All Outputs (10)

The trade-GDP ratio as a measure of openness (2022)
Journal Article

The ratio of trade to GDP is often used as a summary measure of a country's openness to the rest of the world. It is well known that the trade-GDP ratio is affected by relatively time-invariant factors, such as country size and remoteness from tradin... Read More about The trade-GDP ratio as a measure of openness.

Timing of environmental technological choice and trade unions' climate solidarity (2022)
Journal Article

We consider a Cournot duopoly consisting of two geographically separated firms, each associated with a local environmental-friendly trade union that exhibits climate solidarity. In the basic model, firms choose abatement technologies prior to bargain... Read More about Timing of environmental technological choice and trade unions' climate solidarity.

Reserve Volatility and the Identification of Exchange Rate Regimes (2021)
Journal Article

Should exchange rate regime classifications be based purely on some measure of exchange rate flexibility, or should such flexibility be judged in proportion to the degree of exchange market pressure (EMP), as reflected in the behaviour of internation... Read More about Reserve Volatility and the Identification of Exchange Rate Regimes.

Exchange Rate Flexibility: How Should We Measure It? (2020)
Journal Article

This paper first examines some recent exchange rate classification schemes. There is little evidence of a trend towards greater agreement between schemes. There is a probability of between 16 and 28 percent that a peg in one classification scheme is... Read More about Exchange Rate Flexibility: How Should We Measure It?.

De facto exchange rate regime classifications: an evaluation (2016)
Journal Article

There exist several statistically-based exchange rate regime classifications that disagree with one another to a disappointing degree. To what extent is this a matter of the quality of the design of these schemes, and to what extent does it reflect t... Read More about De facto exchange rate regime classifications: an evaluation.

Measuring exchange rate flexibility by regression methods (2016)
Journal Article

A new and easily implemented regression method is proposed for generating an index of exchange rate flexibility, whilst simultaneously identifying anchors of pegged currencies. The method can distinguish floats from pegs, including those with occasio... Read More about Measuring exchange rate flexibility by regression methods.

What determines pension insurance participation in China?: triangulation and the intertwined relationship among employers, employees and the government (2016)
Journal Article

The current study draws on the Advocacy Coalition Framework to examine what determines employees’ pension participation in China. For the purpose of exploring which employees actually receive pension coverage and why, econometric analysis was conduct... Read More about What determines pension insurance participation in China?: triangulation and the intertwined relationship among employers, employees and the government.

Global trends in the choice of exchange rate regime (2015)
Journal Article

The raw data suggest that the global trend towards greater exchange rate flexibility that was evident before 1990 has since stopped. An optimum currency area (OCA) model of exchange rate regime choice is estimated. Four different schemes for classify... Read More about Global trends in the choice of exchange rate regime.

Net foreign assets and real exchange rates revisited (2014)
Journal Article

Theory suggests a significant positive relationship in long-run equilibrium between the net foreign assets (NFA) of a country and its real exchange rate. Empirical tests have ignored two issues: the large variation in cross-country trade/GDP ratios,... Read More about Net foreign assets and real exchange rates revisited.

Exchange Rates and Trade Balance Adjustment: A Multi-Country Empirical Analysis (2014)
Journal Article

This study assesses the response of the trade balance to exchange rate fluctuations across a large number of countries. Fixed-effects regressions are estimated for three country groups (industrial, developing and emerging markets) on annual data for... Read More about Exchange Rates and Trade Balance Adjustment: A Multi-Country Empirical Analysis.