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Liquid Metal Reconfigurable Phased Array Antenna (2024)
Presentation / Conference
Alkaraki, S., Lin, Q. W., Erman, F., Jilani, S. F., Wang, Z., Wong, H., & Kelly, J. (2024, March). Liquid Metal Reconfigurable Phased Array Antenna. Paper presented at 18th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2024), Glasgow, UK

A design for a phased array antenna using liquid metal (LM) technology is presented. The phased array antenna uses substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) feeding structure to excite a 1×4 printed dipole antenna array. The phase distribution on SIW... Read More about Liquid Metal Reconfigurable Phased Array Antenna.

A Compact High-Gain 28 GHz Antenna Array for Beyond 5G Wireless Networks (2024)
Presentation / Conference
Meates, I., Alkaraki, S., Aslam, M., Abbasi, Q., Andrew Evans, D., & Jilani, S. F. (2024, March). A Compact High-Gain 28 GHz Antenna Array for Beyond 5G Wireless Networks. Poster presented at 18th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2024), Glasgow, UK

X-Band Reconfigurable Phase Shifters Based on SIW and Liquid Metal Technologies (2023)
Presentation / Conference
Alkaraki, S., Quan Wei Lin, Q., Jilani, S. F., Wong, H., Borja, A., Tang, S., …Kelly, J. (2023, December). X-Band Reconfigurable Phase Shifters Based on SIW and Liquid Metal Technologies. Paper presented at 18th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2024), Glasgow, UK

This paper presents three reconfigurable phase shifters operate at X-band and designed utilizing liquid metal (LM). The phase shifters operate at 10 GHz and they have very low insertion loss performance and able to handle high levels of radio frequen... Read More about X-Band Reconfigurable Phase Shifters Based on SIW and Liquid Metal Technologies.

mm-Wave Low Insertion Loss SIW Phase Shifter Based on Liquid Metal Technology (2023)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Qu, Z., & Kelly, J. R. (2024). mm-Wave Low Insertion Loss SIW Phase Shifter Based on Liquid Metal Technology. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Technology Letters, 34(2), 155-158. https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2023.3339200

This letter presents the proof of concept of first liquid metal (LM)-based millimeter-wave (mm-wave) phase shifter that have very low insertion loss (IL) performance. The proposed phase shifter has a phase shift up to 360° with a phase resolution of... Read More about mm-Wave Low Insertion Loss SIW Phase Shifter Based on Liquid Metal Technology.

10 GHz Low Loss Liquid Metal SIW Phase Shifter for Phased Array Antennas (2023)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Lin, Q. W., Borja, A. L., Wang, Z., Wong, H., Tang, S., …Kelly, J. R. (2023). 10 GHz Low Loss Liquid Metal SIW Phase Shifter for Phased Array Antennas. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 71(11), 5045 -5059. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2023.3308160

This article presents a proof of concept demonstrator for a pair of novel phase shifters based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Gallium-based liquid metal (LM) is used to reconfigure each phase shifter. This article presents LM pha... Read More about 10 GHz Low Loss Liquid Metal SIW Phase Shifter for Phased Array Antennas.

Phased Array Antenna System Enabled by Liquid Metal Phase Shifters (2023)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Lin, Q., Kelly, J. R., Wang, Z., & Wong, H. (2023). Phased Array Antenna System Enabled by Liquid Metal Phase Shifters. IEEE Access, 11, 96987-97000. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3308068

This paper introduces a proof of concept design for the first phased array antenna design enabled by liquid metal (LM) technology. The proposed LM phased array antenna system is based on substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) to excite an 1×4 printed... Read More about Phased Array Antenna System Enabled by Liquid Metal Phase Shifters.

Circuits and Antennas Incorporating Gallium-Based Liquid Metal (2023)
Journal Article
Wu, Y., Alkaraki, S., Tang, S., Wang, Y., & Kelly, J. R. (2023). Circuits and Antennas Incorporating Gallium-Based Liquid Metal. Proceedings of the IEEE, 111(8), 955-977. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2023.3285400

This article reviews the application and technology advancement of gallium (Ga)-based liquid metal (LM) in high-frequency circuits and antennas. It discusses the material properties of common LMs, the fluidic channels used to contain LM and their man... Read More about Circuits and Antennas Incorporating Gallium-Based Liquid Metal.

Liquid Metal mm-Wave Phased Array Antenna for 5G Wireless Communication (2023)
Conference Proceeding
Alkaraki, S., Wang, C., Kelly, J., & Jilani, S. F. (2023). Liquid Metal mm-Wave Phased Array Antenna for 5G Wireless Communication. In 2023 17th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) (1-5). https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP57121.2023.10133752

This paper presents a mm-wave phased array antenna enabled by Liquid Metal technology. The proposed mm-wave phased array antenna operate on 26 GHz band and it is intended for 5G wireless applications. The proposed array consists of 1 × 4 array of pri... Read More about Liquid Metal mm-Wave Phased Array Antenna for 5G Wireless Communication.

Millimetre-wave Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Antenna Frontend for Beyond 5G Applications (2023)
Conference Proceeding
Fabianczyk, R. D., Alkaraki, S., Aslam, M., Abbasi, Q., Evans, A., & Jilani, S. F. (2023). Millimetre-wave Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Antenna Frontend for Beyond 5G Applications. In 2023 17th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) (1-4). https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP57121.2023.10133719

This paper presents a millimeter-wave (mmwave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for the fifth-generation (5G) networks and beyond. The proposed antenna frontend aims to deliver a high gain and bandwidth, planar configuration for a compac... Read More about Millimetre-wave Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Antenna Frontend for Beyond 5G Applications.

Continuous Beam Steering Realized by Tunable Ground in a Patch Antenna (2023)
Journal Article
Qu, Z., Zhou, Y., Alkaraki, S., Kelly, J. R., & Gao, Y. (2023). Continuous Beam Steering Realized by Tunable Ground in a Patch Antenna. IEEE Access, 11, 4095-4104. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3235597

A continuously steerable patch antenna employing liquid metal is presented. The proposed antenna employs a novel tunable ground plane together with parasitic steering to steer the direction of the main beam. The tunable ground plane consists of a per... Read More about Continuous Beam Steering Realized by Tunable Ground in a Patch Antenna.

A Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna With Switchable Liquid-Metal Ground Plane (2022)
Journal Article
Qu, Z., Kelly, J. R., Wang, Z., Alkaraki, S., & Gao, Y. (2023). A Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna With Switchable Liquid-Metal Ground Plane. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 22(5), 1045-1049. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2022.3231872

This letter presents a novel reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna that is reconfigured using liquid metal. The proposed antenna employs two approaches in unison to switch the direction of the main beam. Specifically, the antenna uses the parasitic... Read More about A Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna With Switchable Liquid-Metal Ground Plane.

A Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Based on Anisotropic Metamaterial (2022)
Journal Article
Lin, Q., Alkaraki, S., Wong, H., & Kelly, J. R. (2023). A Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Based on Anisotropic Metamaterial. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 71(2), 1254-1262. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2022.3225157

This article presents a novel circularly polarized (CP) antenna based on an anisotropic metamaterial. The antenna is capable of performing linear-to-circular polarization conversion over a wideband of frequencies in the X-band (8-12 GHz). The propose... Read More about A Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Based on Anisotropic Metamaterial.

Techniques for Designing High Gain and Two‐Dimensional Beam Scanning Antennas for 5 G (2022)
Book Chapter
Mittra, R., Nasri, A., Arya, R. K., Chaudhary, P., Ketty, J. R., ALkaraki, S., & Borja, A. L. (2022). Techniques for Designing High Gain and Two‐Dimensional Beam Scanning Antennas for 5 G. In Y. Jay Guo, & R. W. Ziolkowski (Eds.), Antenna and Array Technologies for Future Wireless Ecosystems (43-82). Wiley-IEEE Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119813910.ch2

This chapter presents a number of novel concepts for designing antenna arrays, which achieve high gain levels together with wide-angle scan capability. It begins with the Luneburg lens antenna, which supports beam scanning over a very wide angular ra... Read More about Techniques for Designing High Gain and Two‐Dimensional Beam Scanning Antennas for 5 G.

A Bio-degradable Textile-Based Graphene Antenna for the 5G Smart Wearables (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Thompson, O., Alkaraki, S., Abbasi, Q. H., Jilani, S. F., & Evans, D. A. (2022). A Bio-degradable Textile-Based Graphene Antenna for the 5G Smart Wearables. In 2022 16th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) (1-4). https://doi.org/10.23919/eucap53622.2022.9769657

This paper proposes a bio-degradable antenna design well-suited for the 5 th generation (5G) wearables. This antenna has a graphene patterning instead of conventional metallization on a textile substrate to make it eco-friendly as it avoids copper co... Read More about A Bio-degradable Textile-Based Graphene Antenna for the 5G Smart Wearables.

3D Printed Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array for Millimeter-wave Communication Systems (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Khan, Z. U., Alkaraki, S., Abbasi, Q. H., Imran, M. A., Loh, T. H., & Alomainy, A. (2022). 3D Printed Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array for Millimeter-wave Communication Systems. In 2022 16th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) (1-4). https://doi.org/10.23919/eucap53622.2022.9769598

This paper introduces a 3D printed slotted waveguide linear antenna array at 28 GHz. The proposed antenna offers the advantages of low fabrication cost and reduced weight compared to the metallic slotted waveguide antenna array. The proposed design c... Read More about 3D Printed Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array for Millimeter-wave Communication Systems.

Phase Reconfiguration via SIW Structures Filled with Liquid Metal (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Alkaraki, S., Borja, A. L., Kelly, J., Jilani, S. F., Mittra, R., & Gao, Y. (2022). Phase Reconfiguration via SIW Structures Filled with Liquid Metal. In 2022 16th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) (1-5). https://doi.org/10.23919/eucap53622.2022.9769417

This paper presents substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) phase shifter that can be reconfigured using liquid metal. The phase shifter is developed to be used for antenna applications. This digital phase shifter incorporates a series of holes which ca... Read More about Phase Reconfiguration via SIW Structures Filled with Liquid Metal.

Liquid Metal Enabled SIW Vias and RF Blocking Walls for Reconfigurable Antennas (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Alkaraki, S., Qu, Z., Kelly, J., Borja, A. L., Mittra, R., & Wang, Y. (2022). Liquid Metal Enabled SIW Vias and RF Blocking Walls for Reconfigurable Antennas. In 2022 16th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) (1-5). https://doi.org/10.23919/eucap53622.2022.9769614

This paper presents a method for designing reconfigurable microwave devices based on substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) technology. The method involves forming walls from drill holes that can be filled with liquid metal to form vias. Furthermore,... Read More about Liquid Metal Enabled SIW Vias and RF Blocking Walls for Reconfigurable Antennas.

Reconfigurable Antenna Using Liquid Metal Vias (2021)
Conference Proceeding
Alkaraki, S., Kelly, J., & Wang, Z. (2021). Reconfigurable Antenna Using Liquid Metal Vias. In 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI) (315-316). https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9703756

This paper presents a moderately high directivity (10 dBi) antenna having a reconfigurable radiation pattern. Specifically, the direction of the main beam can be altered. The radiation pattern control is achieved with the aid of a single-pole triple-... Read More about Reconfigurable Antenna Using Liquid Metal Vias.

A Biodegradable Textile-based Graphene Antenna for 5G Wearable Applications (2021)
Conference Proceeding
Nemet, A., Alkaraki, S., H. Abassi, Q., & Fizzah Jilani, S. (2021). A Biodegradable Textile-based Graphene Antenna for 5G Wearable Applications. In 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI) (1583-1584). https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704120

This paper presents a textile-based antenna for the currently deployed fifth-generation (5G) wireless bands. The proposed antenna consists of a coplanar-waveguide (CPW)-fed patch with truncated sides and a pair of L-shaped stubs as a part of ground g... Read More about A Biodegradable Textile-based Graphene Antenna for 5G Wearable Applications.

Reconfigurable Liquid Metal-Based SIW Phase Shifter (2021)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Borja, A. L., Kelly, J. R., Mittra, R., & Gao, Y. (2022). Reconfigurable Liquid Metal-Based SIW Phase Shifter. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 70(1), 323-333. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2021.3124797

This article presents the first substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) phase shifter that can be reconfigured using liquid metal (LM). This digital phase shifter exhibits low insertion loss and is reciprocal and bidirectional. It incorporates a series... Read More about Reconfigurable Liquid Metal-Based SIW Phase Shifter.