Emergency department and hospital admissions among people with dementia living at home or in nursing homes: results of the European RightTimePlaceCare project on their frequency, associated factors and costs

Afonso-Argil�s, F. Javier; Meyer, Gabriele; Stephan, Astrid; Comas, Merc�; W�bker, Ansgar; Leino-Kilpi, Helena; Lethin, Connie; Saks, Kai; Soto-Martin, Maria; Sutcliffe, Caroline; Verbeek, Hilde; Zabalegui, Adelaida; Renom-Guiteras, Anna; RightTimePlaceCare Consortium; Meyer, Gabriele; Sauerland, Dirk; Bremer, Patrick; Hamers, Jan P.H.; Afram, Basema; Beerens, Hanneke C.; Bleijlevens, Michel H.C.; Zwakhalen, Sandra M.G.; Ruwaard, Dirk; Ambergen, Ton; Hallberg, Ingalill Rahm; Emilsson, Ulla Melin; Karlsson, Staffan; Bokberg, Christina; Challis, David; Jolley, David; Tucker, Sue; Bowns, Ian; Roe, Brenda; Burns, Alistair; Koskenniemi, Jaana; Suhonen, Riitta; Viitanen, Matti; Arve, Seija; Stolt, Minna; Hupli, Maija; Tiit, Ene Margit; Leibur, Jelena; Raamat, Katrin; Armolik, Angelika; Toivari, Teija Tuula Marjatta; Navarro, Montserrat; Cabrera, Esther; Risco, Ester; Alvira, Carme; Farr�, Marta; Miguel, Susana; Soto, Maria; Milhet, Agathe; Sourdet, Sandrine; Gillette, Sophie; Vellas, Bruno

Abstract

© 2020, The Author(s). Background: Evidence is lacking on the differences between hospitalisation of people with dementia living in nursing homes and those living in the community. The objectives of this study were: 1) to describe the frequency of hospital admission among people with dementia in eight European countries living in nursing homes or in the community, 2) to examine the factors associated with hospitalisation in each setting, and 3) to evaluate the costs associated with it. Methods: The present study is a secondary data analysis of the RightTimePlaceCare European project. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with data collected from people with dementia living at home or who had been admitted to a nursing home in the last 3 months, as well as from their caregivers. Data on hospital admissions at 3 months, cognitive and functional status, neuropsychiatric symptoms, comorbidity, polypharmacy, caregiver burden, nutritional status, and falls were assessed using validated instruments. Multivariate regression models were used to investigate the factors associated with hospital admission for each setting. Costs were estimated by multiplying quantities of resources used with the unit cost of each resource and inflated to the year 2019. Results: The study sample comprised 1700 people with dementia living in the community and nursing homes. Within 3 months, 13.8 and 18.5% of people living in nursing homes and home care, respectively, experienced ≥1 hospital admission. In the nursing home setting, only polypharmacy was associated with a higher chance of hospital admission, while in the home care setting, unintentional weight loss, polypharmacy, falls, and more severe caregiver burden were associated with hospital admission. Overall, the estimated average costs per person with dementia/year among participants living in a nursing home were lower than those receiving home care. Conclusion: Admission to hospital is frequent among people with dementia, especially among those living in the community, and seems to impose a remarkable economic burden. The identification and establishment of an individualised care plan for those people with dementia with polypharmacy in nursing homes, and those with involuntary weight loss, accidental falls, polypharmacy and higher caregiver burden in the home care setting, might help preventing unnecessary hospital admissions.

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Oct 14, 2020
• Online Publication Date: Nov 5, 2020
• Publication Date: 2020-12
• Deposit Date: Jan 18, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: Jan 19, 2021
• Journal: BMC Geriatrics
• Electronic ISSN: 1471-2318
• Publisher: Springer Verlag
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 20
• Issue: 1
• Article Number: 453
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01835-x
• Keywords: Aged, Dementia, Geriatric syndrome, Home care, Hospitalisation, Nursing home
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/5046547
• Publisher URL: https://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12877-020-01835-x
• Additional Information: Received: 13 April 2020; Accepted: 14 October 2020; First Online: 5 November 2020; : The Good Epidemiological Practice guidelines recommended by the International Epidemiological Association (IEA 2007) and the Helsinki declaration are followed. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain (2010/6031); the Ethics Review Committee on Human Research of the University of Tartu (196/T-3) and the Ethical Committee of the Hospital District of South-West Finland (8/2010), Finland; the Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud-Ouest et Outre-Mer, Toulouse, France (09 202 07); the Nursing Science Ethical Committee at the University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany; the Medical Ethical Committee of the Academic Hospital Maastricht/Maastricht University, the Netherlands (MEC 10–5-044); the Regional Ethical Review Board in Lund, Sweden (2010/538); and the National Research Ethics Service, North West 5 Research Ethics Committee, the United Kingdom (11/NW/0003) (Verbeek et al., 2012). Participants were informed of the study purpose, and they were free to participate or withdraw from the study at any time. They were asked to sign the informed consent form.; : Not applicable.; : The authors declare that they have no competing interests.