Morphology, adipocyte size, and fatty acid analysis of dairy cattle digital cushions, and the effect of body condition score and age

Newsome, R. F.; Mostyn, A.; Wilson, J. P.; Alibhai, A.; Bollard, N.; Randall, L.; Chagunda, M. G. G.; Sturrock, C. J.; Keane, M.; Green, M.; Huxley, J. N.; Rutland, C. S.

doi:10.3168/jds.2020-19388

Novel Insights Into the Architecture of Macro and Microstructures in Cattle Ossa Cordis (2024)
Journal Article

Ossa cordis, bones located within the heart trigones, are often classified as heterotopic or ectopic bones. Despite their high prevalence in cattle and some other bovids, little is known about their structure or development. Scanning electron microsc... Read More about Novel Insights Into the Architecture of Macro and Microstructures in Cattle Ossa Cordis.

Zero-tillage induces significant changes to the soil pore network and hydraulic function after 7 years (2024)
Journal Article

Zero-tillage and ploughing are highly contrasting soil management practices that have distinct roles in generating soil porosity. Ploughed systems employ anthropogenic perturbation to manage weed pressure and ensure optimal conditions at time of sowi... Read More about Zero-tillage induces significant changes to the soil pore network and hydraulic function after 7 years.

Herbal leys have no effect on soil porosity, earthworm abundance, and microbial community composition compared to a grass-clover ley in a sheep grazed grassland after 2-years (2024)
Journal Article

Herbal leys (multispecies swards) can potentially deliver greater agronomic and environmental benefits than conventional grass-clover swards in grazed agroecosystems. However, despite their popularity in agri-environment schemes, little is known abou... Read More about Herbal leys have no effect on soil porosity, earthworm abundance, and microbial community composition compared to a grass-clover ley in a sheep grazed grassland after 2-years.

The effects of soil compaction on wheat seedling root growth are specific to soil texture and soil moisture status (2023)
Journal Article

Soil structure is a crucial soil physical property that determines a soil's ability to support the growth and development of plants. Soil compaction modifies soil structure by reducing pore space between soil particles thereby leading to a denser soi... Read More about The effects of soil compaction on wheat seedling root growth are specific to soil texture and soil moisture status.

The effect of organic matter amendments on soil surface stability in conventionally cultivated arable fields (2023)
Journal Article

In this study, new and traditional organic wastes (green waste compost, farmyard manure (FYM), anaerobic digestate or straw) were ploughed into an arable field experiment at a range of rates (1–3 t C ha−1) and under spring and winter cropping rotatio... Read More about The effect of organic matter amendments on soil surface stability in conventionally cultivated arable fields.

Soil structure has a greater effect on the rooting of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) than nitrogen fertilisation rate or genotype (2023)
Journal Article

Despite extensive research over the last century concerning the application of nitrogen fertilizer to support the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), our understanding on how this impacts on root growth in subsoils is limited. In this study,... Read More about Soil structure has a greater effect on the rooting of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) than nitrogen fertilisation rate or genotype.

ERFVII action and modulation through oxygen-sensing in Arabidopsis thaliana (2023)
Journal Article

Oxygen is a key signalling component of plant biology, and whilst an oxygen-sensing mechanism was previously described in Arabidopsis thaliana, key features of the associated PLANT CYSTEINE OXIDASE (PCO) N-degron pathway and Group VII ETHYLENE RESPON... Read More about ERFVII action and modulation through oxygen-sensing in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Optimising the Scanning Process: Demystifying the Dark Art of Optimising Microtomography Scan Settings (2022)
Book Chapter

X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT) is now becoming an accessible technology to quantify soil structure metrics. However, optimising images from X-ray CT systems remains a challenging task. Understanding the influence of the wide range of settings t... Read More about Optimising the Scanning Process: Demystifying the Dark Art of Optimising Microtomography Scan Settings.

Hydraulic flux–responsive hormone redistribution determines root branching (2022)
Journal Article

Plant roots exhibit plasticity in their branching patterns to forage efficiently for heterogeneously distributed resources, such as soil water. The xerobranching response represses lateral root formation when roots lose contact with water. Here, we s... Read More about Hydraulic flux–responsive hormone redistribution determines root branching.

Defining the scope for altering rice leaf anatomy to improve photosynthesis: a modelling approach (2022)
Journal Article

Leaf structure plays an important role in photosynthesis. However, the causal relationship and the quantitative importance of any single structural parameter to the overall photosynthetic performance of a leaf remains open to debate. In this paper, w... Read More about Defining the scope for altering rice leaf anatomy to improve photosynthesis: a modelling approach.

Anatomy, histology, development and functions of Ossa cordis: A review (2022)
Journal Article

This systematic review highlights the similarities and variations in Ossa cordis prevalence, histology and anatomical location between differing veterinary species and in humans. In addition, it also identifies associated factors such as aging and ca... Read More about Anatomy, histology, development and functions of Ossa cordis: A review.

Root angle is controlled by EGT1in cereal crops employing anantigravitropic mechanism (2022)
Journal Article

Root angle in crops represents a key trait for efficient capture of soil resources. Root angle is determined by competing gravitropic versus anti-gravitropic offset (AGO) mechanisms. Here we report a new root angle regulatory gene termed ENHANCED GRA... Read More about Root angle is controlled by EGT1in cereal crops employing anantigravitropic mechanism.

Ethylene inhibits rice root elongation in compacted soil via ABA- and auxin-mediated mechanisms (2022)
Journal Article

Soil compaction represents a major agronomic challenge, inhibiting root elongation and impacting crop yields. Roots use ethylene to sense soil compaction as the restricted air space causes this gaseous signal to accumulate around root tips. Ethylene... Read More about Ethylene inhibits rice root elongation in compacted soil via ABA- and auxin-mediated mechanisms.

Zero tillage has important consequences for soil pore architecture and hydraulic transport: A review (2022)
Journal Article

Following the adoption of zero-tillage (ZT) from conventional tillage (CT), the soil pore network undergoes immediate and significant changes. As soil remains undisturbed for an extended period, a soil structure emerges that is primarily generated an... Read More about Zero tillage has important consequences for soil pore architecture and hydraulic transport: A review.

X-ray CT reveals 4D root system development and lateral root responses to nitrate in soil (2022)
Journal Article

The spatial arrangement of the root system, termed root system architecture, is important for resource acquisition as it directly affects the soil zone explored. Methods for phenotyping roots are mostly destructive, which prevents analysis of roots o... Read More about X-ray CT reveals 4D root system development and lateral root responses to nitrate in soil.

Discovery Of A Bone In Chimpanzee Hearts (2022)
Journal Article

The os cordis (heart bone) is a rare bone found only in a few animals in the world. We discovered an os cordis in some chimpanzees. The os cordis was found in males and females, and in young and old animals. It was not present in chimps with healthy... Read More about Discovery Of A Bone In Chimpanzee Hearts.

Reducing sugar and aroma in a confectionery gel without compromising flavour through addition of air inclusions (2021)
Journal Article

Sugar plays an important role in both the flavour and structure of confectionery. Targets have been set to reduce sugar; however, common strategies often result in changes in flavour and consumer rejection. In this study, an approach was developed to... Read More about Reducing sugar and aroma in a confectionery gel without compromising flavour through addition of air inclusions.

Determination of wheat spike and spikelet architecture and grain traits using X-ray Computed Tomography imaging (2021)
Journal Article

© 2021, The Author(s). Background: Wheat spike architecture is a key determinant of multiple grain yield components and detailed examination of spike morphometric traits is beneficial to explain wheat grain yield and the effects of differing agronomy... Read More about Determination of wheat spike and spikelet architecture and grain traits using X-ray Computed Tomography imaging.

Morphology, adipocyte size, and fatty acid analysis of dairy cattle digital cushions, and the effect of body condition score and age (2021)
Journal Article

The digital cushion is an essential part of maintaining a healthy foot, working to dissipate foot strike and body weight forces and lameness from claw horn disruption lesions. Despite the importance of the digital cushion, little is known about the b... Read More about Morphology, adipocyte size, and fatty acid analysis of dairy cattle digital cushions, and the effect of body condition score and age.

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