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A review of recent evidence relating to sugars, insulin resistance and diabetes (2016)
Journal Article
MacDonald, I. A. (in press). A review of recent evidence relating to sugars, insulin resistance and diabetes. European Journal of Nutrition, 55(S2), https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1340-8

The potential impact on health of diets rich in free sugars, and particularly fructose, is of major concern. The focus of this review is the impact of these sugars on insulin resistance and obesity, and the associated risk of developing type 2 diabet... Read More about A review of recent evidence relating to sugars, insulin resistance and diabetes.

Injections of Predatory Bacteria Work Alongside Host Immune Cells to Treat Shigella Infection in Zebrafish Larvae (2016)
Journal Article
Willis, A. R., Moore, C., Mazon-Moya, M., Krokowski, S., Lambert, C., Till, R., …Sockett, R. E. (2016). Injections of Predatory Bacteria Work Alongside Host Immune Cells to Treat Shigella Infection in Zebrafish Larvae. Current Biology, 26(24), 3343-3351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.067

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus are predatory bacteria that invade and kill a range of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens in natural environments and in vitro [ 1 and 2]. In this study, we investigated Bdellovibrio as an injected, antibacterial treatment i... Read More about Injections of Predatory Bacteria Work Alongside Host Immune Cells to Treat Shigella Infection in Zebrafish Larvae.

Selective sweep on human amylase genes postdates the split with Neanderthals (2016)
Journal Article
Inchley, C. E., Larbey, C. D., Shwan, N. A., Pagani, L., Saag, L., Antão, T., …Kivisild, T. (in press). Selective sweep on human amylase genes postdates the split with Neanderthals. Scientific Reports, 6, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37198

Humans have more copies of amylase genes than other primates. It is still poorly understood, however, when the copy number expansion occurred and whether its spread was enhanced by selection. Here we assess amylase copy numbers in a global sample of... Read More about Selective sweep on human amylase genes postdates the split with Neanderthals.

Unravelling the Genome-Wide Contributions of Specific 2-Alkyl-4-Quinolones and PqsE to Quorum Sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2016)
Journal Article
Rampioni, G., Falcone, M., Heeb, S., Frangipani, E., Fletcher, M. P., Dubern, J., …Williams, P. (2016). Unravelling the Genome-Wide Contributions of Specific 2-Alkyl-4-Quinolones and PqsE to Quorum Sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS Pathogens, 12(11), e1006029. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006029

The pqs quorum sensing (QS) system is crucial for Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence both in vitro and in animal models of infection and is considered an ideal target for the development of anti-virulence agents. However, the precise role played by eac... Read More about Unravelling the Genome-Wide Contributions of Specific 2-Alkyl-4-Quinolones and PqsE to Quorum Sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Carbene footprinting accurately maps binding sites in protein–ligand and protein–protein interactions (2016)
Journal Article
Manzi, L., Barrow, A. S., Scott, D., Layfield, R., Wright, T. G., Moses, J. E., & Oldham, N. J. (2016). Carbene footprinting accurately maps binding sites in protein–ligand and protein–protein interactions. Nature Communications, 7, Article 13288. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13288

Specific interactions between proteins and their binding partners are fundamental to life processes. The ability to detect protein complexes, and map their sites of binding, is crucial to understanding basic biology at the molecular level. Methods th... Read More about Carbene footprinting accurately maps binding sites in protein–ligand and protein–protein interactions.

Targeting the D-series resolvin receptor system for the treatment of osteoarthritic pain (2016)
Journal Article
Huang, J., Burston, J. J., Li, L., Ashraf, S., Mapp, P. I., Bennett, A. J., …Chapman, V. (2017). Targeting the D-series resolvin receptor system for the treatment of osteoarthritic pain. Arthritis and Rheumatology, 69(5), 996-1008. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.40001

Objective: Pain is a major symptom of osteoarthritis (OA); current analgesics either do not offer adequate pain relief or are associated with serious side effects. Herein we have investigated the therapeutic potential of targeting the resolvin recept... Read More about Targeting the D-series resolvin receptor system for the treatment of osteoarthritic pain.

Why many Batesian mimics are inaccurate: evidence from hoverfly colour patterns (2016)
Journal Article
Taylor, C. H., Reader, T., & Gilbert, F. (2016). Why many Batesian mimics are inaccurate: evidence from hoverfly colour patterns. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 283(1842), https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1585

Mimicry is considered a classic example of the elaborate adaptations that natural selection can produce, yet often similarity between Batesian (harmless) mimics and their unpalatable models is far from perfect. Variation in mimetic accuracy is a puzz... Read More about Why many Batesian mimics are inaccurate: evidence from hoverfly colour patterns.

27 years of benthic and coral community dynamics on turbid, highly urbanised reefs off Singapore (2016)
Journal Article
Guest, J., Tun, K., Vergés, A., Marzinelli, E., Campbell, A., Bauman, A., …Steinberg, P. (in press). 27 years of benthic and coral community dynamics on turbid, highly urbanised reefs off Singapore. Scientific Reports, 6, Article 36260. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36260

Coral cover on reefs is declining globally due to coastal development, overfishing and climate change. Reefs isolated from direct human influence can recover from natural acute disturbances, but little is known about long term recovery of reefs exper... Read More about 27 years of benthic and coral community dynamics on turbid, highly urbanised reefs off Singapore.

A multiscale method to calculate filter blockage (2016)
Journal Article
Dalwadi, M. P., Bruna, M., & Griffiths, I. M. (in press). A multiscale method to calculate filter blockage. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 809, https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.656

Filters that act by adsorbing contaminant onto their pore walls will experience a decrease in porosity over time, and may eventually block. As adsorption will generally be greater towards the entrance of a filter, where the concentration of contamina... Read More about A multiscale method to calculate filter blockage.

Comparative morphological trade-offs between pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection in Giant hissing cockroaches (Tribe: Gromphadorhini) (2016)
Journal Article
Durrant, K. L., Skicko, I. M., Sturrock, C., & Mowles, S. L. (in press). Comparative morphological trade-offs between pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection in Giant hissing cockroaches (Tribe: Gromphadorhini). Scientific Reports, 6, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36755

Sperm competition theory predicts that animals face a trade-off between investment in weaponry and investment in ejaculate composition. Within the Madagascan giant hissing cockroaches (Tribe Gromphadorhini) differences in morphology exist that may in... Read More about Comparative morphological trade-offs between pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection in Giant hissing cockroaches (Tribe: Gromphadorhini).

Human Adaptation of Ebola Virus during the West African Outbreak (2016)
Journal Article
Urbanowicz, R. A., McClure, C. P., Sakuntabhai, A., Sall, A. A., Kobinger, G., Müller, M. A., …Ball, J. K. (2016). Human Adaptation of Ebola Virus during the West African Outbreak. Cell, 167(4), 1079-1087.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.013

The 2013–2016 outbreak of Ebola virus (EBOV) in West Africa was the largest recorded. It began following the cross-species transmission of EBOV from an animal reservoir, most likely bats, into humans, with phylogenetic analysis revealing the cocircul... Read More about Human Adaptation of Ebola Virus during the West African Outbreak.

Making Silicone Rubber Highly Resistant to Bacterial Attachment Using Thiol-ene Grafting (2016)
Journal Article
Magennis, E. P., Hook, A. L., Williams, P., & Alexander, M. R. (2016). Making Silicone Rubber Highly Resistant to Bacterial Attachment Using Thiol-ene Grafting. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 8(45), 30780-30787. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b10986

Biomedical devices are indispensable in modern medicine yet offer surfaces that promote bacterial attachment and biofilm formation, resulting in acute and chronic healthcare-associated infections. We have developed a simple method to graft acrylates... Read More about Making Silicone Rubber Highly Resistant to Bacterial Attachment Using Thiol-ene Grafting.

Insecticide resistance mediated 1 by an exon skipping event (2016)
Journal Article
Berger, M., Puinean, A. M., Randall, E., Zimmer, C. T., Silva, W. M., Bielza, P., …Bass, C. (2016). Insecticide resistance mediated 1 by an exon skipping event. Molecular Ecology, 25(22), https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13882

Many genes increase coding capacity by alternate exon usage. The gene encoding the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) a6 subunit, target of the bio-insecticide spinosad, is one example of this and expands protein diversity via alternativ... Read More about Insecticide resistance mediated 1 by an exon skipping event.

The amino-terminal domain of the androgen receptor co-opts extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) docking sites in ELK1 protein to induce sustained gene activation that supports prostate cancer cell growth (2016)
Journal Article
Rosati, R., Patki, M., Chari, V., Dakshnamurthy, S., McFall, T., Saxton, J., …Ratnam, M. (2016). The amino-terminal domain of the androgen receptor co-opts extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) docking sites in ELK1 protein to induce sustained gene activation that supports prostate cancer cell growth. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 291(50), 25983-25998. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M116.745596

The ETS domain transcription factor ELK1 is in a repressive association with growth genes and is transiently activated through phosphorylation by ERK1/2. In prostate cancer (PCa) cells the androgen receptor (AR) is recruited by ELK1, via its amino-te... Read More about The amino-terminal domain of the androgen receptor co-opts extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) docking sites in ELK1 protein to induce sustained gene activation that supports prostate cancer cell growth.

CD8 + T Cells and Macrophages Regulate Pathogenesis in a Mouse Model of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (2016)
Journal Article
Coleman, C. M., Sisk, J. M., Halasz, G., Zhong, J., Beck, S. E., Matthews, K. L., …Frieman, M. B. (2017). CD8 + T Cells and Macrophages Regulate Pathogenesis in a Mouse Model of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Journal of Virology, 91(1), https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01825-16

© 2016 American Society for Microbiology. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an important emerging pathogen that was first described in 2012. While the cell surface receptor for MERS-CoV has been identified as dipeptidyl pepti... Read More about CD8 + T Cells and Macrophages Regulate Pathogenesis in a Mouse Model of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.

STAT2 is a pervasive cytokine regulator due to its inhibition of STAT1 in multiple signaling pathways (2016)
Journal Article
Ho, J., Pelzel, C., Begitt, A., Mee, M., Elsheikha, H. M., Scott, D. J., & Vinkemeier, U. (2016). STAT2 is a pervasive cytokine regulator due to its inhibition of STAT1 in multiple signaling pathways. PLoS Biology, 14(10), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2000117

STAT2 is the quintessential transcription factor for type 1 interferons (IFNs), where it functions as a heterodimer with STAT1. However, the human and murine STAT2-deficient phenotypes suggest important additional and currently unidentified type 1 IF... Read More about STAT2 is a pervasive cytokine regulator due to its inhibition of STAT1 in multiple signaling pathways.

cAMP Signals in Drosophila Motor Neurons Are Confined to Single Synaptic Boutons (2016)
Journal Article
Maiellaro, I., Lohse, M., Kittel, R., & Calebiro, D. (2016). cAMP Signals in Drosophila Motor Neurons Are Confined to Single Synaptic Boutons. Cell Reports, 17(5), 1238-1246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.090

The second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) plays an important role in synaptic plasticity. Although there is evidence for local control of synaptic transmission and plasticity, it is less clear whether a similar spatial confinement of cAMP signaling exis... Read More about cAMP Signals in Drosophila Motor Neurons Are Confined to Single Synaptic Boutons.

Transendothelial migration of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells across uterine endothelial monolayers: junctional dynamics and putative mechanisms (2016)
Journal Article
Ebrahim, N. A., & Leach, L. (2016). Transendothelial migration of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells across uterine endothelial monolayers: junctional dynamics and putative mechanisms. Placenta, 48, 87-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2016.10.014

Introduction: During pregnancy, fetal stem cells can transfer to the maternal circulation and participate in tissue repair. How they transmigrate across maternal endothelial barriers and whether they can subsequently influence maternal endothelial in... Read More about Transendothelial migration of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells across uterine endothelial monolayers: junctional dynamics and putative mechanisms.