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In situ monitoring of galactolipid digestion by infrared spectroscopy in both model micelles and spinach chloroplasts (2023)
Journal Article
Sahaka, M., Mateos-Diaz, E., Amara, S., Wattanakul, J., Gray, D., Lafont, D., …Carrière, F. (2023). In situ monitoring of galactolipid digestion by infrared spectroscopy in both model micelles and spinach chloroplasts. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 252, 105291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105291

Galactolipids are the main lipids from plant photosynthetic membranes and they can be digested by pancreatic lipase related protein 2 (PLRP2), an enzyme found in the pancreatic secretion in many animal species. Here, we used transmission Fourier-tran... Read More about In situ monitoring of galactolipid digestion by infrared spectroscopy in both model micelles and spinach chloroplasts.

Chloroplast/thylakoid-rich material: A possible alternative to the chemically synthesised flow enhancer polyglycerol polyricinoleate in oil-based systems (2023)
Journal Article
Sutcharit, P., Wattanakul, J., Price, R., Di Bari, V., Gould, J., Yakubov, G., …Gray, D. A. (2023). Chloroplast/thylakoid-rich material: A possible alternative to the chemically synthesised flow enhancer polyglycerol polyricinoleate in oil-based systems. Food Research International, 165, Article 112472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112472

Chloroplasts are abundant organelles in a diverse range of plant materials; they are predominantly composed of multicomponent thylakoid membranes which are lipid and protein rich. Intact or unravelled thylakoid membranes should, in principle, have in... Read More about Chloroplast/thylakoid-rich material: A possible alternative to the chemically synthesised flow enhancer polyglycerol polyricinoleate in oil-based systems.

Linking the yield stress functionality of polyglycerol polyricinoleate in a highly filled suspension to its molecular properties (2022)
Journal Article
Price, R., Gray, D., Watson, N., Vieira, J., & Wolf, B. (2022). Linking the yield stress functionality of polyglycerol polyricinoleate in a highly filled suspension to its molecular properties. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 165, Article 113704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113704

Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) is a food emulsifier with a unique yield stress reducing efficacy in fat-based suspensions. There are many commercially available PGPRs, and the different products vary in their impact on the yield stress. Choosing... Read More about Linking the yield stress functionality of polyglycerol polyricinoleate in a highly filled suspension to its molecular properties.

Is oral lipid-based delivery for drug targeting to the brain feasible? (2022)
Journal Article
Brookes, A., Ji, L., Bradshaw, T. D., Stocks, M., Gray, D., Butler, J., & Gershkovich, P. (2022). Is oral lipid-based delivery for drug targeting to the brain feasible?. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 172, 112-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.02.004

This review outlines the feasibility of oral lipid-based targeted delivery of drugs to the brain, including permeation of the central nervous system's (CNS) protective blood–brain barrier (BBB). The structure of the BBB and disruption caused by varyi... Read More about Is oral lipid-based delivery for drug targeting to the brain feasible?.

A mathematical model of a single seed oleosome (2021)
Journal Article
Meacci, L., di Bari, V., Ausas, R. F., Mut, F., Gray, D. A., & Buscaglia, G. C. (2021). A mathematical model of a single seed oleosome. Applied Mathematics, 9, Article 100128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinam.2020.100128

© 2020 The Authors In this work we report for the first time a mathematical approach to model the behaviour of a single oleosome (oil body) within a seed cellular environment. To describe the behaviour of the oleosome membrane, we adopted a dynamical... Read More about A mathematical model of a single seed oleosome.

Food biotechnology (2020)
Journal Article
Foster, T., Adams, G., di Bari, V., Connerton, I., Gould, J., Gouseti, O., …Yakubov, G. (2020). Food biotechnology. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, 30, 53-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2020.08.006

We investigate recent advances in the Chemical Engineering aspects of food structuring agents and macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, and also the fate of food upon ingestion. Prebiotic effects on host-microbe interactions enable impr... Read More about Food biotechnology.

Spinach leaf and chloroplast lipid: A natural rheology modifier for chocolate? (2020)
Journal Article
Mohamad, N. J., Gray, D., & Wolf, B. (2020). Spinach leaf and chloroplast lipid: A natural rheology modifier for chocolate?. Food Research International, 133, Article 109193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109193

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd In this study the possibility of replacing current surfactants in chocolate formulations with natural lipids extracted from spinach leaf (SPLIP) or spinach chloroplast (CH.SPLIP) was evaluated. SPLIP and CH.SPLIP were extracted wi... Read More about Spinach leaf and chloroplast lipid: A natural rheology modifier for chocolate?.

In vitro digestion of galactolipids from chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) of postharvest pea vine field residue (halum) and spinach leaves (2019)
Journal Article
Wattanakul, J., Sahaka, M., Amara, S., Mansor, S., Gontero, B., Carrière, F., & Gray, D. (2019). In vitro digestion of galactolipids from chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) of postharvest pea vine field residue (halum) and spinach leaves. Food and Function, 10(12), 7806-7817. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9FO01867K

The removal of intact chloroplasts from their cell wall confinement offers a novel way to obtain lipophilic nutrients from green biomass, especially carotenoids and galactolipids. These latter are the main membrane lipids in plants and they represent... Read More about In vitro digestion of galactolipids from chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) of postharvest pea vine field residue (halum) and spinach leaves.

The effect of monovalent (Na+, K+) and divalent (Ca2+, Mg2+) cations on rapeseed oleosome (oil body) extraction and stability at pH 7 (2019)
Journal Article
Juliana Romero-Guzmán, M., Petris, V., De Chirico, S., di Bari, V., Gray, D., Boom, R. M., & Nikiforidis, C. V. (2020). The effect of monovalent (Na+, K+) and divalent (Ca2+, Mg2+) cations on rapeseed oleosome (oil body) extraction and stability at pH 7. Food Chemistry, 306, Article 125578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125578

Oleosomes are storage vehicles of TAGs in plant seeds. They are protected with a phospholipid-protein monolayer and extracted with alkaline aqueous media; however, pH adjustment intensifies the extraction process. Therefore the aim of this work was t... Read More about The effect of monovalent (Na+, K+) and divalent (Ca2+, Mg2+) cations on rapeseed oleosome (oil body) extraction and stability at pH 7.

Seasonal variation in the nutrient profile of Arthrospira fusiformis biomass harvested from an Ethiopian soda lake, Lake Chitu (2017)
Journal Article
Assaye, H., Belay, A., Desse, G., & Gray, D. (in press). Seasonal variation in the nutrient profile of Arthrospira fusiformis biomass harvested from an Ethiopian soda lake, Lake Chitu. Journal of Applied Phycology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-017-1359-0

The extent of seasonal variation in the nutrient profile of Arthrospira biomass harvested from Lake Chitu was investigated to evaluate the variability of the quality of the product over a period of a year. Protein content varied from 47.9 to 55.7% fo... Read More about Seasonal variation in the nutrient profile of Arthrospira fusiformis biomass harvested from an Ethiopian soda lake, Lake Chitu.

The role of plant cell wall encapsulation and porosity in regulating lipolysis during the digestion of almond seeds (2015)
Journal Article

Previous studies have provided evidence that the physical encapsulation of intracellular nutrients by cell walls of plant foods (i.e. dietary fibre) plays a predominant role in influencing macronutrient bioaccessibility (release) from plant foods dur... Read More about The role of plant cell wall encapsulation and porosity in regulating lipolysis during the digestion of almond seeds.

Impact of extraneous proteins on the gastrointestinal fate of sunflower seed (Helianthus annuus) oil bodies: a simulated gastrointestinal tract study (2014)
Journal Article

In this study, we examined the physicochemical nature of sunflower seed oil bodies (in the absence and presence of added protein) exposed to gastrointestinal conditions in vitro: crude oil bodies (COB); washed oil bodies (WOB); whey protein isolate-e... Read More about Impact of extraneous proteins on the gastrointestinal fate of sunflower seed (Helianthus annuus) oil bodies: a simulated gastrointestinal tract study.

Isolation and characterization of oil bodies from Oryza sativa bran and studies of their physical properties (2012)
Journal Article
Nantiyakul, N., Furse, S., Fisk, I. D., Tucker, G., & Gray, D. A. (2013). Isolation and characterization of oil bodies from Oryza sativa bran and studies of their physical properties. Journal of Cereal Science, 57(1), 141-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2012.11.002

In this paper, we demonstrate a novel and environmentally-conscious approach to the isolation of oil bodies (OBs) from the bran arising from the milling of Oryza sativa (Basmati rice). We have used several physical techniques to determine the effect... Read More about Isolation and characterization of oil bodies from Oryza sativa bran and studies of their physical properties.

Soybean (Glycine max) Oil Bodies and Their Associated Phytochemicals (2011)
Journal Article
Fisk, I. D., & Gray, D. A. (2011). Soybean (Glycine max) Oil Bodies and Their Associated Phytochemicals. Journal of Food Science, 76(9), C1349-C1354. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02428.x

Abstract:  Soybean oil bodies were isolated from 3 cultivars (Ustie, K98, and Elena) and the occurrence of 2 classes of phytochemicals (tocopherol isoforms and isoflavones) and strength of their association with isolated oil bodies was evaluated. Toc... Read More about Soybean (Glycine max) Oil Bodies and Their Associated Phytochemicals.

In vitro assessment of the bioaccessibility of tocopherol and fatty acids from sunflower seed oil bodies (2009)
Journal Article
White, D. A., Fisk, I. D., Makkhun, S., & Gray, D. A. (2009). In vitro assessment of the bioaccessibility of tocopherol and fatty acids from sunflower seed oil bodies. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(13), 5720-5726. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9003412

The in vitro digestibility (proteolytic and lipolytic) and bioaccessibility of nutritionally important compounds (α-tocopherol and fatty acids) have been studied for natural sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oil body suspensions in comparison to artifici... Read More about In vitro assessment of the bioaccessibility of tocopherol and fatty acids from sunflower seed oil bodies.

Oxidative stability of sunflower oil bodies (2008)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Fisk, I. D., White, D. A., Lad, M., & Gray, D. A. (2008). Oxidative stability of sunflower oil bodies. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 110(10), 962-968. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200800051

This study investigates the oxidative stability of sunflower oil body suspensions (10 wt-% lipid). Two washed suspensions of oil bodies were evaluated over 8 days at three temperatures (5, 25 and 45 °C) against three comparable sunflower oil emulsion... Read More about Oxidative stability of sunflower oil bodies.

Extraction and characterization of oil bodies from soy beans: A natural source of pre-emulsified soybean oil (2007)
Journal Article
Iwanaga, D., Gray, D. A., Fisk, I. D., Decker, E. A., Weiss, J., & McClements, D. J. (2007). Extraction and characterization of oil bodies from soy beans: A natural source of pre-emulsified soybean oil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(21), 8711-8716. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf071008w

Soybeans contain oil bodies that are coated by a layer of oleosin proteins. In nature, this protein coating protects the oil bodies from environmental stresses and may be utilized by food manufacturers for the same purpose. In this study, oil bodies... Read More about Extraction and characterization of oil bodies from soy beans: A natural source of pre-emulsified soybean oil.

Sunflower-seed oil body emulsions: Rheology and stability assessment of a natural emulsion (2007)
Journal Article
White, D. A., Fisk, I. D., Mitchell, J. R., Wolf, B., Hill, S. E., & Gray, D. A. (2008). Sunflower-seed oil body emulsions: Rheology and stability assessment of a natural emulsion. Food Hydrocolloids, 22(7), 1224-1232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2007.07.004

The viscoelastic characteristics of a purified oil body cream (67.6±0.7% lipid, 5.4±0.7% protein and 25.2±0.1% moisture) recovered from sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus L.) have been determined. Moreover, the effects of pH (2-7) and CaCl2 concentra... Read More about Sunflower-seed oil body emulsions: Rheology and stability assessment of a natural emulsion.

Tocopherol: an intrinsic component of sunflower seed oil bodies (2006)
Journal Article
Fisk, I. D., White, D. A., Carvalho, A., & Gray, D. A. (2006). Tocopherol: an intrinsic component of sunflower seed oil bodies. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 83(4), 341-344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-006-1210-2

Oil bodies were removed from mature sunflower through wet grinding followed by filtration then centrifugation and recovered as the buoyant fraction. Washing this fraction with buffer (water‐washed oil bodies, WWOB) or 9 M urea (urea‐washed oil bodies... Read More about Tocopherol: an intrinsic component of sunflower seed oil bodies.