novel and broadly applicable strategy combining site directed mutagenesis and DNA assembly for constructing seamless viral chimeras is described using Hepatitis C Virus as an exemplar. Full-length HCV genomic cloning cassettes, which contained flex... Read More about Flexible and rapid construction of viral chimeras applied to hepatitis C virus.

Hepatitis C virus quasispecies and pseudotype analysis from acute infection to chronicity in HIV-1 co-infected individuals (2016)
Journal Article
Ferns, R. B., Tarr, A. W., Hue, S., Urbanowicz, R. A., McClure, C. P., Gilson, R., …Pillay, D. (2016). Hepatitis C virus quasispecies and pseudotype analysis from acute infection to chronicity in HIV-1 co-infected individuals. Virology, 492, 213-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2016.02.003

HIV-1 infected patients who acquire HCV infection have higher rates of chronicity and liver disease progression than patients with HCV mono-infection. Understanding early events in this pathogenic process is important. We applied single genome sequen... Read More about Hepatitis C virus quasispecies and pseudotype analysis from acute infection to chronicity in HIV-1 co-infected individuals.

Discovery of novel alphacoronaviruses in European rodents and shrews (2016)
Journal Article
Tsoleridis, T., Onianwa, O., Horncastle, E., Dayman, E., Zhu, M., Danjittrong, T., …McClure, P. (2016). Discovery of novel alphacoronaviruses in European rodents and shrews. Viruses, 8(3), Article 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8030084

Eight hundred and thirteen European rodents and shrews encompassing seven different species were screened for alphacoronaviruses using PCR detection. Novel alphacoronaviruses were detected in the species Rattus norvegicus, Microtus agrestis, Sorex ar... Read More about Discovery of novel alphacoronaviruses in European rodents and shrews.

Novel human anti-claudin 1 mAbs inhibit hepatitis C virus infection and may synergize with anti-SRB1 mAb (2016)
Journal Article
Paciello, R., Urbanowicz, R. A., Riccio, G., Sasso, E., McClure, C. P., Zambrano, N., …De Lorenzo, C. (2016). Novel human anti-claudin 1 mAbs inhibit hepatitis C virus infection and may synergize with anti-SRB1 mAb. Journal of General Virology, 97(1), 82-94. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000330

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis and liver carcinoma and new therapies based on novel targets are needed. The tight junction protein claudin 1 (CLDN-1) is essential for HCV cell entry and spread, and anti-CLDN-1 rat and m... Read More about Novel human anti-claudin 1 mAbs inhibit hepatitis C virus infection and may synergize with anti-SRB1 mAb.

A diverse panel of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins for use in vaccine research reveals extremes of monoclonal antibody neutralization resistance (2015)
Journal Article
Urbanowicz, R. A., McClure, P., Brown, R. J., Tsoleridis, T., Persson, M. A., Krey, T., …Tarr, A. W. (2016). A diverse panel of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins for use in vaccine research reveals extremes of monoclonal antibody neutralization resistance. Journal of Virology, 90(7), 3288-3301. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02700-15

Despite significant advances in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the need to develop preventative vaccines remains. Identification of the best vaccine candidates and evaluation of their performance in preclinical and clinical devel... Read More about A diverse panel of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins for use in vaccine research reveals extremes of monoclonal antibody neutralization resistance.

Structural flexibility of a conserved antigenic region in Hepatitis C virus glycoprotein E2 recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies (2015)
Journal Article
Meola, A., Tarr, A. V., England, P., Meredith, L. W., McClure, P., Foung, S. K., …Krey, T. (2015). Structural flexibility of a conserved antigenic region in Hepatitis C virus glycoprotein E2 recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies. Journal of Virology, 89(4), 2170-2181. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02190-14

Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) targeting glycoprotein E2 are important for the control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. One conserved antigenic site (amino acids 412 to 423) is disordered in the reported E2 structure, but a synthetic peptide mim... Read More about Structural flexibility of a conserved antigenic region in Hepatitis C virus glycoprotein E2 recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies.

Recombinant Human L-Ficolin Directly Neutralizes Hepatitis C Virus Entry (2014)
Journal Article
Hamed, M. R., Brown, R. J., Zothner, C., Urbanowicz, R. A., Mason, C. P., Krarup, A., …Tarr, A. W. (2014). Recombinant Human L-Ficolin Directly Neutralizes Hepatitis C Virus Entry. Journal of Innate Immunity, 6(5), 676-684. https://doi.org/10.1159/000362209

L-ficolin is a soluble pattern recognition molecule expressed by the liver that contributes to innate immune defense against microorganisms. It is well described that binding of L-ficolin to specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns activates t... Read More about Recombinant Human L-Ficolin Directly Neutralizes Hepatitis C Virus Entry.

Use of short-tandem repeat (STR) fingerprinting to validate sample origins in hepatitis C virus molecular epidemiology studies (2014)
Journal Article
Edwards, V. C., McClure, P., Brown, R. J., Thompson, E., Irving, W. L., & Ball, J. K. (in press). Use of short-tandem repeat (STR) fingerprinting to validate sample origins in hepatitis C virus molecular epidemiology studies. Journal of General Virology, 95(1), https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.057828-0

Sequence analysis is used to define the molecular epidemiology and evolution of the hepatitis C virus. Whilst most studies have shown that individual patients harbour viruses that are derived from a limited number of highly related strains, some rece... Read More about Use of short-tandem repeat (STR) fingerprinting to validate sample origins in hepatitis C virus molecular epidemiology studies.

Hepatitis C patient-derived glycoproteins exhibit marked differences in susceptibility to serum neutralizing antibodies: Genetic subtype defines antigenic but not neutralization serotype (2011)
Journal Article
Tarr, A. W., Urbanowicz, R. A., Hamed, M. R., Albecka, A., McClure, C. P., Brown, R. J., …Ball, J. K. (2011). Hepatitis C patient-derived glycoproteins exhibit marked differences in susceptibility to serum neutralizing antibodies: Genetic subtype defines antigenic but not neutralization serotype. Journal of Virology, 85(9), 4246-4257. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01332-10

Neutralizing antibodies have a role in controlling hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A successful vaccine will need to elicit potently neutralizing antibodies that are capable of preventing the infection of genetically diverse viral isolates. Howeve... Read More about Hepatitis C patient-derived glycoproteins exhibit marked differences in susceptibility to serum neutralizing antibodies: Genetic subtype defines antigenic but not neutralization serotype.