Professor RICHARD GRUNDY's Outputs (76)

European standard clinical practice recommendations for newly diagnosed ependymoma of childhood and adolescence (2025)
Journal Article
Simon, A. R. S., Ritzmann, T. A., Obrecht-Sturm, D., Benesch, M., Timmermann, B., Leblond, P., Kilday, J.-P., Poggi, G., Thorp, N., Massimino, M., van Veelen, M.-L., Schuhmann, M., Thomale, U.-W., Tippelt, S., Schüller, U., Rutkowski, S., Grundy, R. G., Bolle, S., Fernández-Teijeiro, A., & Pajtler, K. W. (2025). European standard clinical practice recommendations for newly diagnosed ependymoma of childhood and adolescence. EJC Paediatric Oncology, 5, Article 100227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcped.2025.100227

Ependymomas are tumors of glial origin representing the second most common malignant brain tumors of childhood. Peak incidence in childhood is under 3 years of age. Most paediatric ependymomas arise intracranially and are molecularly divided into fou... Read More about European standard clinical practice recommendations for newly diagnosed ependymoma of childhood and adolescence.

Safety, Feasibility, and Effectiveness of Ketogenic Diet in Pediatric Patients With Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review (2025)
Journal Article
AlMutairi, H., Mccullough, F., Siddiqui, K., Ghemlas, I., AlHarbi, M., Grundy, R., & Dandapani, M. (2025). Safety, Feasibility, and Effectiveness of Ketogenic Diet in Pediatric Patients With Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, https://doi.org/10.1155/jnme/7935879

Background: Evidence suggests the positive effects of ketogenic diet (KD) on cancers by limiting glucose availability to cancer cells. This systematic review aimed to explore the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of KD in children with brain tum... Read More about Safety, Feasibility, and Effectiveness of Ketogenic Diet in Pediatric Patients With Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review.

Cognitive Outcomes in Children Treated for Ependymoma Diagnosed Under 36 Months: A Systematic Review (2025)
Journal Article
Thomas, S., Morley, E., Ritzmann, T., Clayton, C., Powers, K., Airdrie, J., Robinson, L., Fifield, K., Packham, A., Oprandi, M. C., Lui, J., Whitfield, G., Thorp, N., Limond, J., & Grundy, R. (in press). Cognitive Outcomes in Children Treated for Ependymoma Diagnosed Under 36 Months: A Systematic Review. Pediatric Blood and Cancer, Article e31588. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.31588

It is crucial to understand the morbidity associated with treatments for young children with ependymoma given this is a high incidence age group also known to be at risk of poorer cognitive outcomes. This review aimed to identify the quality of exist... Read More about Cognitive Outcomes in Children Treated for Ependymoma Diagnosed Under 36 Months: A Systematic Review.

Metabolomic characterisation of the glioblastoma invasive margin reveals a region-specific signature (2024)
Journal Article
Wood, J., Smith, S. J., Castellanos-Uribe, M., Lourdusamy, A., May, S. T., Barrett, D. A., Grundy, R. G., Kim, D.-H., & Rahman, R. (2025). Metabolomic characterisation of the glioblastoma invasive margin reveals a region-specific signature. Heliyon, 11(1), Article e41309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41309

Isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioblastoma (GBM) is characterised by a heterogeneous genetic landscape resulting from dynamic competition between tumour subclones to survive selective pressures. Improvements in metabolite identification and meta... Read More about Metabolomic characterisation of the glioblastoma invasive margin reveals a region-specific signature.

Neurosurgical application of olaparib from a thermo-responsive paste potentiates DNA damage to prolong survival in malignant glioma (2024)
Journal Article
Serra, R., Smith, S. J., Rowlinson, J., Gorelick, N., Moloney, C., McCrorie, P., Veal, G. J., Berry, P., Chalmers, A. J., Suk, I., Shakesheff, K. M., Alexander, C., Grundy, R. G., Brem, H., Tyler, B. M., & Rahman, R. (2024). Neurosurgical application of olaparib from a thermo-responsive paste potentiates DNA damage to prolong survival in malignant glioma. British Journal of Cancer, 131, 1858-1868. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-024-02878-2

Background: There is increased pan-cancer specific interest in repurposing the poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitor, olaparib, for newly diagnosed or recurrent isocitrate dehydrogenase wild type glioblastoma. We explore w... Read More about Neurosurgical application of olaparib from a thermo-responsive paste potentiates DNA damage to prolong survival in malignant glioma.

Multi-omic approach identifies hypoxic tumor-associated myeloid cells that drive immunobiology of high-risk pediatric ependymoma. (2023)
Journal Article
Griesinger, A. M., Riemondy, K., Eswaran, N., Donson, A. M., Willard, N., Prince, E. W., Paine, S. M. L., Bowes, G., Rheaume, J., Chapman, R. J., Ramage, J., Jackson, A., Grundy, R. G., Foreman, N. K., & Ritzmann, T. A. (2023). Multi-omic approach identifies hypoxic tumor-associated myeloid cells that drive immunobiology of high-risk pediatric ependymoma. iScience, 26(9), Article 107585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.107585

Ependymoma (EPN) is a devastating childhood brain tumor. Single-cell analyses have illustrated the cellular heterogeneity of EPN tumors, identifying multiple neoplastic cell states including a mesenchymal-differentiated subpopulation which characteri... Read More about Multi-omic approach identifies hypoxic tumor-associated myeloid cells that drive immunobiology of high-risk pediatric ependymoma..

Significant increase of high-risk chromosome 1q gain and 6q loss at recurrence in posterior fossa group A ependymoma: a multicenter study (2023)
Journal Article
Donson, A. M., Bertrand, K. C., Riemondy, K. A., Gao, D., Zhuang, Y., Sanford, B., Norris, G. A., Chapman, R. J., Fu, R., Willard, N., Griesinger, A. M., de Sousa, G. R., Amani, V., Grimaldo, E., Hankinson, T. C., Booker, F., Sill, M., Grundy, R. G., Pajtler, K. W., Ellison, D. W., …Ritzmann, T. A. (2023). Significant increase of high-risk chromosome 1q gain and 6q loss at recurrence in posterior fossa group A ependymoma: a multicenter study. Neuro-Oncology, 25(10), 1854-1867. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad096

Background
Ependymoma (EPN) posterior fossa group A (PFA) has the highest rate of recurrence and the worst prognosis of all EPN molecular groups. At relapse, it is typically incurable even with re-resection and re-irradiation. The biology of recurre... Read More about Significant increase of high-risk chromosome 1q gain and 6q loss at recurrence in posterior fossa group A ependymoma: a multicenter study.

Pediatric-type high-grade neuroepithelial tumors with CIC gene fusion share a common DNA methylation signature (2023)
Journal Article
Sievers, P., Sill, M., Schrimpf, D., Abdullaev, Z., Donson, A. M., Lake, J. A., Friedel, D., Scheie, D., Tynninen, O., Rauramaa, T., Vepsäläinen, K. L., Samuel, D., Chapman, R., Grundy, R. G., Pajtler, K. W., Tauziède-Espariat, A., Métais, A., Varlet, P., Snuderl, M., Jacques, T. S., …Jones, D. T. W. (in press). Pediatric-type high-grade neuroepithelial tumors with CIC gene fusion share a common DNA methylation signature. npj Precision Oncology, 7, Article 30. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41698-023-00372-1

Pediatric neoplasms in the central nervous system (CNS) show extensive clinical and molecular heterogeneity and are fundamentally different from those occurring in adults. Molecular genetic testing contributes to accurate diagnosis and enables an opt... Read More about Pediatric-type high-grade neuroepithelial tumors with CIC gene fusion share a common DNA methylation signature.

Evaluating the efficacy and safety of single-agent etoposide intra-CSF chemotherapy in children and young people with relapsed/refractory central nervous system tumours (2023)
Journal Article
Butler, A., Meijer, L., Liu, J.-F., Chohan, M., Jalloh, I., Macarthur, D., Parr, M., Wilne, S., Wilson, S., Walker, D., Grundy, R., & Dandapani, M. (2023). Evaluating the efficacy and safety of single-agent etoposide intra-CSF chemotherapy in children and young people with relapsed/refractory central nervous system tumours. Child's Nervous System, 39, 1537-1544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-023-05872-w

Purpose
The aim of the project was to evaluate intra-CSF etoposide administration in a palliative setting for children and young people with relapsed/refractory central nervous system (CNS) tumours, with the primary endpoints being overall survival... Read More about Evaluating the efficacy and safety of single-agent etoposide intra-CSF chemotherapy in children and young people with relapsed/refractory central nervous system tumours.

Optimising biomarkers for accurate ependymoma diagnosis, prognostication and stratification within International Clinical Trials: A BIOMECA study (2023)
Journal Article
Chapman, R. J., Ghasemi, D. R., Andreiuolo, F., Zschernack, V., Tauziede Espariat, A., Buttarelli, F. R., Giangaspero, F., Grill, J., Haberler, C., Paine, S. M., Scott, I., Jacques, T. S., Sill, M., Pfister, S., Kilday, J.-P., Leblond, P., Massimino, M., Witt, H., Modena, P., Varlet, P., …Biomarkers of Ependymoma in Childhood and Adolescence (BIOMECA) Consortium. (2023). Optimising biomarkers for accurate ependymoma diagnosis, prognostication and stratification within International Clinical Trials: A BIOMECA study. Neuro-Oncology, 25(10), 1871–1882. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad055

Background Accurate identification of brain tumour molecular subgroups is increasingly important. We aimed to establish the most accurate and reproducible ependymoma subgroup biomarker detection techniques, across 147 cases from International Society... Read More about Optimising biomarkers for accurate ependymoma diagnosis, prognostication and stratification within International Clinical Trials: A BIOMECA study.

Spatial transcriptomic analysis delineates epithelial and mesenchymal subpopulations and transition stages in childhood ependymoma (2022)
Journal Article
Fu, R., Norris, G. A., Willard, N., Griesinger, A. M., Riemondy, K. A., Amani, V., Grimaldo, E., Harris, F., Hankinson, T. C., Mitra, S., Ritzmann, T. A., Grundy, R. R., Foreman, N. K., & Donson, A. M. (2023). Spatial transcriptomic analysis delineates epithelial and mesenchymal subpopulations and transition stages in childhood ependymoma. Neuro-Oncology, 25(4), 786-798. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac219

Background The diverse cellular constituents of childhood brain tumor ependymoma, recently revealed by single cell RNA-sequencing, may underly therapeutic resistance. Here we use spatial transcriptomics to further advance our understanding of the tum... Read More about Spatial transcriptomic analysis delineates epithelial and mesenchymal subpopulations and transition stages in childhood ependymoma.

Impact of Tumour Epstein–Barr Virus Status on Clinical Outcome in Patients with Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL): A Review of the Literature and Analysis of a Clinical Trial Cohort of Children with cHL (2022)
Journal Article
Nohtani, M., Vrzalikova, K., Ibrahim, M., Powell, J. E., Fennell, É., Morgan, S., Grundy, R., McCarthy, K., Dewberry, S., Bouchal, J., Bouchalova, K., Kearns, P., & Murray, P. G. (2022). Impact of Tumour Epstein–Barr Virus Status on Clinical Outcome in Patients with Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL): A Review of the Literature and Analysis of a Clinical Trial Cohort of Children with cHL. Cancers, 14(17), Article 4297. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14174297

In this study, we have re-evaluated how EBV status influences clinical outcome. To accomplish this, we performed a literature review of all studies that have reported the effect of EBV status on patient outcome and also explored the effect of EBV pos... Read More about Impact of Tumour Epstein–Barr Virus Status on Clinical Outcome in Patients with Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL): A Review of the Literature and Analysis of a Clinical Trial Cohort of Children with cHL.

Lipoprotein Deprivation Reveals a Cholesterol-Dependent Therapeutic Vulnerability in Diffuse Glioma Metabolism (2022)
Journal Article
Wood, J., Abdelrazig, S., Evseev, S., Ortori, C., Castellanos-Uribe, M., May, S. T., Barrett, D. A., Diksin, M., Chakraborty, S., Kim, D. H., Grundy, R. G., & Rahman, R. (2022). Lipoprotein Deprivation Reveals a Cholesterol-Dependent Therapeutic Vulnerability in Diffuse Glioma Metabolism. Cancers, 14(16), Article 3873. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14163873

Poor outcomes associated with diffuse high-grade gliomas occur in both adults and children, despite substantial progress made in the molecular characterisation of the disease. Targeting the metabolic requirements of cancer cells represents an alterna... Read More about Lipoprotein Deprivation Reveals a Cholesterol-Dependent Therapeutic Vulnerability in Diffuse Glioma Metabolism.

Characterisation of Expression the Arginine Pathway Enzymes in Childhood Brain Tumours to Determine Susceptibility to Therapeutic Arginine Depletion (2022)
Journal Article
Bishop, E., Dimitrova, M., Froggatt, A., Estevez-Cebrero, M., Storer, L. C. D., Mussai, F., Paine, S., Grundy, R. G., & Dandapani, M. (2022). Characterisation of Expression the Arginine Pathway Enzymes in Childhood Brain Tumours to Determine Susceptibility to Therapeutic Arginine Depletion. BioMed Research International, 2022, Article 9008685. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9008685

Despite significant improvements in treatment and survival in paediatric cancers, outcomes for children with brain tumours remain poor. Novel therapeutic approaches are needed to improve survival and quality of survival. Extracellular arginine depend... Read More about Characterisation of Expression the Arginine Pathway Enzymes in Childhood Brain Tumours to Determine Susceptibility to Therapeutic Arginine Depletion.

Toward Improved Diagnosis Accuracy and Treatment of Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Ependymoma: The International SIOP Ependymoma II Protocol (2022)
Journal Article
Leblond, P., Massimino, M., English, M., Ritzmann, T. A., Gandola, L., Calaminus, G., Thomas, S., Pérol, D., Gautier, J., Grundy, R. G., & Frappaz, D. (2022). Toward Improved Diagnosis Accuracy and Treatment of Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Ependymoma: The International SIOP Ependymoma II Protocol. Frontiers in Neurology, 13, Article 887544. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.887544

Background: The clinical management of ependymoma in childhood and adolescence is complex and the clinicobiopathological correlates of outcome remain poorly understood. This international SIOP Ependymoma II (SIOP EPII) trial aims to improve the outco... Read More about Toward Improved Diagnosis Accuracy and Treatment of Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Ependymoma: The International SIOP Ependymoma II Protocol.

Recurrent ACVR1 mutations in posterior fossa ependymoma (2022)
Journal Article
Pratt, D., Lucas, C.-H. G., Selvam, P. P., Abdullaev, Z., Ketchum, C., Quezado, M., Armstrong, T. S., Gilbert, M. R., Papanicolau-Sengos, A., Raffeld, M., Choo-Wosoba, H., Chan, P., Whipple, N., Nasrallah, M., Santi, M., Ramaswamy, V., Giannini, C., Ritzmann, T. A., Grundy, R. G., Burford, A., …Aldape, K. (2022). Recurrent ACVR1 mutations in posterior fossa ependymoma. Acta Neuropathologica, 144, 373-376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-022-02435-2

Phase II study of intravenous etoposide in patients with relapsed ependymoma (CNS 2001 04) (2022)
Journal Article
Apps, J. R., Maycock, S., Ellison, D. W., Jaspan, T., Ritzmann, T. A., Macarthur, D., Mallucci, C., Wheatley, K., Veal, G. J., Grundy, R. G., & Picton, S. (2022). Phase II study of intravenous etoposide in patients with relapsed ependymoma (CNS 2001 04). Neuro-Oncology Advances, 4(1), Article vdac053. https://doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdac053

Background
Relapsed ependymoma has a dismal prognosis, and the role of chemotherapy at relapse remains unclear. This study prospectively evaluated the efficacy of intensive intravenous (IV) etoposide in patients less than 21 years of age with relaps... Read More about Phase II study of intravenous etoposide in patients with relapsed ependymoma (CNS 2001 04).

Dynamic susceptibility-contrast magnetic resonance imaging with contrast agent leakage correction aids in predicting grade in pediatric brain tumours: a multicenter study (2022)
Journal Article
Withey, S. B., MacPherson, L., Oates, A., Powell, S., Novak, J., Abernethy, L., Pizer, B., Grundy, R., Morgan, P. S., Bailey, S., Mitra, D., Arvanitis, T. N., Auer, D. P., Avula, S., & Peet, A. C. (2022). Dynamic susceptibility-contrast magnetic resonance imaging with contrast agent leakage correction aids in predicting grade in pediatric brain tumours: a multicenter study. Pediatric Radiology, 52(6), 1134-1149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-021-05266-7

Background: Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) measured using dynamic susceptibility-contrast MRI can differentiate between low- and high-grade pediatric brain tumors. Multicenter studies are required for translation into clinical practice.

Ob... Read More about Dynamic susceptibility-contrast magnetic resonance imaging with contrast agent leakage correction aids in predicting grade in pediatric brain tumours: a multicenter study.

Genome-Wide Expression and Anti-Proliferative Effects of Electric Field Therapy on Pediatric and Adult Brain Tumors (2022)
Journal Article
Branter, J., Estevez-Cebrero, M., Diksin, M., Griffin, M., Castellanos-Uribe, M., May, S., Rahman, R., Grundy, R., Basu, S., & Smith, S. (2022). Genome-Wide Expression and Anti-Proliferative Effects of Electric Field Therapy on Pediatric and Adult Brain Tumors. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(4), Article 1982. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23041982

The lack of treatment options for high-grade brain tumors has led to searches for alternative therapeutic modalities. Electrical field therapy is one such area. The Optune™ system is an FDA-approved novel device that delivers continuous alternating e... Read More about Genome-Wide Expression and Anti-Proliferative Effects of Electric Field Therapy on Pediatric and Adult Brain Tumors.

SIOP Ependymoma I: Final results, long term follow-up and molecular analysis of the trial cohort: A BIOMECA Consortium Study (2022)
Journal Article
Ritzmann, T. A., Chapman, R. J., Kilday, J.-P., Thorp, N., Modena, P., Dineen, R. A., Macarthur, D., Mallucci, C., Jaspan, T., Pajtler, K. W., Giagnacovo, M., Jacques, T., Paine, S., Ellison, D., Bouffet, E., & Grundy, R. G. (2022). SIOP Ependymoma I: Final results, long term follow-up and molecular analysis of the trial cohort: A BIOMECA Consortium Study. Neuro-Oncology, 24(6), 936–948. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac012

Background
SIOP Ependymoma I was a non-randomised trial assessing event free and overall survival (EFS/OS) of non-metastatic intracranial ependymoma in children aged 3 to 21 years treated with a staged management strategy. A further aim was to asses... Read More about SIOP Ependymoma I: Final results, long term follow-up and molecular analysis of the trial cohort: A BIOMECA Consortium Study.