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Can “Electric Flare Stacks” Reduce CO2 Emissions? A Case Study with Nonthermal Plasma (2023)
Journal Article
Molteni, M., Walker, G., Parmar, D., Sutton, M., Licence, P., & Woodward, S. (2023). Can “Electric Flare Stacks” Reduce CO2 Emissions? A Case Study with Nonthermal Plasma. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 62(46), 19649-19657. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.3c02909

Gas flare stacks are the current benchmark technology for industrial pollution control. However, their impact on human health and the environment is not negligible. If net zero CO2 emissions are to be achieved, their current significant CO2 impact (4... Read More about Can “Electric Flare Stacks” Reduce CO2 Emissions? A Case Study with Nonthermal Plasma.

Unravelling synergistic effects in bi-metallic catalysts: deceleration of palladium–gold nanoparticle coarsening in the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (2023)
Journal Article
Pinto, J., Weilhard, A., Norman, L. T., Lodge, R. W., Rogers, D. M., Gual, A., …Alves Fernandes, J. (2023). Unravelling synergistic effects in bi-metallic catalysts: deceleration of palladium–gold nanoparticle coarsening in the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde. Catalysis Science and Technology, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cy00289f

In this work, we demonstrate that the synergistic effect of PdAu nanoparticles (NPs) in hydrogenation reactions is not only related to high activity but also to their stability when compared to Pd mono-metallic NPs. To demonstrate this, a series of m... Read More about Unravelling synergistic effects in bi-metallic catalysts: deceleration of palladium–gold nanoparticle coarsening in the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde.

Exploring ionic liquids based on pyrrolidinium and imidazolium cations with low toxicity towards Escherichia coli for designing sustainable bioprocesses (2022)
Journal Article
Hernández-Fernández, F. J., de los Ríos, A. P., Licence, P., & Stephens, G. (2022). Exploring ionic liquids based on pyrrolidinium and imidazolium cations with low toxicity towards Escherichia coli for designing sustainable bioprocesses. Journal of Biotechnology, 360, 192-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.001

Ionic liquids (ILs) are widely applied in many bioprocesses involving microorganisms due to their unique properties. In this work, the toxicity of imidazolium and pyrrolidinium ionic liquids towards E. coli., a bacterium for which there are limited t... Read More about Exploring ionic liquids based on pyrrolidinium and imidazolium cations with low toxicity towards Escherichia coli for designing sustainable bioprocesses.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of morpholinium ionic liquids: impact of a long alkyl side substituent on the cation-anion interactions (2022)
Journal Article
Men, S., Sun, Y., Licence, P., & Qu, J. (2022). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of morpholinium ionic liquids: impact of a long alkyl side substituent on the cation-anion interactions. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 24(40), 24845-24851. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp03674f

In this study, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to analyse nine morpholinium ionic liquids, which are of great interest in green chemistry because of their low toxicity and high recyclability. The effect of the alkyl chain length on the aliph... Read More about X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of morpholinium ionic liquids: impact of a long alkyl side substituent on the cation-anion interactions.

Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé Multicomponent Reaction Catalysed by Reusable Brϕnsted-Acidic Ionic Liquids (2022)
Journal Article
Anjos, N. S., Chapina, A. I., Santos, A. R., Licence, P., & Longo Junior, L. S. (2022). Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé Multicomponent Reaction Catalysed by Reusable Brϕnsted-Acidic Ionic Liquids. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2022(40), Article e202200615. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202200615

In the present work, the use of Brϕnsted acidic ionic liquids (BAIL) as catalysts for Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé (GBB) multicomponent reactions was systematically investigated. A series of four 1-(butyl-4-sulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium salts bearing d... Read More about Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé Multicomponent Reaction Catalysed by Reusable Brϕnsted-Acidic Ionic Liquids.

Rate of Formation of Industrial Lubricant Additive Precursors from Maleic Anhydride and Polyisobutylene (2022)
Journal Article
Streets, J., Proust, N., Parmar, D., Walker, G., Licence, P., & Woodward, S. (2022). Rate of Formation of Industrial Lubricant Additive Precursors from Maleic Anhydride and Polyisobutylene. Organic Process Research and Development, 26(9), 2749-2755. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00207

The Alder-ene reaction of neat polyisobutylene (PIB) and maleic anhydride (MAA) to produce the industrially important lubricant additive precursor polyisobutylene succinic anhydride (PIBSA) is studied at 150-180 °C. Under anaerobic conditions with [P... Read More about Rate of Formation of Industrial Lubricant Additive Precursors from Maleic Anhydride and Polyisobutylene.

Halometallate ionic liquids: thermal properties, decomposition pathways, and life cycle considerations (2022)
Journal Article
Clarke, C. J., Baaqel, H., Matthews, R. P., Chen, Y., Lovelock, K. R., Hallett, J. P., & Licence, P. (2022). Halometallate ionic liquids: thermal properties, decomposition pathways, and life cycle considerations. Green Chemistry, 24(15), 5800-5812. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2gc01983c

Halometallate ionic liquids provide new opportunities for industrial catalytic processes because of their unique blend of physical and chemical properties. Tunability underpins the success of ionic liquids because small structural changes can have dr... Read More about Halometallate ionic liquids: thermal properties, decomposition pathways, and life cycle considerations.

Nucleophilic Fluorination Catalyzed by a Cyclometallated Rhodium Complex (2022)
Journal Article
Morgan, P. J., Saunders, G. C., Macgregor, S. A., Marr, A. C., & Licence, P. (2022). Nucleophilic Fluorination Catalyzed by a Cyclometallated Rhodium Complex. Organometallics, 41(7), 883–891. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00052

Quantitative catalytic nucleophilic fluorination of a range of acyl chlorides to acyl fluorides was promoted by a cyclometallated rhodium complex [(η5,κ2C-C5Me4CH2C6F5CH2NC3H2NMe)- RhCl] (1). 1 can be prepared in high yields from commercially availab... Read More about Nucleophilic Fluorination Catalyzed by a Cyclometallated Rhodium Complex.

High Yielding Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Norketamine (2022)
Journal Article
Hernando, M. V., Moore, J. C., Howie, R. A., Castledine, R. A., Bourne, S. L., Jenkins, G. N., …George, M. W. (2022). High Yielding Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Norketamine. Organic Process Research and Development, 26(4), 1145-1151. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00407

A new continuous-flow process is presented for synthesis of the pharmaceutical intermediate norketamine (5). Our approach has been to take the well-established and industrially applied batch synthetic route to this promising antidepressant precursor... Read More about High Yielding Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Norketamine.

Diffuse Reflection Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares Regression Analysis for Temperature Prediction of Irreversible Thermochromic Paints (2022)
Journal Article
Kitagawa, A., Welsh, C., Mackilligin, H., & Licence, P. (2022). Diffuse Reflection Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares Regression Analysis for Temperature Prediction of Irreversible Thermochromic Paints. Applied Spectroscopy, https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028211065759

Temperature measurement of internal components of a jet engine is a crucial control parameter to ensure its component life and efficiency. Particularly for thermal analysis of internal components of jet engines, irreversible thermochromic paints (TPs... Read More about Diffuse Reflection Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares Regression Analysis for Temperature Prediction of Irreversible Thermochromic Paints.

Experimental measurement and prediction of ionic liquid ionisation energies (2021)
Journal Article
Seymour, J. M., Gousseva, E., Large, A. I., Clarke, C. J., Licence, P., Fogarty, R. M., …Lovelock, K. R. J. (2021). Experimental measurement and prediction of ionic liquid ionisation energies. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 23(37), 20957-20973. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cp02441h

Ionic liquid (IL) valence electronic structure provides key descriptors for understanding and predicting IL properties. The ionisation energies of 60 ILs are measured and the most readily ionised valence state of each IL (the highest occupied molecul... Read More about Experimental measurement and prediction of ionic liquid ionisation energies.

Blurring the Boundary between Homogenous and Heterogeneous Catalysis using Palladium Nanoclusters with Dynamic Surfaces (2021)
Journal Article
Cano, I., Weilhard, A., Martin, C., Pinto, J., Lodge, R. W., Santos, A. R., …Fernandes, J. A. (2021). Blurring the Boundary between Homogenous and Heterogeneous Catalysis using Palladium Nanoclusters with Dynamic Surfaces. Nature Communications, 12(1), Article 4965. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25263-6

Using a magnetron sputtering approach that allows size-controlled formation of nanoclusters, we have created palladium nanoclusters that combine the features of both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. Here we report the atomic structures and el... Read More about Blurring the Boundary between Homogenous and Heterogeneous Catalysis using Palladium Nanoclusters with Dynamic Surfaces.

Linking the the thermal and electronic properties of functional dicationic salts with their molecular structures (2021)
Journal Article
Clarke, C. J., Morgan, P. J., Hallett, J. P., & Licence, P. (2021). Linking the the thermal and electronic properties of functional dicationic salts with their molecular structures. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 9(18), 6224-6234. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08564

The two major properties that underpin ionic liquids are tunability and the potential to create task-specific media. Together, these properties allow ionic liquids to surpass the roles long held by traditional molecular solvents. However, at elevated... Read More about Linking the the thermal and electronic properties of functional dicationic salts with their molecular structures.

Shaping Effective Practices for Incorporating Sustainability Assessment in Manuscripts Submitted to ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering: An Initiative by the Editors (2021)
Journal Article
Subramaniam, B., Licence, P., Moores, A., & Allen, D. T. (2021). Shaping Effective Practices for Incorporating Sustainability Assessment in Manuscripts Submitted to ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering: An Initiative by the Editors. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 9(11), 3977-3978. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c01511

Ionic Liquids-Cobalt(II) Thermochromic Complexes: How the Structure Tunability Affects "self-Contained" Systems (2021)
Journal Article
Billeci, F., Gunaratne, H. Q., Licence, P., Seddon, K. R., Plechkova, N. V., & D'Anna, F. (2021). Ionic Liquids-Cobalt(II) Thermochromic Complexes: How the Structure Tunability Affects "self-Contained" Systems. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 9(11), 4064-4075. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08586

With the aim of obtaining thermochromic systems with potential applications in solar energy storage, we evaluated the behavior of some sugar-based ionic liquids (ILs)-Co(NTf2)2 complexes, in IL solution, as a function of temperature. Different struct... Read More about Ionic Liquids-Cobalt(II) Thermochromic Complexes: How the Structure Tunability Affects "self-Contained" Systems.

Molecular Control of the Catalytic Properties of Rhodium Nanoparticles in Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) Systems (2020)
Journal Article
Bordet, A., Moos, G., Welsh, C., Licence, P., Luska, K. L., & Leitner, W. (2020). Molecular Control of the Catalytic Properties of Rhodium Nanoparticles in Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) Systems. ACS Catalysis, 10(23), 13904-13912. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c03559

Rhodium nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on imidazolium-based supported ionic liquid phases (Rh@SILP) act as effective catalysts for the hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfuralacetone. The structure of ionic liquid-type (IL) molecular modifiers was... Read More about Molecular Control of the Catalytic Properties of Rhodium Nanoparticles in Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) Systems.

Thermolysis of Organofluoroborate Ionic Liquids to NHC-Organofluoroborates (2020)
Journal Article
Clarke, C. J., Richardson, N., Firth, A. E., Hallett, J. P., & Licence, P. (2020). Thermolysis of Organofluoroborate Ionic Liquids to NHC-Organofluoroborates. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 8(44), 16386–16390. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c06377

A range of dialkylimidazolium organotrifluoroborate ionic liquids were prepared by anion metathesis from newly available potassium organotrifluoroborate salts, and their physical properties were characterized by TGA, DSC, and STA. Thermal decompositi... Read More about Thermolysis of Organofluoroborate Ionic Liquids to NHC-Organofluoroborates.

Probing the impact of the N3-substituted alkyl chain on the electronic environment of the cation and the anion for 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids (2020)
Journal Article
Men, S., Jin, Y., & Licence, P. (2020). Probing the impact of the N3-substituted alkyl chain on the electronic environment of the cation and the anion for 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 22(30), 17394-17400. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cp02325f

In this study, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to probe the impact of the N3-substituted alkyl group on the electronic environment of the cation and the anion by comparing two types of imidazolium cations, 1-alkyl-3-butylimidazolium and 1-al... Read More about Probing the impact of the N3-substituted alkyl chain on the electronic environment of the cation and the anion for 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids.

Tuning the Cation-Anion Interactions by Methylation of the Pyridinium Cation: An X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Picolinium Ionic Liquids (2020)
Journal Article
Men, S., Licence, P., Luo, H., & Dai, S. (2020). Tuning the Cation-Anion Interactions by Methylation of the Pyridinium Cation: An X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Picolinium Ionic Liquids. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 124(30), 6657-6663. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05872

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to investigate the impact of methylation on the electronic environment of pyridinium cations. Because of the electron-donating effect of the methyl group, there is a significant increase in electron density on... Read More about Tuning the Cation-Anion Interactions by Methylation of the Pyridinium Cation: An X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Picolinium Ionic Liquids.

Thermally-Stable Imidazolium Dicationic Ionic Liquids with Pyridine Functional Groups (2020)
Journal Article
Clarke, C. J., Bui-Le, L., Hallett, J. P., & Licence, P. (2020). Thermally-Stable Imidazolium Dicationic Ionic Liquids with Pyridine Functional Groups. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 8(23), 8762-8772. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c02473

Thermally-stable ionic liquids (ILs) have limited structural possibilities and lack coordinating anions or functional groups. Thermal stability effectively incurs a tunability penalty, limiting ionic liquid function to render them as simple heat-stab... Read More about Thermally-Stable Imidazolium Dicationic Ionic Liquids with Pyridine Functional Groups.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of piperidinium ionic liquids: a comparison to the charge delocalised pyridinium analogues (2020)
Journal Article
Men, S., Licence, P., Do-Thanh, C. L., Luo, H., & Dai, S. (2020). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of piperidinium ionic liquids: a comparison to the charge delocalised pyridinium analogues. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 22(21), 11976-11983. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cp01454k

In this study, nine piperidinium-based ionic liquids are analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effect of alkyl substituent length and the nature of the anion on the electronic environment of the cation are investigated. The electronic env... Read More about X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of piperidinium ionic liquids: a comparison to the charge delocalised pyridinium analogues.

C-F bond activation of a perfluorinated ligand leading to nucleophilic fluorination of an organic electrophile (2020)
Journal Article
Morgan, P. J., Hanson-Heine, M. W., Thomas, H. P., Saunders, G. C., Marr, A. C., & Licence, P. (2020). C-F bond activation of a perfluorinated ligand leading to nucleophilic fluorination of an organic electrophile. Organometallics, 39(11), 2116–2124. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00176

We report a fluorine transfer reaction in which fluorine from a perfluorinated ligand undergoes C-F bond activation and transfer to an electrophile, resulting in the formation of a new fluorinated product and dimerization of the mono-defluorinated co... Read More about C-F bond activation of a perfluorinated ligand leading to nucleophilic fluorination of an organic electrophile.

Probing the electronic structure of ether functionalised ionic liquids using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2019)
Journal Article
Dick, E., Fouda, A., Besley, N. A., & Licence, P. (2020). Probing the electronic structure of ether functionalised ionic liquids using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 22(3), 1624-1631. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cp01297d

The charge distribution associated with individual components in functionalised ionic liquids (ILs) can be tuned by careful manipulation of the substituent groups incorporated into the ions. Here we use X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate... Read More about Probing the electronic structure of ether functionalised ionic liquids using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

In vitro cytotoxicity assessment of monocationic and dicationic pyridinium-based ionic liquids on HeLa, MCF-7, BGM and EA.hy926 cell lines (2019)
Journal Article
Perez, S., Montalbán, M., Carissimi, G., Licence, P., & Villora, G. (2020). In vitro cytotoxicity assessment of monocationic and dicationic pyridinium-based ionic liquids on HeLa, MCF-7, BGM and EA.hy926 cell lines. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 385, Article 121513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121513

Dicationic ionic liquids (ILs) generally possess higher thermal and electrochemical stability than the analogous monocationic ILs, which makes them more suitable for high-temperature applications as solvents for organic reactions, lubricants or stati... Read More about In vitro cytotoxicity assessment of monocationic and dicationic pyridinium-based ionic liquids on HeLa, MCF-7, BGM and EA.hy926 cell lines.

In Situ Sulfidation of Pd/C: A Straightforward Method for Chemoselective Conjugate Reduction by Continuous Hydrogenation (2019)
Journal Article
Moore, J. C., Howie, R. A., Bourne, S. L., Jenkins, G. N., Licence, P., Poliakoff, M., & George, M. W. (2019). In Situ Sulfidation of Pd/C: A Straightforward Method for Chemoselective Conjugate Reduction by Continuous Hydrogenation. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 7(19), 16814-16819. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b04347

A method has been developed for the in situ sulfidation of Pd/C under continuous flow. The approach provides a cheap, sustainable, and operationally convenient method for chemoselective conjugate reduction by continuous hydrogenation. High conversio... Read More about In Situ Sulfidation of Pd/C: A Straightforward Method for Chemoselective Conjugate Reduction by Continuous Hydrogenation.

Tuning the Reactivity of TEMPO during Electrocatalytic Alcohol Oxidations in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids (2019)
Journal Article
Delorme, A. E., Sans, V., Licence, P., & Walsh, D. A. (2019). Tuning the Reactivity of TEMPO during Electrocatalytic Alcohol Oxidations in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 7(13), 11691-11699. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b01823

2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) is a promising, sustainable, metal-free mediator for oxidation of alcohols. In this contribution, we describe how the selectivity of TEMPO for electrocatalytic alcohol oxidations in room-temperature ionic... Read More about Tuning the Reactivity of TEMPO during Electrocatalytic Alcohol Oxidations in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids.

On the real catalytically active species for CO2 fixation into cyclic carbonates under near ambient conditions: dissociation equilibrium of [BMIm][Fe(NO)2Cl2] dependant on reaction temperature (2018)
Journal Article
Leu, M. K., Vicente, I., Fernandes, J. A., de Pedro, I., Dupont, J., Sans, V., …Cano, I. (2019). On the real catalytically active species for CO2 fixation into cyclic carbonates under near ambient conditions: dissociation equilibrium of [BMIm][Fe(NO)2Cl2] dependant on reaction temperature. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 245, 240-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.12.062

An imidazolium based iron-containing ionic liquid [BMIm][Fe(NO)2Cl2] (BMIm = 1-n-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium) has been synthesized for the first time and fully characterized employing a wide range of techniques. The iron-based containing ionic liquid... Read More about On the real catalytically active species for CO2 fixation into cyclic carbonates under near ambient conditions: dissociation equilibrium of [BMIm][Fe(NO)2Cl2] dependant on reaction temperature.

Resolving X-Ray Photoelectron Spectra of Ionic Liquids with Difference Spectroscopy (2018)
Journal Article
Clarke, C. J., Maxwell-Hogg, S., Smith, E. F., Hawker, R. R., Harper, J. B., & Licence, P. (2019). Resolving X-Ray Photoelectron Spectra of Ionic Liquids with Difference Spectroscopy. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 21(1), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp06701e

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful element-specific technique to determine the composition and chemical state of all elements in an involatile sample. However, for elements such as carbon, the wide variety of chemical states produce... Read More about Resolving X-Ray Photoelectron Spectra of Ionic Liquids with Difference Spectroscopy.

Thermal stability of dialkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids: ex situ bulk heating to complement in situ mass spectrometry (2018)
Journal Article
Clarke, C. J., Puttick, S., Sanderson, T. J., Taylor, A., Bourne, R. A., Lovelock, K. R., & Licence, P. (in press). Thermal stability of dialkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids: ex situ bulk heating to complement in situ mass spectrometry. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 20(24), https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CP01090K

Thermal decomposition (TD) products of the ionic liquids (ILs) [CnC1Im][BF4] and [CnC1Im][PF6] ([CnC1Im]+ = 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium, [BF4]- = tetrafluoroborate, and [PF6]- = hexafluorophosphate) were prepared, ex situ, by bulk heating experiments... Read More about Thermal stability of dialkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids: ex situ bulk heating to complement in situ mass spectrometry.

UN sustainable development goals: How can sustainable/green chemistry contribute? By doing things differently (2018)
Journal Article
Poliakoff, M., Licence, P., & George, M. W. (2018). UN sustainable development goals: How can sustainable/green chemistry contribute? By doing things differently. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 13, 146-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2018.04.011

Until now, much Green and Sustainable Chemistry has been focused on how chemicals are made. Here we suggest that, if chemistry is to contribute effectively to achieving the SDGs, we need to change the way that things are done at both ends of the chem... Read More about UN sustainable development goals: How can sustainable/green chemistry contribute? By doing things differently.

Tuneable ionic control of polymeric films for inkjet based 3D printing (2018)
Journal Article
Karjalainen, E., Wales, D. J., Gunasekera, D. H., Dupont, J., Licence, P., Wildman, R. D., & Sans, V. (in press). Tuneable ionic control of polymeric films for inkjet based 3D printing. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b04279

Inkjet printing is a powerful additive manufacturing (AM) technique to generate advanced and complex geometries. However, requirements of low viscosity and surface tension are limiting the range of functional inks available, thus hindering the develo... Read More about Tuneable ionic control of polymeric films for inkjet based 3D printing.

Effect of dicationic ionic liquids on lyotropic liquid crystals formed by a binary system composed of Triton-X 100 and water (2018)
Journal Article
Thieghi, L. T., Longo Jr, L. S., Licence, P., & Alves, S. (in press). Effect of dicationic ionic liquids on lyotropic liquid crystals formed by a binary system composed of Triton-X 100 and water. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 657(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2017.1403241

In this work, binary mixtures of a non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) and water were studied with concentrations of 30%wt H2O, showing, lamellar mesophase at temperatures below 10oC. Different dicationic ionic liquids were used for doping these meso... Read More about Effect of dicationic ionic liquids on lyotropic liquid crystals formed by a binary system composed of Triton-X 100 and water.

The impact of sulfur functionalisation on nitrogen-based ionic liquid cations (2018)
Journal Article
Santos, A. R., Hanson-Heine, M. W. D., Besley, N. A., & Licence, P. (2018). The impact of sulfur functionalisation on nitrogen-based ionic liquid cations. Chemical Communications, 54(81), 11403-11406. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cc05515g

It has been demonstrated that bonding and interactions within ionic liquids (ILs) can be elegantly tuned by manipulation of structure and the introduction of functional groups. Here we use XPS to investigate the impact of sulfur containing substituen... Read More about The impact of sulfur functionalisation on nitrogen-based ionic liquid cations.

Ecotoxicity assessment of dicationic versus monocationic ionic liquids as a more environmentally friendly alternative (2017)
Journal Article
Montalbán, M. G., Villora, G., & Licence, P. (2018). Ecotoxicity assessment of dicationic versus monocationic ionic liquids as a more environmentally friendly alternative. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.073

One of the reasons why ionic liquids have received growing interest from researchers is their environmentally interesting characteristics, such as their negligible vapour pressure and their good chemical and thermal properties. In particular, dicatio... Read More about Ecotoxicity assessment of dicationic versus monocationic ionic liquids as a more environmentally friendly alternative.

Probing the electronic environment of binary and ternary ionic liquid mixtures by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2017)
Journal Article
Men, S., & Licence, P. (2017). Probing the electronic environment of binary and ternary ionic liquid mixtures by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Chemical Physics Letters, 686, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2017.08.034

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to probe the electronic environment of cations and anions for three binary and one ternary chlorostannate ionic liquid mixtures. The impact of the weighting of Cl on the electronic environment of the cation-b... Read More about Probing the electronic environment of binary and ternary ionic liquid mixtures by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Tuning the electronic environment of the anion by using binary ionic liquid mixtures (2017)
Journal Article
Men, S., & Licence, P. (2017). Tuning the electronic environment of the anion by using binary ionic liquid mixtures. Chemical Physics Letters, 681, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2017.05.049

The electronic environment of the anion is tuned by using binary ionic liquid mixtures employing a com- mon anion and two cations with large difference in acidity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to monitor the change of the electronic envir... Read More about Tuning the electronic environment of the anion by using binary ionic liquid mixtures.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of trihalide ionic liquids: comparison to halide-based analogues, anion basicity and beam damage (2017)
Journal Article
Men, S., Lovelock, K., & Licence, P. (2017). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of trihalide ionic liquids: comparison to halide-based analogues, anion basicity and beam damage. Chemical Physics Letters, 679, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2017.05.010

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to investigate two 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium trihalide ionic liquids, with anions including triiodide and iododibromide. The electronic environment of each element present in ionic liquids studied herein is... Read More about X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of trihalide ionic liquids: comparison to halide-based analogues, anion basicity and beam damage.

Spectroscopic analysis of 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ionic liquids: cation-anion interactions (2017)
Journal Article
Men, S., Jiang, J., & Peter, L. (2017). Spectroscopic analysis of 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ionic liquids: cation-anion interactions. Chemical Physics Letters, 674, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2017.02.050

In this study, four 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ionic liquids are analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, together with three 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids. A reliable fitting model for the carbon 1s region of 1-butyl-2,3-dimeth... Read More about Spectroscopic analysis of 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ionic liquids: cation-anion interactions.

Study of the Stability of 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Hexafluoroantimonate(V) Based Ionic Liquids Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (2016)
Journal Article
Longo Jr, L. S., Smith, E. F., & Licence, P. (2016). Study of the Stability of 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Hexafluoroantimonate(V) Based Ionic Liquids Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 4(11), 5953-5962. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00919

A series of highly pure 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoroantimonate (V) ionic liquids was firstly investigated by XPS. Reliable binding energy values for all elements within the samples were obtained by applying a C 1s fitting model previously e... Read More about Study of the Stability of 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Hexafluoroantimonate(V) Based Ionic Liquids Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.

An ARXPS and ERXPS study of quaternary ammonium and phosphonium ionic liquids: utilising a high energy Ag Lα’ X-ray source (2016)
Journal Article
Blundell, R. K., Delorme, A., Smith, E. F., & Licence, P. (2016). An ARXPS and ERXPS study of quaternary ammonium and phosphonium ionic liquids: utilising a high energy Ag Lα’ X-ray source. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP07089A

Introduction Ionic liquid (IL) surface science has experienced rapid expansion in recent years. As such, a multitude of ultra-high vacuum (UHV) techniques have been used to probe the IL/vacuum interface including laboratory and synchrotron X-ray p... Read More about An ARXPS and ERXPS study of quaternary ammonium and phosphonium ionic liquids: utilising a high energy Ag Lα’ X-ray source.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a probe of rhodium-ligand interaction in ionic liquids (2015)
Journal Article
Men, S., Lovelock, K., & Licence, P. (2016). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a probe of rhodium-ligand interaction in ionic liquids. Chemical Physics Letters, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2015.12.017

We use X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to identify the interaction between the rhodium atom and phosphine ligands in six 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids ([C8C1Im][X]). The formation of a mono-phosphine rhodium complex based upo... Read More about X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a probe of rhodium-ligand interaction in ionic liquids.

The putative mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase from Picrophilus torridus is in reality a mevalonate-3-kinase with high potential for bioproduction of isobutene (2015)
Journal Article
Rossoni, L., Hall, S. J., Eastham, G., Licence, P., & Stephens, G. (2015). The putative mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase from Picrophilus torridus is in reality a mevalonate-3-kinase with high potential for bioproduction of isobutene. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 81(7), https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.04033-14

Mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MVD) is an ATP-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation/decarboxylation of (R)-mevalonate-5-diphosphate to isopentenyl pyrophosphate in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway.MVD is a key enzyme in engineered me... Read More about The putative mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase from Picrophilus torridus is in reality a mevalonate-3-kinase with high potential for bioproduction of isobutene.

Reactive DESI-MS imaging of biological tissues with dicationic ion-pairing compounds (2015)
Journal Article
Lostun, D., Perez, C. J., Licence, P., Barrett, D. A., & Ifa, D. R. (2015). Reactive DESI-MS imaging of biological tissues with dicationic ion-pairing compounds. Analytical Chemistry, 87(6), 3286-3293. doi:10.1021/ac5042445

This work illustrates reactive desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) with a stable dication on biological tissues. Rat brain and zebra fish tissues were investigated with reactive DESI-MS in which the dictation forms a stable... Read More about Reactive DESI-MS imaging of biological tissues with dicationic ion-pairing compounds.

Quaternary ammonium and phosphonium based ionic liquids: a comparison of common anions (2014)
Journal Article
Blundell, R. K., & Licence, P. (2014). Quaternary ammonium and phosphonium based ionic liquids: a comparison of common anions. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 16(29), 15278-15288. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cp01901f

A series of ammonium-based ionic liquids and their phosphonium analogues have been investigated using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). A robust C 1s peak fitting model has been developed and described for the tetraalkylphosphonium and tetraalk... Read More about Quaternary ammonium and phosphonium based ionic liquids: a comparison of common anions.

Tuning the electronic environment of cations and anions using ionic liquid mixtures (2014)
Journal Article
Villar-Garcia, I. J., Licence, P., Lovelock, K. R., & Men, S. (2014). Tuning the electronic environment of cations and anions using ionic liquid mixtures. Chemical Science, 5(6), 2573-2579. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4sc00106k

Electrostatic interactions are ubiquitous in ionic liquids and therefore, the electronic environment (i.e. the distribution of electron density) of their constituent ions has a determining influence on their properties and applications. Moreover, the... Read More about Tuning the electronic environment of cations and anions using ionic liquid mixtures.

Mechanical Property Characterization of Aligned Plant Yarn Reinforced Thermoset Matrix Composites Manufactured via Vacuum Infusion (2014)
Journal Article
Shah, D. U., Schubel, P. J., Clifford, M. J., & Licence, P. (2014). Mechanical Property Characterization of Aligned Plant Yarn Reinforced Thermoset Matrix Composites Manufactured via Vacuum Infusion. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 53(3), 239-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2013.843710

This article evaluates the mechanical properties of vacuum-infused unidirectional plant fiber composites (PFRPs), composing of bast fiber yarns and thermoset matrices. PFRPs are found to have lower fiber volume fractions than E-glass composites (GFRP... Read More about Mechanical Property Characterization of Aligned Plant Yarn Reinforced Thermoset Matrix Composites Manufactured via Vacuum Infusion.

Vaporisation and thermal decomposition of dialkylimidazolium halide ion ionic liquids (2013)
Journal Article
Lovelock, K. R. J., Armstrong, J. P., Licence, P., & Jones, R. G. (2014). Vaporisation and thermal decomposition of dialkylimidazolium halide ion ionic liquids. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 16(4), 1339-1353. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp52950a

Vaporisation and liquid phase thermal decomposition, TD, of two halide ion ionic liquids, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [C8C 1Im]Cl, and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, [C8C 1Im]I, are investigated using temperature programmed desorption... Read More about Vaporisation and thermal decomposition of dialkylimidazolium halide ion ionic liquids.