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All Outputs (318)

Effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against vaccine serotype pneumococcal pneumonia in adults: a case-control test-negative design study (2020)
Journal Article

Background: Vaccination with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is available in the UK to adults aged 65 years or over and those in defined clinical risk groups. We evaluated the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of PPV23 against vac... Read More about Effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against vaccine serotype pneumococcal pneumonia in adults: a case-control test-negative design study.

Risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures in asthma due to oral and inhaled corticosteroids: two population-based nested case-control studies (2020)
Journal Article

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. Background Inhaled (ICS) and oral (OCS) corticosteroids are used widely in asthma; however, the risk of osteoporosis and fragility fracture (... Read More about Risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures in asthma due to oral and inhaled corticosteroids: two population-based nested case-control studies.

Predominant DNMT and TET mediate effects of allergen on the human bronchial epithelium in a controlled air pollution exposure study (2020)
Journal Article

Background Epidemiological data show that traffic-related air pollution contributes to the increasing prevalence and severity of asthma. DNA methylation (DNAm) changes may elucidate adverse health effects of environmental exposures. Objectives... Read More about Predominant DNMT and TET mediate effects of allergen on the human bronchial epithelium in a controlled air pollution exposure study.

TWIST1 DNA methylation is a cell marker of airway and parenchymal lung fibroblasts that are differentially methylated in asthma (2020)
Journal Article

© 2020 The Author(s). Background: Mesenchymal fibroblasts are ubiquitous cells that maintain the extracellular matrix of organs. Within the lung, airway and parenchymal fibroblasts are crucial for lung development and are altered with disease, but it... Read More about TWIST1 DNA methylation is a cell marker of airway and parenchymal lung fibroblasts that are differentially methylated in asthma.

Outcome of Hospitalization for COVID-19 in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease: An International Multicenter Study (2020)
Journal Article

Rationale: The impact of COVID-19 on patients with Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) has not been established. Objectives: To assess outcomes in patients with ILD hospitalized for COVID-19 versus those without ILD in a contemporaneous age, sex and como... Read More about Outcome of Hospitalization for COVID-19 in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease: An International Multicenter Study.

Composite type-2 biomarker strategy versus a symptom–risk-based algorithm to adjust corticosteroid dose in patients with severe asthma: a multicentre, single-blind, parallel group, randomised controlled trial (2020)
Journal Article

Background Asthma treatment guidelines recommend increasing corticosteroid dose to control symptoms and reduce exacerbations. This approach is potentially flawed because symptomatic asthma can occur without corticosteroid responsive type-2 (T2)-driv... Read More about Composite type-2 biomarker strategy versus a symptom–risk-based algorithm to adjust corticosteroid dose in patients with severe asthma: a multicentre, single-blind, parallel group, randomised controlled trial.

Short physical performance battery as a practical tool to assess mortality risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020)
Journal Article

RATIONALE: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of mortality and common in older adults. The BODE Index is the most recognised mortality risk score in COPD but includes a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) that is seldom available i... Read More about Short physical performance battery as a practical tool to assess mortality risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Submaximal Eccentric Cycling in People With COPD: Acute Whole-Body Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Metabolic Responses (2020)
Journal Article

© 2020 American College of Chest Physicians Background: Eccentric cycling (ECC) may be an attractive exercise method in COPD because of both low cardiorespiratory demand and perception of effort compared with conventional concentric cycling (CON) at... Read More about Submaximal Eccentric Cycling in People With COPD: Acute Whole-Body Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Metabolic Responses.

Hyperpolarised xenon MRI and time-resolved X-ray computed tomography studies of structure-transport relationships in hierarchical porous media (2020)
Journal Article

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Catalysed diesel particulate filter (DPF) monoliths are hierarchical porous solids, as demonstrated by mercury porosimetry. Establishing structure-transport relationships, including assessing the general accessibility of the cata... Read More about Hyperpolarised xenon MRI and time-resolved X-ray computed tomography studies of structure-transport relationships in hierarchical porous media.

Do working practices of cancer nurse specialists improve clinical outcomes? Retrospective cohort analysis from the English National Lung Cancer Audit (2020)
Journal Article

Background Cancer nurse specialists are advanced practitioners who offer continuity of care and expert support for people diagnosed with specific cancers. Health Education England's Cancer Workforce Plan prioritises expansion of cancer nurse special... Read More about Do working practices of cancer nurse specialists improve clinical outcomes? Retrospective cohort analysis from the English National Lung Cancer Audit.

Patients' attitudes towards cost feedback to doctors to prevent unnecessary testing: a qualitative focus group study (2020)
Journal Article

© 2020 The Authors Objectives: There is a need to improve efficiency in healthcare delivery without compromising quality of care. One approach is the development and evaluation of behavioural strategies to reduce unnecessary use of common tests. Howe... Read More about Patients' attitudes towards cost feedback to doctors to prevent unnecessary testing: a qualitative focus group study.

Assessing the impact of posture on diaphragm morphology and function using an open upright MRI system – a pilot study (2020)
Journal Article

Purpose The diaphragm is the most important muscle of respiration. Disorders of the diaphragm can have a deleterious impact on respiratory function. We aimed to evaluate the use of an open-configuration upright low-field MRI system to assess diaphra... Read More about Assessing the impact of posture on diaphragm morphology and function using an open upright MRI system – a pilot study.

Gene expression and in situ protein profiling of candidate SARS-CoV-2 receptors in human airway epithelial cells and lung tissue (2020)
Journal Article

In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV, the agent responsible for the 2003 SARS outbreak, utilises angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (AC... Read More about Gene expression and in situ protein profiling of candidate SARS-CoV-2 receptors in human airway epithelial cells and lung tissue.

Urinary Leukotriene E4 and Prostaglandin D2 Metabolites Increase in Adult and Childhood Severe Asthma Characterized by Type-2 Inflammation (2020)
Journal Article

Rationale: New approaches are needed to guide personalized treatment of asthma. Objective: To test if urinary eicosanoid metabolites can direct asthma phenotyping. Methods: Urinary metabolites of prostaglandins (PG), cysteinyl-leukotrienes (LT)... Read More about Urinary Leukotriene E4 and Prostaglandin D2 Metabolites Increase in Adult and Childhood Severe Asthma Characterized by Type-2 Inflammation.

Molecular Complexity of Lymphovascular Invasion: The Role of Cell Migration in Breast Cancer as a Prototype (2020)
Journal Article

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is associated with poor outcome in breast cancer (BC); however, its underlying mechanisms remain ill-defined. LVI in BC develops through complex molecular pathways involving not only the interplay with the surrounding mi... Read More about Molecular Complexity of Lymphovascular Invasion: The Role of Cell Migration in Breast Cancer as a Prototype.