Professor DAVID GRAY's Outputs (50)

Freeze-thaw stability of oilseed rape oleosome emulsions (2025)
Journal Article
Bramante, F., di Bari, V., Adams, G., Beaudoin, F., Waschatko, G., Jakobi, R., Billecke, N., & Gray, D. (2025). Freeze-thaw stability of oilseed rape oleosome emulsions. Journal of Food Engineering, 392, Article 112471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2025.112471

This work investigated the stability of natural oleosome emulsions on freeze-thawing. Oleosomes were recovered from oilseed rape seeds following an aqueous extraction process using sodium bicarbonate (0.1 M). The final emulsions pH was adjusted to 9,... Read More about Freeze-thaw stability of oilseed rape oleosome emulsions.

Characterising the Concentration-Dependent Behaviour of Heat-Treated Sunflower Oleosomes at an Air-Water Interface (2024)
Journal Article
Aliyari, A., di Bari, V., Ratcliffe, L. P., Borah, P. K., Dong, Y., & Gray, D. (2025). Characterising the Concentration-Dependent Behaviour of Heat-Treated Sunflower Oleosomes at an Air-Water Interface. Food Hydrocolloids, 162, Article 110896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2024.110896

The behaviour of fresh and heat-treated sunflower oleosomes (oil bodies) at the air-water interface was studied using a force tensiometer with a conventional method and a new approach based on the fresh interface formation. Oleosomes were recovered u... Read More about Characterising the Concentration-Dependent Behaviour of Heat-Treated Sunflower Oleosomes at an Air-Water Interface.

Rapeseed oleosomes facilitate intestinal lymphatic delivery and oral bioavailability of cannabidiol (2024)
Journal Article
Ji, L., Feng, W., Chen, H., Chu, Y., Wong, A., Zhu, Y., Sinatra, G., Bramante, F., Carrière, F., Stocks, M. J., di Bari, V., Gray, D. A., & Gershkovich, P. (2025). Rapeseed oleosomes facilitate intestinal lymphatic delivery and oral bioavailability of cannabidiol. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 668, Article 124947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124947

Due to high lipophilicity and extensive first-pass metabolic loss, cannabidiol (CBD) has low oral bioavailability. Co-administration of CBD and long-chain lipids facilitates the intestinal lymphatic delivery, resulting in higher systemic bioavailabil... Read More about Rapeseed oleosomes facilitate intestinal lymphatic delivery and oral bioavailability of cannabidiol.

Evaluation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Microalgae as a Sustainable Feed Supplement and Fishmeal Substitute in Aquaculture with a Positive Impact on Human Nutrition (2023)
Journal Article
Darwish, R. M., Magee, K. J., Gedi, M. A., Farmanfarmaian, A., Zaky, A. S., Young, I., & Gray, D. A. (2023). Evaluation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Microalgae as a Sustainable Feed Supplement and Fishmeal Substitute in Aquaculture with a Positive Impact on Human Nutrition. Fermentation, 9(7), Article 682. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9070682

Currently, there is an urgent need for the growing aquaculture sector to rely on sustainable ingredients which can achieve optimal growth while maintaining fish’s nutritional value (especially omega-3 fatty acid content) for human consumption. Here,... Read More about Evaluation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Microalgae as a Sustainable Feed Supplement and Fishmeal Substitute in Aquaculture with a Positive Impact on Human Nutrition.

In situ monitoring of galactolipid digestion by infrared spectroscopy in both model micelles and spinach chloroplasts (2023)
Journal Article
Sahaka, M., Mateos-Diaz, E., Amara, S., Wattanakul, J., Gray, D., Lafont, D., Gontero, B., Launay, H., & Carrière, F. (2023). In situ monitoring of galactolipid digestion by infrared spectroscopy in both model micelles and spinach chloroplasts. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 252, 105291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105291

Galactolipids are the main lipids from plant photosynthetic membranes and they can be digested by pancreatic lipase related protein 2 (PLRP2), an enzyme found in the pancreatic secretion in many animal species. Here, we used transmission Fourier-tran... Read More about In situ monitoring of galactolipid digestion by infrared spectroscopy in both model micelles and spinach chloroplasts.

Chloroplast/thylakoid-rich material: A possible alternative to the chemically synthesised flow enhancer polyglycerol polyricinoleate in oil-based systems (2023)
Journal Article
Sutcharit, P., Wattanakul, J., Price, R., Di Bari, V., Gould, J., Yakubov, G., Wolf, B., & Gray, D. A. (2023). Chloroplast/thylakoid-rich material: A possible alternative to the chemically synthesised flow enhancer polyglycerol polyricinoleate in oil-based systems. Food Research International, 165, Article 112472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112472

Chloroplasts are abundant organelles in a diverse range of plant materials; they are predominantly composed of multicomponent thylakoid membranes which are lipid and protein rich. Intact or unravelled thylakoid membranes should, in principle, have in... Read More about Chloroplast/thylakoid-rich material: A possible alternative to the chemically synthesised flow enhancer polyglycerol polyricinoleate in oil-based systems.

Linking the yield stress functionality of polyglycerol polyricinoleate in a highly filled suspension to its molecular properties (2022)
Journal Article
Price, R., Gray, D., Watson, N., Vieira, J., & Wolf, B. (2022). Linking the yield stress functionality of polyglycerol polyricinoleate in a highly filled suspension to its molecular properties. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 165, Article 113704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113704

Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) is a food emulsifier with a unique yield stress reducing efficacy in fat-based suspensions. There are many commercially available PGPRs, and the different products vary in their impact on the yield stress. Choosing... Read More about Linking the yield stress functionality of polyglycerol polyricinoleate in a highly filled suspension to its molecular properties.

Vegetable oils composition affects the intestinal lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability of co-administered lipophilic drug cannabidiol (2022)
Journal Article
Feng, W., Qin, C., Abdelrazig, S., Bai, Z., Raji, M., Darwish, R., Chu, Y., Ji, L., Gray, D. A., Stocks, M. J., Constantinescu, C. S., Barrett, D. A., Fischer, P. M., & Gershkovich, P. (2022). Vegetable oils composition affects the intestinal lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability of co-administered lipophilic drug cannabidiol. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 624, Article 121947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121947

Although natural sesame oil has been shown to facilitate the lymphatic delivery and oral bioavailability of the highly lipophilic drug cannabidiol (CBD), considerable variability remains an unresolved challenge. Vegetable oils differ substantially in... Read More about Vegetable oils composition affects the intestinal lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability of co-administered lipophilic drug cannabidiol.

Bioaccessibility of essential lipophilic nutrients in a chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) from agricultural green waste during simulated human gastrointestinal tract digestion (2022)
Journal Article
Wattanakul, J., Syamila, M., Darwish, R., Gedi, M. A., Sutcharit, P., Chi, C., Akepach, P., Sahaka, M., Gontero, B., Carrière, F., & Gray, D. A. (2022). Bioaccessibility of essential lipophilic nutrients in a chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) from agricultural green waste during simulated human gastrointestinal tract digestion. Food and Function, 13(9), 5365-5380. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2fo00604a

An in vitro gastrointestinal human digestion model, with and without additional rapeseed oil, was used to measure the bioaccessibility of the major lipophilic nutrients enriched in chloroplasts: β-carotene; lutein; α-tocopherol; and α-linolenic acid.... Read More about Bioaccessibility of essential lipophilic nutrients in a chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) from agricultural green waste during simulated human gastrointestinal tract digestion.

Bioaccessibility of carotenoids (β-carotene and lutein) from intact and disrupted microalgae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) (2022)
Journal Article
Akepach, P., Ribeiro-Filho, N., Wattanakul, J., Darwish, R., Gedi, M. A., & Gray, D. A. (2022). Bioaccessibility of carotenoids (β-carotene and lutein) from intact and disrupted microalgae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii). LWT - Food Science and Technology, 160, Article 113292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113292

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) has a potential as a novel source for food/feed because it contains several constituents including bioactive compounds. However, its multilayer cell wall (hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein [HRPGs]) may restri... Read More about Bioaccessibility of carotenoids (β-carotene and lutein) from intact and disrupted microalgae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii).

Is oral lipid-based delivery for drug targeting to the brain feasible? (2022)
Journal Article
Brookes, A., Ji, L., Bradshaw, T. D., Stocks, M., Gray, D., Butler, J., & Gershkovich, P. (2022). Is oral lipid-based delivery for drug targeting to the brain feasible?. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 172, 112-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.02.004

This review outlines the feasibility of oral lipid-based targeted delivery of drugs to the brain, including permeation of the central nervous system's (CNS) protective blood–brain barrier (BBB). The structure of the BBB and disruption caused by varyi... Read More about Is oral lipid-based delivery for drug targeting to the brain feasible?.

A mathematical model of a single seed oleosome (2021)
Journal Article
Meacci, L., di Bari, V., Ausas, R. F., Mut, F., Gray, D. A., & Buscaglia, G. C. (2021). A mathematical model of a single seed oleosome. Applied Mathematics, 9, Article 100128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinam.2020.100128

© 2020 The Authors In this work we report for the first time a mathematical approach to model the behaviour of a single oleosome (oil body) within a seed cellular environment. To describe the behaviour of the oleosome membrane, we adopted a dynamical... Read More about A mathematical model of a single seed oleosome.

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a potential food supplement with the capacity to outperform Chlorella and Spirulina (2020)
Journal Article
Darwish, R., Gedi, M. A., Akepach, P., Assaye, H., Zaky, A. S., & Gray, D. A. (2020). Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a potential food supplement with the capacity to outperform Chlorella and Spirulina. Applied Sciences, 10(19), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10196736

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a green microalgae used as a model organism associated with biotechnological applications, yet its nutritional value has not been assessed. This study investigates... Read More about Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a potential food supplement with the capacity to outperform Chlorella and Spirulina.

Food biotechnology (2020)
Journal Article
Foster, T., Adams, G., di Bari, V., Connerton, I., Gould, J., Gouseti, O., Gray, D., & Yakubov, G. (2020). Food biotechnology. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, 30, 53-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2020.08.006

We investigate recent advances in the Chemical Engineering aspects of food structuring agents and macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, and also the fate of food upon ingestion. Prebiotic effects on host-microbe interactions enable impr... Read More about Food biotechnology.

Effect of steam sterilisation on lipophilic nutrient stability in a chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) recovered from postharvest, pea vine field residue (haulm) (2020)
Journal Article
Wattanakul, J., Syamila, M., Briars, R., Ayed, C., Price, R., Darwish, R., Gedi, M. A., & Gray, D. A. (2021). Effect of steam sterilisation on lipophilic nutrient stability in a chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) recovered from postharvest, pea vine field residue (haulm). Food Chemistry, 334, Article 127589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127589

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Postharvest, pea vine field residue (haulm) was steam-sterilised and then juiced; a chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) was recovered from the juice by centrifugation. The stability of selected nutrients (β-carotene, lutein, and α-toc... Read More about Effect of steam sterilisation on lipophilic nutrient stability in a chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) recovered from postharvest, pea vine field residue (haulm).

Spinach leaf and chloroplast lipid: A natural rheology modifier for chocolate? (2020)
Journal Article
Mohamad, N. J., Gray, D., & Wolf, B. (2020). Spinach leaf and chloroplast lipid: A natural rheology modifier for chocolate?. Food Research International, 133, Article 109193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109193

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd In this study the possibility of replacing current surfactants in chocolate formulations with natural lipids extracted from spinach leaf (SPLIP) or spinach chloroplast (CH.SPLIP) was evaluated. SPLIP and CH.SPLIP were extracted wi... Read More about Spinach leaf and chloroplast lipid: A natural rheology modifier for chocolate?.

Assessment of rapeseed oil body (oleosome) lipolytic activity as an effective predictor of emulsion purity and stability (2020)
Journal Article
De Chirico, S., di Bari, V., Romero Guzmán, M. J., Nikiforidis, C., Foster, T., & Gray, D. (2020). Assessment of rapeseed oil body (oleosome) lipolytic activity as an effective predictor of emulsion purity and stability. Food Chemistry, 316, Article 126355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126355

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd The lipolytic activity in oil body creams as affected by recovery and washing protocols was investigated. The effect of thermal treatment on the hydrolytic activity and physical stability of fresh and aged (up to 30 days) oil body... Read More about Assessment of rapeseed oil body (oleosome) lipolytic activity as an effective predictor of emulsion purity and stability.

Upcycling and valorisation of food waste (2020)
Book Chapter
Gedi, M. A., di Bari, V., Ibbett, R., Darwish, R., Nwaiwu, O., Umar, Z., Agarwal, D., Worrall, R., Gray, D., & Foster, T. (2020). Upcycling and valorisation of food waste. In C. Reynolds, T. Soma, C. Spring, & J. Lazell (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Food Waste (413-427). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429462795-31

In this chapter we introduce the concepts of upcycling and valorisation of food waste by highlighting some work at the University of Nottingham looking at valorisation of feed-stocks from brewers’ spent grain, Citrus waste, Pea Haulm and Bran, produc... Read More about Upcycling and valorisation of food waste.

In vitro digestion of galactolipids from chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) of postharvest pea vine field residue (halum) and spinach leaves (2019)
Journal Article
Wattanakul, J., Sahaka, M., Amara, S., Mansor, S., Gontero, B., Carrière, F., & Gray, D. (2019). In vitro digestion of galactolipids from chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) of postharvest pea vine field residue (halum) and spinach leaves. Food and Function, 10(12), 7806-7817. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9FO01867K

The removal of intact chloroplasts from their cell wall confinement offers a novel way to obtain lipophilic nutrients from green biomass, especially carotenoids and galactolipids. These latter are the main membrane lipids in plants and they represent... Read More about In vitro digestion of galactolipids from chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) of postharvest pea vine field residue (halum) and spinach leaves.

The effect of monovalent (Na+, K+) and divalent (Ca2+, Mg2+) cations on rapeseed oleosome (oil body) extraction and stability at pH 7 (2019)
Journal Article
Juliana Romero-Guzmán, M., Petris, V., De Chirico, S., di Bari, V., Gray, D., Boom, R. M., & Nikiforidis, C. V. (2020). The effect of monovalent (Na+, K+) and divalent (Ca2+, Mg2+) cations on rapeseed oleosome (oil body) extraction and stability at pH 7. Food Chemistry, 306, Article 125578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125578

Oleosomes are storage vehicles of TAGs in plant seeds. They are protected with a phospholipid-protein monolayer and extracted with alkaline aqueous media; however, pH adjustment intensifies the extraction process. Therefore the aim of this work was t... Read More about The effect of monovalent (Na+, K+) and divalent (Ca2+, Mg2+) cations on rapeseed oleosome (oil body) extraction and stability at pH 7.