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Protein dose requirements to maximise skeletal muscle protein synthesis after repeated bouts of resistance exercise in young trained women (2023)
Journal Article
MALLINSON, J., WARDLE, S., O'LEARY, T., GREEVES, J., CEGIELSKI, J., BASS, J., …GREENHAFF, P. (2023). Protein dose requirements to maximise skeletal muscle protein synthesis after repeated bouts of resistance exercise in young trained women. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 33(12), 2470-2481. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14506

Studies examining the effect of protein (PRO) feeding on post resistance exercise (RE) muscle protein synthesis (MPS) have primarily been performed in men, and little evidence is available regarding the quantity of PRO required to maximally stimulate... Read More about Protein dose requirements to maximise skeletal muscle protein synthesis after repeated bouts of resistance exercise in young trained women.

Feasibility of conducting a cohort randomized controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of a nurse-led package of care for knee pain (2023)
Journal Article
Fuller, A., Hall, M., Nomikos, P. A., Millar, B., Ogollah, R., Valdes, A., …Abhishek, A. (in press). Feasibility of conducting a cohort randomized controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of a nurse-led package of care for knee pain. Rheumatology, Article kead432. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kead432

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of conducting a cohort randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a nurse-led package of care for knee pain and determining a treatment sequence for use in a future trial. Methods This study was an open-label, thr... Read More about Feasibility of conducting a cohort randomized controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of a nurse-led package of care for knee pain.

Prevalence of physical frailty, including risk factors, up to 1 year after hospitalisation for COVID-19 in the UK: a multicentre, longitudinal cohort study (2023)
Journal Article
McAuley, H. J., Evans, R. A., Bolton, C. E., Brightling, C. E., Chalmers, J. D., Docherty, A. B., …Greening, N. J. (2023). Prevalence of physical frailty, including risk factors, up to 1 year after hospitalisation for COVID-19 in the UK: a multicentre, longitudinal cohort study. eClinicalMedicine, 57, Article 101896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101896

Background: The scale of COVID-19 and its well documented long-term sequelae support a need to understand long-term outcomes including frailty. Methods: This prospective cohort study recruited adults who had survived hospitalisation with clinically d... Read More about Prevalence of physical frailty, including risk factors, up to 1 year after hospitalisation for COVID-19 in the UK: a multicentre, longitudinal cohort study.

The impact of physical inactivity on glucose homeostasis when diet is adjusted to maintain energy balance in healthy, young males (2023)
Journal Article
Trim, W. V., Walhin, J. P., Koumanov, F., Turner, J. E., Shur, N. F., Simpson, E. J., …Thompson, D. (2023). The impact of physical inactivity on glucose homeostasis when diet is adjusted to maintain energy balance in healthy, young males. Clinical Nutrition, 42(4), 532-540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.02.006

Background & aims: It is unclear if dietary adjustments to maintain energy balance during reduced physical activity can offset inactivity-induced reductions in insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal to produce normal daily glucose concentrations an... Read More about The impact of physical inactivity on glucose homeostasis when diet is adjusted to maintain energy balance in healthy, young males.

Caloric restriction improves glycaemic control without reducing plasma branched-chain amino acids or keto-acids in obese men (2022)
Journal Article
Sayda, M. H., Abdul-Aziz, M. H., Gharahdaghi, N., Wilkinson, D. J., Greenhaff, P. L., Philips, B. E., …Atherton, P. J. (2022). Caloric restriction improves glycaemic control without reducing plasma branched-chain amino acids or keto-acids in obese men. Scientific Reports, 12, Article 19273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21814-z

Higher plasma leucine, isoleucine and valine (BCAA) concentrations are associated with diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Here, we evaluated the effects of 6-weeks very-low calorie diet (VLCD) upon fasting BCAA in overweight (OW) non-diab... Read More about Caloric restriction improves glycaemic control without reducing plasma branched-chain amino acids or keto-acids in obese men.

Prehabilitation: high-quality evidence is still required (2022)
Journal Article
Lobo, D. N., Skořepa, P., Gomez, D., & Greenhaff, P. L. (2022). Prehabilitation: high-quality evidence is still required. British Journal of Anaesthesia, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2022.09.016

Prehabilitation comprises multidisciplinary healthcare interventions, including exercise, nutritional optimisation, and psychological preparation, which aim to dampen the metabolic response to surgery, shorten the period of recovery, reduce complicat... Read More about Prehabilitation: high-quality evidence is still required.

Human adaptation to immobilization: Novel insights of impacts on glucose disposal and fuel utilization (2022)
Journal Article
Shur, N. F., Simpson, E. J., Crossland, H., Chivaka, P. K., Constantin, D., Cordon, S. M., …Greenhaff, P. L. (2022). Human adaptation to immobilization: Novel insights of impacts on glucose disposal and fuel utilization. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 13(6), 2999-3013. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13075

Background: Bed rest (BR) reduces whole-body insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (GD) and alters muscle fuel metabolism, but little is known about metabolic adaptation from acute to chronic BR nor the mechanisms involved, particularly when volunteers... Read More about Human adaptation to immobilization: Novel insights of impacts on glucose disposal and fuel utilization.

The effects of elective abdominal surgery on protein turnover: A meta-analysis of stable isotope techniques to investigate postoperative catabolism (2022)
Journal Article
Jaconelli, M., Greenhaff, P. L., Atherton, P. J., Lobo, D. N., & Brook, M. S. (2022). The effects of elective abdominal surgery on protein turnover: A meta-analysis of stable isotope techniques to investigate postoperative catabolism. Clinical Nutrition, 41(3), 709-722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2022.01.023

Background & aims Elective surgery induces skeletal muscle wasting driven by an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. From examination of diverse stable isotope tracer techniques, the dynamic processes driving this imbalance ar... Read More about The effects of elective abdominal surgery on protein turnover: A meta-analysis of stable isotope techniques to investigate postoperative catabolism.

Metabolomics as an Important Tool for Determining the Mechanisms of Human Skeletal Muscle Deconditioning (2021)
Journal Article
Alldritt, I., Greenhaff, P. L., & Wilkinson, D. J. (2021). Metabolomics as an Important Tool for Determining the Mechanisms of Human Skeletal Muscle Deconditioning. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(24), Article 13575. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413575

Muscle deconditioning impairs both locomotor function and metabolic health, and is associated with reduced quality life and increased mortality rates. Despite an appreciation of the existence of phenomena such as muscle anabolic resistance, mitophagy... Read More about Metabolomics as an Important Tool for Determining the Mechanisms of Human Skeletal Muscle Deconditioning.

Feasibility RCT of neuromuscular electrical stimulation; an Intervention to Maintain and improve neuroMuscular function during periods of Immobility (IMMI): Protocol (2021)
Working Paper
Gladman, J., Aloraibi, S., Greenhaff, P., Piasecki, M., Phillips, B., Atherton, P., …Gordon, A. (0000). Feasibility RCT of neuromuscular electrical stimulation; an Intervention to Maintain and improve neuroMuscular function during periods of Immobility (IMMI): Protocol

East Midlands Research into Ageing Network (EMRAN) is a research collaboration across the East Midlands to facilitate collaborative applied clinical research into ageing and the care of older people. EMRAN was set up by NIHR CLAHRC East Midlands and... Read More about Feasibility RCT of neuromuscular electrical stimulation; an Intervention to Maintain and improve neuroMuscular function during periods of Immobility (IMMI): Protocol.

Whole-body and muscle responses to aerobic exercise training and withdrawal in ageing and COPD (2021)
Journal Article
Latimer, L. E., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., Popat, B., Constantin, D., Houchen-Wolloff, L., Bolton, C. E., …Greenhaff, P. L. (2022). Whole-body and muscle responses to aerobic exercise training and withdrawal in ageing and COPD. European Respiratory Journal, 59(5), Article 2101507. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01507-2021

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients exhibit lower peak oxygen uptake (V'O2peak), altered muscle metabolism and impaired exercise tolerance compared with age-matched controls. Whether these traits reflect muscle-level dec... Read More about Whole-body and muscle responses to aerobic exercise training and withdrawal in ageing and COPD.

The Regulatory Roles of PPARs in Skeletal Muscle Fuel Metabolism and Inflammation: Impact of PPAR Agonism on Muscle in Chronic Disease, Contraction and Sepsis (2021)
Journal Article
Crossland, H., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., & Greenhaff, P. L. (2021). The Regulatory Roles of PPARs in Skeletal Muscle Fuel Metabolism and Inflammation: Impact of PPAR Agonism on Muscle in Chronic Disease, Contraction and Sepsis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(18), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189775

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family of transcription factors has been demonstrated to play critical roles in regulating fuel selection, energy expenditure and inflammation in skeletal muscle and other tissues. Activation of P... Read More about The Regulatory Roles of PPARs in Skeletal Muscle Fuel Metabolism and Inflammation: Impact of PPAR Agonism on Muscle in Chronic Disease, Contraction and Sepsis.

Review article: The aetiology of fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease and potential therapeutic management strategies (2021)
Journal Article
McGing, J. J., Radford, S. J., Francis, S. T., Serres, S., Greenhaff, P. L., & Moran, G. W. (2021). Review article: The aetiology of fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease and potential therapeutic management strategies. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 54(4), 368-387. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16465

Background: Fatigue is the inability to achieve or maintain an expected work output resulting from central or peripheral mechanisms. The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) fatigue can reach 86% in active disease, persisting in 50%-52% of... Read More about Review article: The aetiology of fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease and potential therapeutic management strategies.

Muscle and tendon adaptations to moderate load eccentric vs. concentric resistance exercise in young and older males (2021)
Journal Article
Quinlan, J. I., Franchi, M. V., Gharahdaghi, N., Badiali, F., Francis, S., Hale, A., …Narici, M. V. (2021). Muscle and tendon adaptations to moderate load eccentric vs. concentric resistance exercise in young and older males. GeroScience, 43(4), 1567-1584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-021-00396-0

Resistance exercise training (RET) is well-known to counteract negative age-related changes in both muscle and tendon tissue. Traditional RET consists of both concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) contractions; nevertheless, isolated ECC contractions... Read More about Muscle and tendon adaptations to moderate load eccentric vs. concentric resistance exercise in young and older males.

Potential role for pyruvate kinase M2 in the regulation of murine cardiac glycolytic flux during in vivo chronic hypoxia (2021)
Journal Article
Handzlik, M. K., Tooth, D. J., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., Greenhaff, P. L., & Cole, M. A. (2021). Potential role for pyruvate kinase M2 in the regulation of murine cardiac glycolytic flux during in vivo chronic hypoxia. Bioscience Reports, 41(6), Article BSR20203170. https://doi.org/10.1042/bsr20203170

Carbohydrate metabolism in heart failure shares similarities to that following hypoxic exposure, and is thought to maintain energy homeostasis in the face of reduced O2 availability. As part of these in vivo adaptations during sustained hypoxia, the... Read More about Potential role for pyruvate kinase M2 in the regulation of murine cardiac glycolytic flux during in vivo chronic hypoxia.

Age-related changes in muscle architecture and metabolism in humans: The likely contribution of physical inactivity to age-related functional decline (2021)
Journal Article
Shur, N. F., Creedon, L., Skirrow, S., Atherton, P. J., MacDonald, I. A., Lund, J., & Greenhaff, P. L. (2021). Age-related changes in muscle architecture and metabolism in humans: The likely contribution of physical inactivity to age-related functional decline. Ageing Research Reviews, 68, Article 101344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101344

In the United Kingdom (UK), it is projected that by 2035 people aged >65 years will make up 23 % of the population, with those aged >85 years accounting for 5% of the total population. Ageing is associated with progressive changes in muscle metabolis... Read More about Age-related changes in muscle architecture and metabolism in humans: The likely contribution of physical inactivity to age-related functional decline.

Immobilisation induces sizeable and sustained reductions in forearm glucose uptake in just 24h but does not change lipid uptake in healthy men (2021)
Journal Article
Burns, A. M., Nixon, A., Mallinson, J., Cordon, S. M., Stephens, F. B., & Greenhaff, P. L. (2021). Immobilisation induces sizeable and sustained reductions in forearm glucose uptake in just 24h but does not change lipid uptake in healthy men. Journal of Physiology, 599(8), 2197-2210. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP281021

© 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Physiological Society Key points: The trajectory, magnitude and localisation of metabolic perturbations caused by immobilisation (IMM) are unresolved.... Read More about Immobilisation induces sizeable and sustained reductions in forearm glucose uptake in just 24h but does not change lipid uptake in healthy men.

Antecubital Vein Cannula Position Impacts Assessment of Forearm Glucose Uptake During an Oral Glucose Challenge in Healthy Volunteers (2020)
Journal Article
Bétry, C., Nixon, A. V., Greenhaff, P. L., & Simpson, E. J. (2022). Antecubital Vein Cannula Position Impacts Assessment of Forearm Glucose Uptake During an Oral Glucose Challenge in Healthy Volunteers. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes, 130(01), 49-54. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1275-4038

© 2020 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved. Introduction Skeletal muscle is a major site for whole-body glucose disposal, and determination of skeletal muscle glucose uptake is an important metabolic measurement, particularly in rese... Read More about Antecubital Vein Cannula Position Impacts Assessment of Forearm Glucose Uptake During an Oral Glucose Challenge in Healthy Volunteers.

Associations between plasma branched chain amino acids and health biomarkers in response to resistance exercise training across age (2020)
Journal Article
Sayda, M. H., Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Greenhaff, P. L., Wilkinson, D. J., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2020). Associations between plasma branched chain amino acids and health biomarkers in response to resistance exercise training across age. Nutrients, 12(10), https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103029

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Leucine, isoleucine and valine (i.e., the branched chain amino acids, BCAA) play a key role in the support and regulation of tissue protein regulation and also as energy substrates. However, p... Read More about Associations between plasma branched chain amino acids and health biomarkers in response to resistance exercise training across age.

The East Midlands Knee Pain Multiple Randomised Controlled Trial Cohort Study: Cohort Establishment and Feasibility study protocol (2020)
Journal Article
Hall, M. C., Fuller, A., Nomikos, P. A., Millar, B., Ogollah, R., Valdes, A., …Abhishek, A. (2020). The East Midlands Knee Pain Multiple Randomised Controlled Trial Cohort Study: Cohort Establishment and Feasibility study protocol. BMJ Open, 10(9), Article e037760

Introduction: Knee pain and osteoarthritis (OA) are a common cause of disability. The UK National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) OA guidelines recommend education, exercise and weight-loss advice (if overweight) as core interventions... Read More about The East Midlands Knee Pain Multiple Randomised Controlled Trial Cohort Study: Cohort Establishment and Feasibility study protocol.

East Midlands knee pain multiple randomised controlled trial cohort study: cohort establishment and feasibility study protocol (2020)
Journal Article
Hall, M., Fuller, A., Nomikos, P. A., Millar, B., Ogollah, R., Valdes, A., …Abhishek, A. (2020). East Midlands knee pain multiple randomised controlled trial cohort study: cohort establishment and feasibility study protocol. BMJ Open, 10(9), https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037760

© 2020 BMJ Open Introduction Knee pain due to osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of disability. The UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence OA guidelines recommend education, exercise and weight loss advice (if overweight) as core int... Read More about East Midlands knee pain multiple randomised controlled trial cohort study: cohort establishment and feasibility study protocol.

Submaximal Eccentric Cycling in People With COPD: Acute Whole-Body Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Metabolic Responses (2020)
Journal Article
Ward, T. J. C., Lindley, M. R., Ferguson, R. A., Constantin, D., Singh, S. J., Bolton, C. E., …Steiner, M. C. (2021). Submaximal Eccentric Cycling in People With COPD: Acute Whole-Body Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Metabolic Responses. Chest, 159(2), 564-574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.2082

© 2020 American College of Chest Physicians Background: Eccentric cycling (ECC) may be an attractive exercise method in COPD because of both low cardiorespiratory demand and perception of effort compared with conventional concentric cycling (CON) at... Read More about Submaximal Eccentric Cycling in People With COPD: Acute Whole-Body Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Metabolic Responses.

The clinical usefulness of muscle mass and strength measures in older people: a systematic review (2020)
Journal Article
Lunt, E., Ong, T., Gordon, A. L., Greenhaff, P. L., & Gladman, J. R. F. (2021). The clinical usefulness of muscle mass and strength measures in older people: a systematic review. Age and Ageing, 50(1), 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa123

Background: Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and quality and is diagnosed using measures of muscle strength, size and mass. We evaluated the literature on whether sarcopenia measures are predictive of motor outcomes in older people in clinical... Read More about The clinical usefulness of muscle mass and strength measures in older people: a systematic review.

Major elective abdominal surgery acutely impairs lower limb muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity and mitochondrial function (2020)
Journal Article
Atkins, R., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., Varadhan, K. K., Constantin, D., Lobo, D. N., & Greenhaff, P. L. (2021). Major elective abdominal surgery acutely impairs lower limb muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity and mitochondrial function. Clinical Nutrition, 40(3), 1046-1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2020.07.006

© 2020 The Author(s) Background & aims: This post hoc study aimed to determine whether major elective abdominal surgery had any acute impact on mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) activity and maximal mitochondrial ATP production rates... Read More about Major elective abdominal surgery acutely impairs lower limb muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity and mitochondrial function.

Untargeted metabolomics for uncovering biological markers of human skeletal muscle ageing (2020)
Journal Article
Wilkinson, D. J., Rodriguez-Blanco, G., Dunn, W. B., Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Greenhaff, P. L., …Atherton, P. J. (2020). Untargeted metabolomics for uncovering biological markers of human skeletal muscle ageing. Aging, 12(13), 12517-12533. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103513

Ageing compromises skeletal muscle mass and function through poorly defined molecular aetiology. Here we have used untargeted metabolomics using UHPLC-MS to profile muscle tissue from young (n=10, 25±4y), middle aged (n=18, 50±4y) and older (n=18, 70... Read More about Untargeted metabolomics for uncovering biological markers of human skeletal muscle ageing.

Perioperative nutrition: Recommendations from the ESPEN expert group (2020)
Journal Article
Lobo, D. N., Gianotti, L., Adiamah, A., Barazzoni, R., Deutz, N., Dhatariya, K., …Weimann, A. (2020). Perioperative nutrition: Recommendations from the ESPEN expert group. Clinical Nutrition, 39(11), 3211-3227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2020.03.038

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Background & aims: Malnutrition has been recognized as a major risk factor for adverse postoperative outcomes. The ESPEN Symposium on perioperative nutrition was held in N... Read More about Perioperative nutrition: Recommendations from the ESPEN expert group.

Investigating musculoskeletal health and wellbeing; A cohort study protocol (2020)
Journal Article
Millar, B., McWilliams, D. F., Abhishek, A., Akin-Akinyosoye, K., Auer, D. P., Chapman, V., …Walsh, D. A. (2020). Investigating musculoskeletal health and wellbeing; A cohort study protocol. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 21(1), Article 182. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03195-4

© 2020 The Author(s). Background: In an ageing population, pain, frailty and disability frequently coexist across a wide range of musculoskeletal diagnoses, but their associations remain incompletely understood. The Investigating Musculoskeletal Heal... Read More about Investigating musculoskeletal health and wellbeing; A cohort study protocol.

Mitochondrial DNA copy number associates with insulin sensitivity and aerobic capacity, and differs between sedentary, overweight middle-aged males with and without type 2 diabetes (2019)
Journal Article
Constantin-Teodosiu, D., Constantin, D., Pelsers, M. M., Verdijk, L. B., van Loon, L., & Greenhaff, P. (2019). Mitochondrial DNA copy number associates with insulin sensitivity and aerobic capacity, and differs between sedentary, overweight middle-aged males with and without type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Obesity, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-019-0473-2

Background/objectives: Increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to impaired muscle mitochondrial function and reduced mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAnum). However, studies have failed to control for habitual physical activity... Read More about Mitochondrial DNA copy number associates with insulin sensitivity and aerobic capacity, and differs between sedentary, overweight middle-aged males with and without type 2 diabetes.

Testosterone therapy induces molecular programming augmenting physiological adaptations to resistance exercise in older men (2019)
Journal Article
Gharahdaghi, N., Rudrappa, S., Brook, M. S., Idris, I., Crossland, H., Hamrock, C., …Atherton, P. J. (2019). Testosterone therapy induces molecular programming augmenting physiological adaptations to resistance exercise in older men. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 10(6), 1276-1294. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12472

Background: The andropause is associated with declines in serum testosterone (T), loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) and frailty. Two major interventions purported to offset sarcopenia are anabolic steroid therapies and resistance exercise training (RE... Read More about Testosterone therapy induces molecular programming augmenting physiological adaptations to resistance exercise in older men.

Impact of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation or resistance exercise on skeletal muscle mRNA expression in COPD (2019)
Journal Article
Latimer, L., Constantin, D., Greening, N., Calvert, L., Menon, M., & Greenhaff, P. (2019). Impact of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation or resistance exercise on skeletal muscle mRNA expression in COPD. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 14, 1355-1364. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S189896

Background: Voluntary resistance exercise (RE) training increases muscle mass and strength in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nonvolitional transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may be an alternative s... Read More about Impact of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation or resistance exercise on skeletal muscle mRNA expression in COPD.

Greater loss of mitochondrial function with ageing is associated with earlier onset of sarcopenia in C. elegans (2018)
Journal Article
Gaffney, C. J., Pollard, A., Barratt, T. F., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., Greenhaff, P. L., & Szewczyk, N. J. (2018). Greater loss of mitochondrial function with ageing is associated with earlier onset of sarcopenia in C. elegans. Aging, 10(11), 3382-3396. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101654

Sarcopenia, the age-related decline of muscle, is a significant and growing public health burden. C. elegans, a model organism for investigating the mechanisms of ageing, also displays sarcopenia, but the underlying mechanism(s) remain elusive. Here,... Read More about Greater loss of mitochondrial function with ageing is associated with earlier onset of sarcopenia in C. elegans.

The impact of immobilisation and inflammation on the regulation of muscle mass and insulin resistance: different routes to similar end points (2018)
Journal Article
Crossland, H., Skirrow, S., Puthucheary, Z. A., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., & Greenhaff, P. L. (2018). The impact of immobilisation and inflammation on the regulation of muscle mass and insulin resistance: different routes to similar end points. Journal of Physiology, 597(5), 1259-1270. https://doi.org/10.1113/jp275444

Loss of muscle mass and insulin sensitivity are common phenotypic traits of immobilisation and increased inflammatory burden. The suppression of muscle protein synthesis is the primary driver of muscle mass loss in human immobilisation, and includes... Read More about The impact of immobilisation and inflammation on the regulation of muscle mass and insulin resistance: different routes to similar end points.

Increasing cardiac pyruvate dehydrogenase flux during chronic hypoxia improves acute hypoxic tolerance (2018)
Journal Article
Handzlik, M., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., Greenhaff, P. L., & Cole, M. (2018). Increasing cardiac pyruvate dehydrogenase flux during chronic hypoxia improves acute hypoxic tolerance. Journal of Physiology, 596(15), 3357-3369. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP275357

The pattern of metabolic reprogramming in chronic hypoxia shares similarities with that following myocardial infarction or hypertrophy, however the response of the chronically hypoxic heart to subsequent acute injury, and the role of metabolism is no... Read More about Increasing cardiac pyruvate dehydrogenase flux during chronic hypoxia improves acute hypoxic tolerance.

Maximal-intensity exercise does not fully restore muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activation after 3 days of high-fat dietary intake (2018)
Journal Article
Constantin-Teodosiu, D., Cederblad, G., Bergstrom, M., & Greenhaff, P. L. (2019). Maximal-intensity exercise does not fully restore muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activation after 3 days of high-fat dietary intake. Clinical Nutrition, 38(2), 948-953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.001

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Background & aims: Exercise activates muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), but moderate intensity exercise fails to fully activate muscle PDC after high-fat diet [... Read More about Maximal-intensity exercise does not fully restore muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activation after 3 days of high-fat dietary intake.

Inflammation-mediated muscle metabolic dysregulation local and remote to the site of major abdominal surgery (2017)
Journal Article
Varadhan, K. K., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., Constantin, D., Greenhaff, P. L., & Lobo, D. N. (2017). Inflammation-mediated muscle metabolic dysregulation local and remote to the site of major abdominal surgery. Clinical Nutrition, 37(6, Part A), 2178-2185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.10.020

Background & aims: Postoperative hyperglycaemia is common in patients having major surgery and is associated with adverse outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether bacteraemia contributed to postoperative systemic inflammation, and whether incr... Read More about Inflammation-mediated muscle metabolic dysregulation local and remote to the site of major abdominal surgery.

Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men (2017)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Phillips, B. E., Hill, I., Greenhaff, P. L., Lund, J. N., Williams, J. P., …Atherton, P. J. (2017). Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men. Clinical Science, 131(21), https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20171230

Leucine modulates muscle protein synthesis (MPS), with potential to facilitate accrual/maintenance of muscle mass. Animal models suggest that leucine boluses shortly after meals may prolong MPS and delay onset of a “muscle-full” state. However, the e... Read More about Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men.

Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid and whey protein bolus dosing upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis at rest and after exercise in older women (2017)
Journal Article
Wilkinson, D. J., Bukhari, S. S., Phillips, B. E., Limb, M. C., Cegielski, J., Brook, M. S., …Atherton, P. J. (2018). Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid and whey protein bolus dosing upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis at rest and after exercise in older women. Clinical Nutrition, 37(6), 2011-2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.008

© 2017 The Authors Background & aims: Impaired anabolic responses to nutrition and exercise contribute to loss of skeletal muscle mass with ageing (sarcopenia). Here, we tested responses of muscle protein synthesis (MPS), in the under represented gr... Read More about Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid and whey protein bolus dosing upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis at rest and after exercise in older women.

Muscle thickness correlates to muscle cross sectional area in the assessment of strength training induced hypertrophy (2017)
Journal Article
Franchi, M. V., Longo, S., Mallinson, J. E., Quinlan, J. I., Taylor, T., Greenhaff, P. L., & Narici, M. V. (in press). Muscle thickness correlates to muscle cross sectional area in the assessment of strength training induced hypertrophy. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 28(3), https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12961

Aim: Muscle thickness (MT) measured by ultrasound has been used to estimate cross-sectional area (measured by CT and MRI) at a single time-point. We tested whether MT could be used as a valid marker of MRI determined muscle anatomical cross-sectional... Read More about Muscle thickness correlates to muscle cross sectional area in the assessment of strength training induced hypertrophy.

Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age (2017)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Greenhaff, P. L., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2017). Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age. JCI insight, 2(17), Article e95581. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.95581

BACKGROUND. The impact of resistance exercise training (RE-T) across the life span is poorly defined. METHODS. To resolve this, we recruited three distinct age cohorts of young (18–28 years; n = 11), middle-aged (45–55 years; n = 20), and... Read More about Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age.

A novel D2O tracer method to quantify RNA turnover as a biomarker of de novo ribosomal biogenesis, in vitro, in animal models, and in human skeletal muscle (2017)
Journal Article
Brook, M. S., Wilkinson, D., Mitchell, W. K., Lund, J. N., Phillips, B. E., Szewczyk, N. J., …Atherton, P. J. (2017). A novel D2O tracer method to quantify RNA turnover as a biomarker of de novo ribosomal biogenesis, in vitro, in animal models, and in human skeletal muscle. AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 313(6), Article E681-E689. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00157.2017

Current methods to quantify in vivo RNA dynamics are limited. Here, we developed a novel stable isotope (D2O) methodology to quantify RNA synthesis (i.e., ribosomal biogenesis) in cells, animal models, and humans. First, proliferating C2C12 cells wer... Read More about A novel D2O tracer method to quantify RNA turnover as a biomarker of de novo ribosomal biogenesis, in vitro, in animal models, and in human skeletal muscle.

Muscle carnitine availability plays a central role in regulating fuel metabolism in the rodent (2017)
Journal Article
Porter, C., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., Constantin, D., Leighton, B., Poucher, S. M., & Greenhaff, P. L. (2017). Muscle carnitine availability plays a central role in regulating fuel metabolism in the rodent. Journal of Physiology, 595(17), 5765-5780. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP274415

The body carnitine pool is primarily confined to skeletal muscle, where it regulates carbohydrate (CHO) and fat usage. Mildronate (3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium)-propionate) inhibits carnitine synthesis and tissue uptake, but the impact of carnitine... Read More about Muscle carnitine availability plays a central role in regulating fuel metabolism in the rodent.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? agonism attenuates endotoxaemia-induced muscle protein loss and lactate accumulation in rats (2017)
Journal Article
Crossland, H., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., Gardiner, S. M., & Greenhaff, P. (2017). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? agonism attenuates endotoxaemia-induced muscle protein loss and lactate accumulation in rats. Clinical Science, 131(13), 1437-1447. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20170958

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone (Rosi) appears to provide protection against organ dysfunction during endotoxaemia. We examined the potential benefits of Rosi on skeletal muscle protein maintenance and c... Read More about Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? agonism attenuates endotoxaemia-induced muscle protein loss and lactate accumulation in rats.

Synchronous deficits in cumulative muscle protein synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis underlie age-related anabolic resistance to exercise in humans (2016)
Journal Article
Brook, M. S., Wilkinson, D. J., Mitchell, W. K., Lund, J. N., Phillips, B. E., Szewczyk, N. J., …Atherton, P. J. (2016). Synchronous deficits in cumulative muscle protein synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis underlie age-related anabolic resistance to exercise in humans. Journal of Physiology, 594(24), 7399-7417. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP272857

Ageing is associated with impaired hypertrophic responses to resistance exercise training (RET). Here we investigated the aetiology of ‘anabolic resistance’ in older humans. Twenty healthy male individuals, 10 younger (Y; 23 ± 1 years) and 10 older (... Read More about Synchronous deficits in cumulative muscle protein synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis underlie age-related anabolic resistance to exercise in humans.

Human Skeletal Muscle Disuse Atrophy: Effects on Muscle Protein Synthesis, Breakdown, and Insulin Resistance—A Qualitative Review (2016)
Journal Article
Rudrappa, S. S., Wilkinson, D., Greenhaff, P. L., Smith, K., Idris, I., & Atherton, P. J. (2016). Human Skeletal Muscle Disuse Atrophy: Effects on Muscle Protein Synthesis, Breakdown, and Insulin Resistance—A Qualitative Review. Frontiers in Physiology, 7(361), https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00361

The ever increasing burden of an ageing population and pandemic of metabolic syndrome worldwide demands further understanding of the modifiable risk factors in reducing disability and morbidity associated with these conditions. Disuse skeletal muscle... Read More about Human Skeletal Muscle Disuse Atrophy: Effects on Muscle Protein Synthesis, Breakdown, and Insulin Resistance—A Qualitative Review.

Creatine ingestion augments dietary carbohydrate mediated muscle glycogen supercompensation during the initial 24h of recovery following prolonged exhaustive exercise in humans (2016)
Journal Article
Roberts, P. A., Fox, J., Peirce, N., Jones, S. W., Casey, A., & Greenhaff, P. L. (2016). Creatine ingestion augments dietary carbohydrate mediated muscle glycogen supercompensation during the initial 24h of recovery following prolonged exhaustive exercise in humans. Amino Acids, 48(8), 1831–1842. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-016-2252-x

Muscle glycogen availability can limit endurance exercise performance. We previously demonstrated 5 days of creatine (Cr) and carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion augmented post-exercise muscle glycogen storage compared to CHO feeding alone in healthy volunt... Read More about Creatine ingestion augments dietary carbohydrate mediated muscle glycogen supercompensation during the initial 24h of recovery following prolonged exhaustive exercise in humans.

The effect of age and unilateral leg immobilisation for 2 weeks on substrate ulilisation during moderate-intensity exercise in human skeletal muscle (2016)
Journal Article
Vigelsø, A., Gram, M., Dybboe, R., Kuhlman, A., Prats, C., Greenhaff, P. L., …Helge, J. (2016). The effect of age and unilateral leg immobilisation for 2 weeks on substrate ulilisation during moderate-intensity exercise in human skeletal muscle. Journal of Physiology, 594(8), 2339-2358. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP271712

Age and inactivity have been associated with intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) accumulation. Here, we attempt to disentangle these factors by studying the effect of 2 weeks of unilateral leg immobilization on substrate utilization across the legs dur... Read More about The effect of age and unilateral leg immobilisation for 2 weeks on substrate ulilisation during moderate-intensity exercise in human skeletal muscle.

Relative Contribution of Intramyocellular Lipid to Whole-Body Fat Oxidation Is Reduced With Age but Subsarcolemmal Lipid Accumulation and Insulin Resistance Are Only Associated With Overweight Individuals (2016)
Journal Article
Chee, C., Shannon, C. E., Burns, A., Selby, A. L., Wilkinson, D., Smith, K., …Stephens, F. B. (2016). Relative Contribution of Intramyocellular Lipid to Whole-Body Fat Oxidation Is Reduced With Age but Subsarcolemmal Lipid Accumulation and Insulin Resistance Are Only Associated With Overweight Individuals. Diabetes, 65(4), 840-850. https://doi.org/10.2337/db15-1383

© 2016 by the American Diabetes Association. Insulin resistance is closely related to intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) accumulation, and both are associated with increasing age. It remains to be determined to what extent perturbations in IMCL metabolism... Read More about Relative Contribution of Intramyocellular Lipid to Whole-Body Fat Oxidation Is Reduced With Age but Subsarcolemmal Lipid Accumulation and Insulin Resistance Are Only Associated With Overweight Individuals.

Protein ingestion acutely inhibits insulin-stimulated muscle carnitine uptake in healthy young men (2015)
Journal Article
Shannon, C. E., Nixon, A. V., Greenhaff, P. L., & Stephens, F. B. (2016). Protein ingestion acutely inhibits insulin-stimulated muscle carnitine uptake in healthy young men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 103(1), https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.119826

BACKGROUND: Increasing skeletal muscle carnitine content represents an appealing intervention in conditions of perturbed lipid metabolism such as obesity and type 2 diabetes but requires chronic L-carnitine feeding on a daily basis in a high-carbohy... Read More about Protein ingestion acutely inhibits insulin-stimulated muscle carnitine uptake in healthy young men.

Obesity appears to be associated with altered muscle protein synthetic and breakdown responses to increased nutrient delivery in older men, but not reduced muscle mass or contractile function. (2015)
Journal Article
Murton, A. J., Marimuthu, K., Mallinson, J. E., Selby, A. L., Smith, K., Rennie, M. J., & Greenhaff, P. L. (2015). Obesity appears to be associated with altered muscle protein synthetic and breakdown responses to increased nutrient delivery in older men, but not reduced muscle mass or contractile function. Diabetes, 64(9), https://doi.org/10.2337/db15-0021

Obesity is increasing, yet despite the necessity to maintain muscle mass and function with age, the effect of obesity on muscle protein turnover in older adults remains unknown. Eleven obese (BMI 31.9 ±1.1) and 15 healthy weight (HW; BMI 23.4 ±0.3) o... Read More about Obesity appears to be associated with altered muscle protein synthetic and breakdown responses to increased nutrient delivery in older men, but not reduced muscle mass or contractile function..

Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise (2015)
Journal Article
Bukhari, S. S., Phillips, B. E., Wilkinson, D. J., Limb, M. C., Rankin, D., Mitchell, W. K., …Atherton, P. J. (2015). Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise. AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 308(12), E1056-E1065. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00481.2014

© 2015 American Physiological Society. All Rights Reseved. Dysregulated anabolic responses to nutrition/exercise may contribute to sarcopenia; however, these characteristics are poorly defined in female populations. We determined the effects of two f... Read More about Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise.

Statin myalgia is not associated with reduced muscle strength, mass or protein turnover in older male volunteers, but is allied with a slowing of time to peak power output, insulin resistance and differential muscle mRNA expression: Statin myalgia, muscle function and metabolism (2015)
Journal Article
Selby, A., Murton, A., Mallinson, J. E., Marimuthu, K., Murton, A. J., Selby, A. L., …Greenhaff, P. L. (2015). Statin myalgia is not associated with reduced muscle strength, mass or protein turnover in older male volunteers, but is allied with a slowing of time to peak power output, insulin resistance and differential muscle mRNA expression: Statin myalgia, muscle function and metabolism. Journal of Physiology, 593(5), 1239-1257. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2014.285577

Statins are associated with muscle myalgia and myopathy, which probably reduce habitual physical activity. This is particularly relevant to older people who are less active, sarcopaenic and at increased risk of statin myalgia. We hypothesised that st... Read More about Statin myalgia is not associated with reduced muscle strength, mass or protein turnover in older male volunteers, but is allied with a slowing of time to peak power output, insulin resistance and differential muscle mRNA expression: Statin myalgia, muscle function and metabolism.

Skeletal muscle hypertrophy adaptations predominate in the early stages of resistance exercise training, matching deuterium oxide-derived measures of muscle protein synthesis and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling (2015)
Journal Article
Brook, M. S., Wilkinson, D. J., Mitchell, W. K., Lund, J. N., Szewczyk, N. J., Greenhaff, P. L., …Atherton, P. (2015). Skeletal muscle hypertrophy adaptations predominate in the early stages of resistance exercise training, matching deuterium oxide-derived measures of muscle protein synthesis and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling. FASEB Journal, 29(11), https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.15-273755

The integrin-adhesome is required to maintain muscle structure, mitochondrial ATP production, and movement forces in Caenorhabditis elegans (2014)
Journal Article
Etheridge, T., Rahman, M., Gaffney, C. J., Shaw, D., Shephard, F., Magudia, J., …Szewcyzk, N. (2015). The integrin-adhesome is required to maintain muscle structure, mitochondrial ATP production, and movement forces in Caenorhabditis elegans. FASEB Journal, 29(4), 1235-1246. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.14-259119

The integrin-adhesome network, which contains >150 proteins, is mechano-transducing and located at discreet positions along the cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interface. A small subset of the integrin-adhesome is known to maintain normal mus... Read More about The integrin-adhesome is required to maintain muscle structure, mitochondrial ATP production, and movement forces in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Transient transcriptional events in human skeletal muscle at the outset of concentric resistance exercise training (2014)
Journal Article
Murton, A. J., Billeter, R., Stephens, F. B., Des Etages, S., Graber, F., Hill, R., …Greenhaff, P. L. (2014). Transient transcriptional events in human skeletal muscle at the outset of concentric resistance exercise training. Journal of Applied Physiology, 116(1), https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00426.2013

We sought to ascertain the time course of transcriptional events that occur in human skeletal muscle at the outset of resistance exercise (RE) training in RE naive individuals and determine whether the magnitude of response was associated with exerci... Read More about Transient transcriptional events in human skeletal muscle at the outset of concentric resistance exercise training.