All Outputs (577)

Safety of ceftriaxone in paediatrics: a systematic review protocol (2017)
Journal Article
Zeng, L., Choonara, I., Zhang, L., Xue, S., Chen, Z., & He, M. (2017). Safety of ceftriaxone in paediatrics: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open, 7(8), https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016273

Introduction Ceftriaxone is widely used in children in the treatment of sepsis. However, concerns have been raised about the safety of ceftriaxone, especially in young children. The aim of this review is to systematically evaluate the safety of ceftr... Read More about Safety of ceftriaxone in paediatrics: a systematic review protocol.

DNA methylation of intragenic CpG islands depends on their transcriptional activity during differentiation and disease (2017)
Journal Article
Jeziorska, D. M., Murray, R. J. S., De Gobbi, M., Gaentzsch, R., Garrick, D., Ayyub, H., …Tufarelli, C. (2017). DNA methylation of intragenic CpG islands depends on their transcriptional activity during differentiation and disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(36), E7526-E7535. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703087114

The human genome contains ?30,000 CpG islands (CGIs). While CGIs associated with promoters nearly always remain unmethylated, many of the ?9,000 CGIs lying within gene bodies become methylated during development and differentiation. Both promoter and... Read More about DNA methylation of intragenic CpG islands depends on their transcriptional activity during differentiation and disease.

Nutrient modulation in the management of disease-induced muscle wasting: evidence from human studies (2017)
Journal Article
Brook, M. S., Wilkinson, D. J., & Atherton, P. J. (2017). Nutrient modulation in the management of disease-induced muscle wasting: evidence from human studies. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 20(6), 433-439. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000413

Purpose of review: In addition to being essential for movement, skeletal muscles act as both a store and source of key macronutrients. As such, muscle is an important tissue for whole body homeostasis, undergoing muscle wasting in times of starvation... Read More about Nutrient modulation in the management of disease-induced muscle wasting: evidence from human studies.

A novel D2O tracer method to quantify RNA turnover as a biomarker of de novo ribosomal biogenesis, in vitro, in animal models, and in human skeletal muscle (2017)
Journal Article
Brook, M. S., Wilkinson, D., Mitchell, W. K., Lund, J. N., Phillips, B. E., Szewczyk, N. J., …Atherton, P. J. (2017). A novel D2O tracer method to quantify RNA turnover as a biomarker of de novo ribosomal biogenesis, in vitro, in animal models, and in human skeletal muscle. AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 313(6), Article E681-E689. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00157.2017

Current methods to quantify in vivo RNA dynamics are limited. Here, we developed a novel stable isotope (D2O) methodology to quantify RNA synthesis (i.e., ribosomal biogenesis) in cells, animal models, and humans. First, proliferating C2C12 cells wer... Read More about A novel D2O tracer method to quantify RNA turnover as a biomarker of de novo ribosomal biogenesis, in vitro, in animal models, and in human skeletal muscle.

Retrospective review of paediatric case reports of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis with lamotrigine from an international pharmacovigilance database (2017)
Journal Article
Egunsola, O., Star, K., Juhlin, K., Kardaun, S., Choonara, I., & Sammons, H. (in press). Retrospective review of paediatric case reports of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis with lamotrigine from an international pharmacovigilance database. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 1, Article e000039. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2017-000039

Objectives This study aims to characterise paediatric reports with lamotrigine (LTG) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), and to explore whether potential risk factors can be identified. Design This is a retrospectiv... Read More about Retrospective review of paediatric case reports of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis with lamotrigine from an international pharmacovigilance database.

Associations of fibroblast growth factor 23, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone with 5-year outcomes in a prospective primary care cohort of people with chronic kidney disease stage 3 (2017)
Journal Article
Shardlow, A., McIntyre, N. J., Fluck, R. J., McIntyre, C. W., & Taal, M. W. (2017). Associations of fibroblast growth factor 23, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone with 5-year outcomes in a prospective primary care cohort of people with chronic kidney disease stage 3. BMJ Open, 7(8), Article e016528. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016528

Objectives Vitamin D deficiency, elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) have each been associated with increased mortality in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previous studies have focused on the... Read More about Associations of fibroblast growth factor 23, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone with 5-year outcomes in a prospective primary care cohort of people with chronic kidney disease stage 3.

Osteocalcin, vascular calcification, and atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2017)
Journal Article
Millar, S. A., Patel, H., Anderson, S. I., England, T. J., & O'Sullivan, S. (2017). Osteocalcin, vascular calcification, and atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 8, Article 183. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2017.00183

Background: Osteocalcin (OC) is an intriguing hormone, concomitantly being the most abundant non-collagenous peptide found in the mineralized matrix of bone, and expanding the endocrine function of the skeleton with far reaching extra-osseous effects... Read More about Osteocalcin, vascular calcification, and atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Observational study on the palatability and tolerability of oral prednisolone and oral dexamethasone in children in Saudi Arabia and the UK (2017)
Journal Article
Aljebab, F., Alanazi, M., Choonara, I., & Conroy, S. (2018). Observational study on the palatability and tolerability of oral prednisolone and oral dexamethasone in children in Saudi Arabia and the UK. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 103(1), 83-88. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-312697

Background: Short-course oral corticosteroids are routinely used to treat acute asthma and croup. We evaluated their tolerability and palatability in Saudi Arabian (SA) and UK children. Methods: Prospective observational/interview study (three month... Read More about Observational study on the palatability and tolerability of oral prednisolone and oral dexamethasone in children in Saudi Arabia and the UK.

High prevalence of subclass-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins in adult cystic fibrosis sera: possible mode of immunoprotection against symptomatic C. difficile infection (2017)
Journal Article
Monaghan, T. M., Negm, O. H., MacKenzie, B., Hamed, M. R., Shone, C. C., Humphreys, D., …Wilcox, M. H. (2017). High prevalence of subclass-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins in adult cystic fibrosis sera: possible mode of immunoprotection against symptomatic C. difficile infection. Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology, 10, https://doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S133939

Objectives: Despite multiple risk factors and a high rate of colonization for Clostridium difficile, the occurrence of C. difficile infection in patients with cystic fibrosis is rare. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of binding C.... Read More about High prevalence of subclass-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins in adult cystic fibrosis sera: possible mode of immunoprotection against symptomatic C. difficile infection.

Robotic colorectal surgery: previous laparoscopic colorectal experience is not essential (2017)
Journal Article
Sian, T. S., Tierney, G. M., Park, H., Lund, J. N., Speake, W. J., Hurst, N. G., …Tou, S. (2018). Robotic colorectal surgery: previous laparoscopic colorectal experience is not essential. Journal of Robotic Surgery, 12(2), 271-275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-017-0728-7

A background in minimally invasive colorectal surgery (MICS) has been thought to be essential prior to robotic-assisted colorectal surgery (RACS). Our aim was to determine whether MICS is essential prior to starting RACS training based on results fro... Read More about Robotic colorectal surgery: previous laparoscopic colorectal experience is not essential.

Multicentre prospective observational study of feeding practices in 30–33 weeks preterm infants (2017)
Journal Article
Kwok, T., Kwok, T., Dorling, J., Dorling, J., Ojha, S., & Ojha, S. (2017). Multicentre prospective observational study of feeding practices in 30–33 weeks preterm infants. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 1(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2017-000040

Background: Current evidence supports progressive feeding in preterm infants. Due to lower necrotising enterocolitis risk, recent studies suggest starting total enteral feeding from birth in 30–33 weeks preterm infants. The feasibility of this practi... Read More about Multicentre prospective observational study of feeding practices in 30–33 weeks preterm infants.

The role of oxidative stress in antipsychotics induced ovarian toxicity (2017)
Journal Article
Elmorsy, E., Al-Ghafari, A., Aggour, A. M., Khan, R., & Amer, S. A. (2017). The role of oxidative stress in antipsychotics induced ovarian toxicity. Toxicology in Vitro, 44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2017.07.008

This study tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress could be an underlying mechanism for APs-induced ovarian cytotoxicity and reproductive dysfunction. Rat ovarian theca interstitial cells (TICs) were isolated and treated with four APs [chlorproma... Read More about The role of oxidative stress in antipsychotics induced ovarian toxicity.

Baseline morphine consumption may explain between-study heterogeneity in meta-analyses of adjuvant analgesics and improve precision and accuracy of effect estimates (2017)
Journal Article
Doleman, B., Sutton, A. J., Sherwin, M., Lund, J. N., & Williams, J. P. (2018). Baseline morphine consumption may explain between-study heterogeneity in meta-analyses of adjuvant analgesics and improve precision and accuracy of effect estimates. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 126(2), 648-660. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002237

BACKGROUND: Statistical heterogeneity can increase the uncertainty of results and reduce the quality of evidence derived from systematic reviews. At present, it is uncertain what the major factors are that account for heterogeneity in meta-analyses o... Read More about Baseline morphine consumption may explain between-study heterogeneity in meta-analyses of adjuvant analgesics and improve precision and accuracy of effect estimates.

The physician’s role in perioperative management of older patients undergoing surgery (2017)
Journal Article
Gordon, A. L., Evans, B. J., & Dhesi, J. (2017). The physician’s role in perioperative management of older patients undergoing surgery. Clinical Medicine, 17(4), https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.17-4-357

Life-sustaining and life-improving surgical interventions are increasingly available to older, frailer patients, many of whom have multimorbidity. Physicians can help support perioperative multidisciplinary teams with assessment and preoperative opti... Read More about The physician’s role in perioperative management of older patients undergoing surgery.

A single dose of cannabidiol reduces blood pressure in healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover study (2017)
Journal Article
Jadoon, K. A., Tan, G. D., & O'Sullivan, S. (2017). A single dose of cannabidiol reduces blood pressure in healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover study. JCI insight, 2(11), Article e93760. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.93760

BACKGROUND. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a nonpsychoactive phytocannabinoid used in multiple sclerosis and intractable epilepsies. Preclinical studies show CBD has numerous cardiovascular benefits, including a reduced blood pressure (BP) response to stress.... Read More about A single dose of cannabidiol reduces blood pressure in healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover study.

Remote assessment of platelet function in patients with acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack (2017)
Journal Article
Bath, P. M., May, J., Flaherty, K., Woodhouse, L. J., Dovlatova, N., Fox, S. C., …TARDIS Investigators. (2017). Remote assessment of platelet function in patients with acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Stroke Research and Treatment, 2017, Article 7365684. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7365684

Background: Antiplatelets reduce recurrence after cerebral ischaemia. The international TARDIS trial assessed the safety and efficacy of intensive (combined aspirin, dipyridamole and clopidogrel) versus guideline (aspirin and dipyridamole, or clopido... Read More about Remote assessment of platelet function in patients with acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack.

In vivo cannabidiol treatment improves endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in mesenteric arteries of Zucker diabetic fatty rats (2017)
Journal Article
Wheal, A. J., Jadoon, K., Randall, M. D., & O'Sullivan, S. (2017). In vivo cannabidiol treatment improves endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in mesenteric arteries of Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8, Article 248. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00248

Background and purpose: We have shown that in vitro treatment with cannabidiol (CBD, 2 h) enhances endothelial function in arteries from Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, partly due to a cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated mechanism. The aim of the present... Read More about In vivo cannabidiol treatment improves endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in mesenteric arteries of Zucker diabetic fatty rats.

Functional phosphatome requirement for protein homeostasis, networked mitochondria, and sarcomere structure in C. elegans muscle (2017)
Journal Article
Lehmann, S., Bass, J. J., Barratt, T. F., Ali, M. Z., & Szewczyk, N. J. (2017). Functional phosphatome requirement for protein homeostasis, networked mitochondria, and sarcomere structure in C. elegans muscle. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 8(4), 660-672. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12196

Background: Skeletal muscle is central to locomotion and metabolic homeostasis. The laboratory worm C. elegans has been developed into a genomic model for assessing the genes and signals that regulate muscle development and protein degradation. Past... Read More about Functional phosphatome requirement for protein homeostasis, networked mitochondria, and sarcomere structure in C. elegans muscle.

Factors influencing the decision to attend screening for cancer in the UK: a meta-ethnography of qualitative research (2017)
Journal Article
Young, B., Bedford, L., Kendrick, D., Vedhara, K., Robertson, J., & das Nair, R. (in press). Factors influencing the decision to attend screening for cancer in the UK: a meta-ethnography of qualitative research. Journal of Public Health, https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdx026

Background: This review aimed to better understand experiences of being invited to cancer screening and associated decision-making. Methods: Qualitative evidence explaining UK cancer screening attendance decisions was systematically identified. Data... Read More about Factors influencing the decision to attend screening for cancer in the UK: a meta-ethnography of qualitative research.

Newborn infants with bilious vomiting: a national audit of neonatal transport services (2017)
Journal Article
Ojha, S., Sand, L., Ratnavel, N., Kempley, S., Sinha, A., Mohinuddin, S., …Leslie, A. (2017). Newborn infants with bilious vomiting: a national audit of neonatal transport services. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 102(6), Article F515-518. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-312208

Objective: The precautionary approach to urgently investigate infants with bilious vomiting has increased the numbers referred to transport teams and tertiary surgical centres. The aim of this national UK audit was to quantify referrals, determine th... Read More about Newborn infants with bilious vomiting: a national audit of neonatal transport services.