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All Outputs (22)

UK flockdown: A survey of smallscale poultry keepers and their understanding of governmental guidance on highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) (2024)
Journal Article
McClaughlin, E., Elliott, S., Jewitt, S., Smallman-Raynor, M., Dunham, S., Parnell, T., …Tarlinton, R. (2024). UK flockdown: A survey of smallscale poultry keepers and their understanding of governmental guidance on highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 224, Article 106117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106117

The scale of the current outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) due to the A/H5N1 virus in the United Kingdom is unprecedented. In addition to its economic impact on the commercial poultry sector, the disease has devastated wild bird co... Read More about UK flockdown: A survey of smallscale poultry keepers and their understanding of governmental guidance on highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI).

Veterinarians’ knowledge and experience of avian influenza and perspectives on control measures in the UK (2024)
Journal Article
Jewitt, S., McClaughlin, E., Elliott, S., Smallman-Raynor, M., Clark, M., Dunham, S., & Tarlinton, R. (2024). Veterinarians’ knowledge and experience of avian influenza and perspectives on control measures in the UK. Veterinary Record, Article e3713. https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.3713

Background: The scale of the outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in 2021–23 due to the influenza A/H5N1 virus is unprecedented. Methods: An online survey was designed to explore veterinarians’ experiences of and confidence in treatin... Read More about Veterinarians’ knowledge and experience of avian influenza and perspectives on control measures in the UK.

Veterinarians' knowledge and experience of avian influenza and perspectives on control measures in the United Kingdom (2024)
Journal Article
Jewitt, S., Mcclaughlin, E., Elliott, S., Smallman-Raynor, M., Clark, M., Dunham, S., & Tarlinton, R. (in press). Veterinarians' knowledge and experience of avian influenza and perspectives on control measures in the United Kingdom. Veterinary Record, Article e3713

Background The scale of the outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in 2021–23 due to the influenza A/H5N1 virus is unprecedented. Methods An online survey was designed to explore veterinarians’ experiences of and confidence in trea... Read More about Veterinarians' knowledge and experience of avian influenza and perspectives on control measures in the United Kingdom.

Exploring the responses of smallscale poultry keepers to avian influenza regulations and guidance in the United Kingdom, with recommendations for improved biosecurity messaging (2023)
Journal Article
Jewitt, S., Smallman-Raynor, M., McClaughlin, E., Clark, M., Dunham, S., Elliott, S., …Tarlinton, R. (2023). Exploring the responses of smallscale poultry keepers to avian influenza regulations and guidance in the United Kingdom, with recommendations for improved biosecurity messaging. Heliyon, 9(9), Article E19211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19211

Understanding how smallscale (‘backyard’) poultry keepers interpret and respond to governmental directives designed to reduce the transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is of paramount importance in preparing for future HPAI outbrea... Read More about Exploring the responses of smallscale poultry keepers to avian influenza regulations and guidance in the United Kingdom, with recommendations for improved biosecurity messaging.

The politics of COVID-19: Government response in comparative perspective (2023)
Journal Article
Landman, T., & Smallman-Raynor, M. (2023). The politics of COVID-19: Government response in comparative perspective. Political Geography, 106, Article 102957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2023.102957

Since its appearance in Wuhan (China) in late December 2019, the geographical spread of COVID-19 and its constituent waves varied in pace and intensity around the world. Responses to the pandemic also varied across the world with high variation in ca... Read More about The politics of COVID-19: Government response in comparative perspective.

Relationships between soil and badger elemental concentrations across a heterogeneously contaminated landscape (2023)
Journal Article
Sartorius, A., Cahoon, M., Corbetta, D., Grau-Roma, L., Johnson, M. F., Sandoval Barron, E., …Bennett, M. (2023). Relationships between soil and badger elemental concentrations across a heterogeneously contaminated landscape. Science of the Total Environment, 869, Article 161684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161684

Understanding the links between environmental and wildlife elemental concentrations is key to help assess ecosystem functions and the potential effects of legacy pollutants. In this study, livers from 448 European badgers (Meles meles) collected acro... Read More about Relationships between soil and badger elemental concentrations across a heterogeneously contaminated landscape.

Tracking the spread of Covid-19 (2022)
Journal Article
Smallman-Raynor, M., & Jewitt, S. (2022). Tracking the spread of Covid-19. Geography Review Magazine, 36(1), 26-30

Communicable diseases are capitalising on our highly connected world to spread as global pandemics. COVID-19 is the most recent example. This article tracks the early stages of the global diffusion of the COVID-19 pandemic, and assesses its rate of s... Read More about Tracking the spread of Covid-19.

Spatial Growth Rate of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Lineages in England, September 2020-December 2021 (2022)
Journal Article
Smallman-Raynor, M. R., & Cliff, A. D. (2022). Spatial Growth Rate of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Lineages in England, September 2020-December 2021. Epidemiology and Infection, 150, Article e145. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268822001285

This paper uses a robust method of spatial epidemiological analysis to assess the spatial growth rate of multiple lineages of SARS-CoV-2 in the local authority areas of England, September 2020-December 2021. Using the genomic surveillance records of... Read More about Spatial Growth Rate of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Lineages in England, September 2020-December 2021.

Domesticating cleaner cookstoves for improved respiratory health: Using approaches from the sanitation sector to explore the adoption and sustained use of improved cooking technologies in Nepal (2022)
Journal Article
Jewitt, S., Smallman-Raynor, M., Binaya, C., Robinson, B., Adhikari, P., Evans, C., …Hall, I. P. (2022). Domesticating cleaner cookstoves for improved respiratory health: Using approaches from the sanitation sector to explore the adoption and sustained use of improved cooking technologies in Nepal. Social Science and Medicine, 308, Article 115201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115201

Drawing on village-based data from Nepal, this paper explores the transferability of the Integrated Behavioural Model for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (IBM-WASH) to the clean cooking sector and its potential to elucidate how barriers to improved coo... Read More about Domesticating cleaner cookstoves for improved respiratory health: Using approaches from the sanitation sector to explore the adoption and sustained use of improved cooking technologies in Nepal.

The Environmental Risk Transition and Changing Health in Low and Middle Income Countries (2022)
Journal Article
Jewitt, S., & Smallman-Raynor, M. (in press). The Environmental Risk Transition and Changing Health in Low and Middle Income Countries. Geography Review Magazine,

Many low and middle income countries continue to experience a transition in the major causes of illness and death as they develop economically. Particularly rapid transitions have been witnessed in some countries of South and Southeast Asia and, to a... Read More about The Environmental Risk Transition and Changing Health in Low and Middle Income Countries.

Meningococcal Meningitis and Coal Mining in Provincial England: Geographical Perspectives on a Major Epidemic, 1929-33 (2021)
Journal Article
Smallman-Raynor, M. R., Cliff, A. D., & Stickler, P. J. (2022). Meningococcal Meningitis and Coal Mining in Provincial England: Geographical Perspectives on a Major Epidemic, 1929-33. Geographical Analysis, 54(1), 197-216. https://doi.org/10.1111/gean.12272

This paper presents the first systematic study of the spatial transmission of the 1929–33 epidemic of meningococcal meningitis and its association with local coal mining communities in three adjacent high incidence counties of England; Nottinghamshir... Read More about Meningococcal Meningitis and Coal Mining in Provincial England: Geographical Perspectives on a Major Epidemic, 1929-33.

Long-Term Changes in Endemic Threshold Populations for Pertussis in England and Wales: A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Lancashire and South Wales, 1940-69 (2020)
Journal Article
Munro, A. D., Smallman-Raynor, M., & Algar, A. C. (2021). Long-Term Changes in Endemic Threshold Populations for Pertussis in England and Wales: A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Lancashire and South Wales, 1940-69. Social Science and Medicine, 288, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113295

Metapopulation dynamics play a critical role in driving endemic persistence and transmission of childhood infections. The endemic threshold concept, also referred to as critical community size (CCS), is a key example and is defined as the minimumpopu... Read More about Long-Term Changes in Endemic Threshold Populations for Pertussis in England and Wales: A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Lancashire and South Wales, 1940-69.

Theresienstadt: A Geographical Picture of Transports, Demography, and Communicable Disease in a Jewish Camp-Ghetto, 1941–45 (2020)
Journal Article
Smallman-Raynor, M. R., & Cliff, A. D. (2020). Theresienstadt: A Geographical Picture of Transports, Demography, and Communicable Disease in a Jewish Camp-Ghetto, 1941–45. Social Science History, 44(4), 615-639. https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2020.23

The Nazi ghetto system was one of the principal vehicles for the persecution of Jewish and other peoples in German-occupied Europe in World War II. Transport and confinement – twin pillars of the ghetto system – were intrinsically geographical matter... Read More about Theresienstadt: A Geographical Picture of Transports, Demography, and Communicable Disease in a Jewish Camp-Ghetto, 1941–45.

Variola minor in England and Wales: the geographical course of a smallpox epidemic and the impediments to effective disease control, 1920–1935 (2017)
Journal Article
Rafferty, S., Smallman-Raynor, M., & Cliff, A. D. (2018). Variola minor in England and Wales: the geographical course of a smallpox epidemic and the impediments to effective disease control, 1920–1935. Journal of Historical Geography, 59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2017.09.006

The 1920–1935 epidemic of variola minor in England and Wales is a prime example of a major smallpox outbreak that spread in a national population with waning levels of vaccine-induced immunity. This paper examines the geographical course of the epide... Read More about Variola minor in England and Wales: the geographical course of a smallpox epidemic and the impediments to effective disease control, 1920–1935.

Deep coal mining and meningococcal meningitis in England and Wales, 1931–38: ecological study, with implications for deep shaft mining activities worldwide (2017)
Journal Article
Smallman-Raynor, M. R., & Cliff, A. D. (2017). Deep coal mining and meningococcal meningitis in England and Wales, 1931–38: ecological study, with implications for deep shaft mining activities worldwide. Health and Place, 47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.08.002

The hypothesized role of deep coal mining in the development of community-based outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis has gone largely unexplored. Taking the coalfields of Britain as a historical testbed, techniques of linear and binomial logistic re... Read More about Deep coal mining and meningococcal meningitis in England and Wales, 1931–38: ecological study, with implications for deep shaft mining activities worldwide.

Variola minor in coalfield areas of England and Wales, 1921–34: geographical determinants of a national smallpox epidemic that spread out of effective control (2017)
Journal Article
Smallman-Raynor, M., Rafferty, S., & Cliffe, A. (in press). Variola minor in coalfield areas of England and Wales, 1921–34: geographical determinants of a national smallpox epidemic that spread out of effective control. Social Science and Medicine, 180, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.03.044

This paper uses techniques of binary logistic regression to identify the spatial determinants of the last national epidemic of smallpox to spread in England and Wales, the variola minor epidemic of 1921–34. Adjusting for age and county-level variatio... Read More about Variola minor in coalfield areas of England and Wales, 1921–34: geographical determinants of a national smallpox epidemic that spread out of effective control.

The diffusion of cholera in Egypt, 1947: a time-space analysis of one of the largest single outbreaks in the twentieth century (2016)
Journal Article
Smallman-Raynor, M., & Cliffe, A. (2016). The diffusion of cholera in Egypt, 1947: a time-space analysis of one of the largest single outbreaks in the twentieth century. Journal of Historical Geography, 54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2016.07.010

The epidemic of cholera that spread through Egypt in the latter months of 1947 was one of the largest single outbreaks of the disease in the twentieth century. Using a swash–backwash model, this paper examines the geographical wave-like spread and su... Read More about The diffusion of cholera in Egypt, 1947: a time-space analysis of one of the largest single outbreaks in the twentieth century.

Geographical perspectives on epidemic transmission of cholera in Haiti, October 2010 through March 2013 (2015)
Journal Article
Smallman-Raynor, M., Cliff, A., & Barford, A. (2015). Geographical perspectives on epidemic transmission of cholera in Haiti, October 2010 through March 2013. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 105(4), https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1050755

The current epidemic of El Tor cholera in the Caribbean republic of Haiti is one of the largest single outbreaks of the disease ever recorded. The prospects are that the epidemic will continue to present challenges to workers in public health medicin... Read More about Geographical perspectives on epidemic transmission of cholera in Haiti, October 2010 through March 2013.