All Outputs (84)

An international multidisciplinary consensus statement on the prevention of opioid-related harm in adult surgical patients (2020)
Journal Article

This international multidisciplinary consensus statement was developed to provide balanced guidance on the safe peri‐operative use of opioids in adults. An international panel of healthcare professionals evaluated the literature relating to postopera... Read More about An international multidisciplinary consensus statement on the prevention of opioid-related harm in adult surgical patients.

In severe alcoholic hepatitis, serum cytokeratin-18 fragments are diagnostic, prognostic and theragnostic biomarkers (2020)
Journal Article

INTRODUCTION: Up to 40% of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH) die within 6 months of presentation, making prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment essential. We determined the associations between serum keratin-18 (K18) and histologi... Read More about In severe alcoholic hepatitis, serum cytokeratin-18 fragments are diagnostic, prognostic and theragnostic biomarkers.

Thiopurine monotherapy is effective in ulcerative colitis but significantly less so in Crohn’s disease: long-term outcomes for 11 928 patients in the UK inflammatory bowel disease bioresource (2020)
Journal Article

Objective Thiopurines are widely used as maintenance therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but the evidence base for their use is sparse and their role increasingly questioned. Using the largest series reported to date, we assessed the long-ter... Read More about Thiopurine monotherapy is effective in ulcerative colitis but significantly less so in Crohn’s disease: long-term outcomes for 11 928 patients in the UK inflammatory bowel disease bioresource.

Seated anorectal manometry during simulated evacuation. A physiological exercise or a new clinically useful diagnostic test? (2020)
Journal Article

Symptoms such as a feeling of incomplete evacuation, straining, absence of the call to stool, anal blockage or digitation suggest the presence a functional defecation disorder. As symptoms do not distinguish between patients with and without function... Read More about Seated anorectal manometry during simulated evacuation. A physiological exercise or a new clinically useful diagnostic test?.

Targeting glutamine synthesis inhibits stem cell adipogenesis in vitro (2020)
Journal Article

Background/Aims: Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and has a metabolic role as a precursor for protein, amino sugar and nucleotide synthesis. After glucose, glutamine is the main source of energy in cells and has recently been sho... Read More about Targeting glutamine synthesis inhibits stem cell adipogenesis in vitro.

Comparison of the reverse bevel versus Franseen type endoscopic ultrasound needle (2020)
Journal Article

BACKGROUND Reverse bevel (RB) needle is widely used for endoscopic ultrasound fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB). A 3-plane symmetrical needle with Franseen geometry (FG) has recently become available. AIM To compare the clinical efficacy of FG to that... Read More about Comparison of the reverse bevel versus Franseen type endoscopic ultrasound needle.

Toll-like Receptor 5 Activation by the CagY Repeat Domains of Helicobacter pylori (2020)
Journal Article

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is an important human pathogen associated with gastric inflammation and neoplasia. It is commonly believed that this bacterium avoids major immune recognition by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) because of low intrinsic activity of... Read More about Toll-like Receptor 5 Activation by the CagY Repeat Domains of Helicobacter pylori.

Role of drugs used for chronic disease management on susceptibility and severity of COVID-19: A large case-control study (2020)
Journal Article

The study aimed to investigate whether specific medications used in the treatment chronic diseases affected either the development and/ or severity of COVID-19 in a cohort of 610 COVID-19 cases and 48,667 population-based controls from Zheijang, Chin... Read More about Role of drugs used for chronic disease management on susceptibility and severity of COVID-19: A large case-control study.

Cold-induced beigeing of stem cell-derived adipocytes is not fully reversible after return to normothermia (2020)
Journal Article

Beige adipocytes possess the morphological and biochemical characteristics of brown adipocytes, including the mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP)1. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are somatic multipotent progenitors which differentiate into lipid-la... Read More about Cold-induced beigeing of stem cell-derived adipocytes is not fully reversible after return to normothermia.

Polygenic architecture informs potential vulnerability to drug-induced liver injury (2020)
Journal Article

Drug-Induced-Liver-Injury (DILI) is a leading cause of termination in drug development programs and removal of drugs from the market, and this is partially due to the inability to identify patients who are at risk1. Here, we developed a polygenic ris... Read More about Polygenic architecture informs potential vulnerability to drug-induced liver injury.

Understanding the mechanisms of efficacy of fecal microbiota transplant in treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection and beyond: the contribution of gut microbial-derived metabolites (2020)
Journal Article

Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a highly-effective therapy for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI), and shows promise for certain non-CDI indications. However, at present, its mechanisms of efficacy have remained poorly understo... Read More about Understanding the mechanisms of efficacy of fecal microbiota transplant in treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection and beyond: the contribution of gut microbial-derived metabolites.

Fasting and surgery timing (FaST) audit (2020)
Journal Article

Background & aims International guidance advocates the avoidance of prolonged preoperative fasting due to its negative impact on perioperative hydration. This study aimed to assess the adherence to these guidelines for fasting in patients undergoi... Read More about Fasting and surgery timing (FaST) audit.

Turning ‘waiting lists’ for elective surgery into ‘preparation lists’ (2020)
Journal Article

Waiting lists for surgery are an integral part of the UK National Health Service (NHS); they are used as a construct to ration surgery and to reduce costs, whilst simultaneously attempting to distribute limited health resources in an equitable manner... Read More about Turning ‘waiting lists’ for elective surgery into ‘preparation lists’.

Obesity, diabetes, coffee, tea and cannabis use alter risk for alcohol-related cirrhosis in two large cohorts of high-risk drinkers (2020)
Journal Article

Background: Sustained high alcohol intake is necessary but not sufficient to produce alcohol-related cirrhosis. Identification of risk factors, apart from lifetime alcohol exposure, would assist in discovery of mechanisms and prediction of risk.... Read More about Obesity, diabetes, coffee, tea and cannabis use alter risk for alcohol-related cirrhosis in two large cohorts of high-risk drinkers.

Genome-wide association study and meta-analysis on alcohol-related liver cirrhosis identifies novel genetic risk factors (2020)
Journal Article

Only a minority of heavy drinkers progress to alcohol?related cirrhosis (ALC). The aim of this study was to identify common genetic variants that underlie risk for ALC. We analyzed data from 1,128 subjects of European ancestry with ALC and 614 heavy... Read More about Genome-wide association study and meta-analysis on alcohol-related liver cirrhosis identifies novel genetic risk factors.

COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation and escalation of patient care: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study (2020)
Journal Article

Background: A subset of patients with severe COVID-19 develop a hyperinflammatory syndrome, which might contribute to morbidity and mortality. This study explores a specific phenotype of COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation (COV-HI), and its associa... Read More about COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation and escalation of patient care: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study.

Unraveling the behavior of oral drug products inside the human gastrointestinal tract using the aspiration technique: history, methodology and applications (2020)
Journal Article

Fluid sampling from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has been applied as a valuable tool to gain more insight into the fluids present in the human GI tract and to explore the dynamic interplay of drug release, dissolution, precipitation and absorption... Read More about Unraveling the behavior of oral drug products inside the human gastrointestinal tract using the aspiration technique: history, methodology and applications.

Processing Apples to Puree or Juice Speeds Gastric Emptying and Reduces Postprandial Intestinal Volumes and Satiety in Healthy Adults (2020)
Journal Article

Background: Whole apples produce greater satiety than processed apples, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: Our aim was to assess the intragastric processing of apple preparations and the associated small and large bowel conten... Read More about Processing Apples to Puree or Juice Speeds Gastric Emptying and Reduces Postprandial Intestinal Volumes and Satiety in Healthy Adults.

Feasibility Study of a New MRI Mini-Capsule Device to Measure Whole Gut Transit Time in Pediatric Constipation (2020)
Journal Article

Objective: In England, 27,500 children are referred annually to hospital with constipation. An objective measure of whole gut transit time (WGTT) could aid management. The current standard WGTT assessment, the X-ray radiopaque marker (ROM) test, give... Read More about Feasibility Study of a New MRI Mini-Capsule Device to Measure Whole Gut Transit Time in Pediatric Constipation.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis care in India (2020)
Journal Article