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A randomised crossover trial of tezacaftor-ivacaftor for gut dysfunction in cystic fibrosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes: a pilot study (2024)
Journal Article
Ng, C., Dellschaft, N. S., Hoad, C., Marciani, L., Spiller, R., Crooks, C., …Smyth, A. R. (2024). A randomised crossover trial of tezacaftor-ivacaftor for gut dysfunction in cystic fibrosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes: a pilot study. NIHR Open Research, 3, Article 65. https://doi.org/10.3310/nihropenres.13510.2

Background People with cystic fibrosis (CF) can experience recurrent chest infections, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and gastrointestinal symptoms. New cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator drugs improve lung funct... Read More about A randomised crossover trial of tezacaftor-ivacaftor for gut dysfunction in cystic fibrosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes: a pilot study.

Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Visualization of Oral Dosage Forms in the Human Stomach: A Scoping Review (2024)
Journal Article
Akbar, T., Gershkovich, P., Stamatopoulos, K., Gowland, P. A., Stolnik, S., Butler, J., & Marciani, L. (2024). Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Visualization of Oral Dosage Forms in the Human Stomach: A Scoping Review. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 21(4), 1553-1562. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01123

Oral dosage forms are the most widely and frequently used formulations to deliver active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), due to their ease of administration and noninvasiveness. Knowledge of intragastric release rates and gastric mixing is crucial... Read More about Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Visualization of Oral Dosage Forms in the Human Stomach: A Scoping Review.

Adolescent to young adult longitudinal development of subcortical volumes in two European sites with four waves (2024)
Journal Article
Backhausen, L. L., Fröhner, J. H., Lemaître, H., Artiges, E., Martinot, M. P., Herting, M. M., …Vetter, N. C. (2024). Adolescent to young adult longitudinal development of subcortical volumes in two European sites with four waves. Human Brain Mapping, 45(3), Article e26574. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.26574

Adolescent subcortical structural brain development might underlie psychopathological symptoms, which often emerge in adolescence. At the same time, sex differences exist in psychopathology, which might be mirrored in underlying sex differences in st... Read More about Adolescent to young adult longitudinal development of subcortical volumes in two European sites with four waves.

Mechanisms underlying the laxative effect of lactulose: A randomized placebo‐controlled trial showing increased small bowel water and motility unaltered by the 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron (2024)
Journal Article
Gunn, D., Yeldho, C., Hoad, C., Menys, A., Gowland, P., Marciani, L., & Spiller, R. (in press). Mechanisms underlying the laxative effect of lactulose: A randomized placebo‐controlled trial showing increased small bowel water and motility unaltered by the 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14754

Background: Lactulose is a laxative which accelerates transit and softens stool. Our aim was to investigate its mechanism of action and use this model of diarrhea to investigate the anti-diarrheal actions of ondansetron. Methods: A double-blind, ra... Read More about Mechanisms underlying the laxative effect of lactulose: A randomized placebo‐controlled trial showing increased small bowel water and motility unaltered by the 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron.

Colon length in pediatric health and constipation measured using magnetic resonance imaging and three dimensional skeletonization (2024)
Journal Article
Sharif, H., Hoad, C. L., Abrehart, N., Gowland, P. A., Spiller, R. C., Kirkham, S., …Marciani, L. (2024). Colon length in pediatric health and constipation measured using magnetic resonance imaging and three dimensional skeletonization. PLoS ONE, 19(1), Article e0296311. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296311

Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies showed that colonic volumes in children are different between health and functional constipation. The length of the colon has however been rarely measured and principally using unphysiological colon pre... Read More about Colon length in pediatric health and constipation measured using magnetic resonance imaging and three dimensional skeletonization.

A randomised crossover trial of tezacaftor-ivacaftor for gut dysfunction in cystic fibrosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes. (2023)
Journal Article
Ng, C., Dellschaft, N. S., Hoad, C., Marciani, L., Spiller, R., Crooks, C., …Smyth, A. R. (2023). A randomised crossover trial of tezacaftor-ivacaftor for gut dysfunction in cystic fibrosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes. NIHR Open Research, 3(65), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3310/nihropenres.13510.1

Background People with cystic fibrosis (CF) can experience recurrent chest infections, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and gastrointestinal symptoms. New cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator drugs improve lung fun... Read More about A randomised crossover trial of tezacaftor-ivacaftor for gut dysfunction in cystic fibrosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes..

The impact of variations in subject geometry, respiration and coil repositioning on the specific absorption rate in parallel transmit abdominal imaging at 7 T (2023)
Journal Article
Doran, E., Naim, I., Bowtell, R., Gowland, P. A., Glover, P. M., & Bawden, S. (in press). The impact of variations in subject geometry, respiration and coil repositioning on the specific absorption rate in parallel transmit abdominal imaging at 7 T. NMR in Biomedicine, Article e5032. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.5032

Parallel transmit MRI at 7 T has increasingly been adopted in research projects and provides increased signal‐to‐noise ratios and novel contrasts. However, the interactions of fields in the body need to be carefully considered to ensure safe scanning... Read More about The impact of variations in subject geometry, respiration and coil repositioning on the specific absorption rate in parallel transmit abdominal imaging at 7 T.

In vivo observation of a stomach road or ‘Magenstrasse’ for gastric emptying using MRI imaging in healthy humans (2023)
Journal Article
Almutairi, F., Alyami, J., Pritchard, S., Alsharef, W., Spiller, R. C., Gowland, P. A., …Hoad, C. L. (2023). In vivo observation of a stomach road or ‘Magenstrasse’ for gastric emptying using MRI imaging in healthy humans. Clinical Nutrition Open Science, 51, 35-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutos.2023.08.002

The presence of a ‘magenstrasse’, a central ‘stomach road’ for flow and mixing of foods and drinks in the stomach had been predicted from hydrodynamic modelling. Here a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tagging technique was used to gain novel insight... Read More about In vivo observation of a stomach road or ‘Magenstrasse’ for gastric emptying using MRI imaging in healthy humans.

Measuring chemical exchange saturation transfer exchange rates in the human brain using a particle swarm optimisation algorithm (2023)
Journal Article
Carradus, A. J., Bradley, J. M., Gowland, P. A., & Mougin, O. E. (2023). Measuring chemical exchange saturation transfer exchange rates in the human brain using a particle swarm optimisation algorithm. NMR in Biomedicine, 36(11), Article e5001. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.5001

The z‐spectrum contains many pools with different exchange rates and T 2 values, which can make it difficult to interpret in vivo data and complicates the design of experiments aimed at providing sensitivity to one pool. This work aims to characteris... Read More about Measuring chemical exchange saturation transfer exchange rates in the human brain using a particle swarm optimisation algorithm.

MRI tagging of colonic chyme mixing in healthy subjects: Inter‐observer variability and reliability of the measurement with time (2023)
Journal Article
Alshammari, M. T., Alyami, A. S., Wilkinson-Smith, V., Spiller, R. C., Gowland, P., Marciani, L., …Hoad, C. L. (2023). MRI tagging of colonic chyme mixing in healthy subjects: Inter‐observer variability and reliability of the measurement with time. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 35(8), Article e14610. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14610

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tagging techniques have been applied to the GI tract to assess bowel contractions and content mixing. We aimed to evaluate the dependence of a tagging measurement (for assessing chyme mixing) on inter-obse... Read More about MRI tagging of colonic chyme mixing in healthy subjects: Inter‐observer variability and reliability of the measurement with time.

A shared neural basis underlying psychiatric comorbidity (2023)
Journal Article
Xie, C., Xiang, S., Shen, C., Peng, X., Kang, J., Li, Y., …ZIB Consortium. (2023). A shared neural basis underlying psychiatric comorbidity. Nature Medicine, 29(5), 1232-1242. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02317-4

Recent studies proposed a general psychopathology factor underlying common comorbidities among psychiatric disorders. However, its neurobiological mechanisms and generalizability remain elusive. In this study, we used a large longitudinal neuroimagin... Read More about A shared neural basis underlying psychiatric comorbidity.

Trajectories of cortical structures associated with stress across adolescence: a bivariate latent change score approach (2023)
Journal Article
Nweze, T., Banaschewski, T., Ajaelu, C., Okoye, C., Ezenwa, M., Whelan, R., …IMAGEN Consortium. (2023). Trajectories of cortical structures associated with stress across adolescence: a bivariate latent change score approach. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64(8), 1159-1175. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13793

Background: Stress exposure in childhood and adolescence has been linked to reductions in cortical structures and cognitive functioning. However, to date, most of these studies have been cross-sectional, limiting the ability to make long-term inferen... Read More about Trajectories of cortical structures associated with stress across adolescence: a bivariate latent change score approach.

Conduct problems are associated with accelerated thinning of emotion-related cortical regions in a community-based sample of adolescents (2023)
Journal Article
Albaugh, M. D., Hudziak, J. J., Spechler, P. A., Chaarani, B., Lepage, C., Jeon, S., …Consortium, I. (2023). Conduct problems are associated with accelerated thinning of emotion-related cortical regions in a community-based sample of adolescents. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 330, Article 111614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111614

Few studies have examined the association between conduct problems and cerebral cortical development. Herein, we characterize the association between age-related brain change and conduct problems in a large longitudinal, community-based sample of ado... Read More about Conduct problems are associated with accelerated thinning of emotion-related cortical regions in a community-based sample of adolescents.

Liver glycogen stores via 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy in healthy children: randomized, controlled study (2023)
Journal Article
Horstman, A. M., Bawden, S. J., Spicer, A., Darwish, N., Goyer, A., Egli, L., …Simpson, E. J. (2023). Liver glycogen stores via 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy in healthy children: randomized, controlled study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 117(4), 709-716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.01.014

Background: Owing to its role in glucose homeostasis, liver glycogen concentration ([LGly]) can be a marker of altered metabolism seen in disorders that impact the health of children. However, there is a paucity of normative data for this measure in... Read More about Liver glycogen stores via 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy in healthy children: randomized, controlled study.

Comparing magnetic resonance liver fat fraction measurements with histology in fibrosis: the difference between proton density fat fraction and tissue mass fat fraction (2022)
Journal Article
Bawden, S. J., Hoad, C., Kaye, P., Stephenson, M., Dolman, G., James, M. W., …Aithal, G. P. (2023). Comparing magnetic resonance liver fat fraction measurements with histology in fibrosis: the difference between proton density fat fraction and tissue mass fat fraction. Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine, 36(4), 553-563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-022-01052-0

Objective: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a powerful method of measuring fat fraction. However, previous studies have shown that MRS results give lower values compared with visual estimates from biopsies in fibrotic livers. This study... Read More about Comparing magnetic resonance liver fat fraction measurements with histology in fibrosis: the difference between proton density fat fraction and tissue mass fat fraction.

Anxiety onset in adolescents: a machine-learning prediction (2022)
Journal Article
Chavanne, A. V., Martinot, M. P., Penttilä, J., Grimmer, Y., Conrod, P., Stringaris, A., …Consortium, I. (2022). Anxiety onset in adolescents: a machine-learning prediction. Molecular Psychiatry, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-022-01840-z

Recent longitudinal studies in youth have reported MRI correlates of prospective anxiety symptoms during adolescence, a vulnerable period for the onset of anxiety disorders. However, their predictive value has not been established. Individual predict... Read More about Anxiety onset in adolescents: a machine-learning prediction.

Anxiety onset in adolescents: a machine-learning prediction (2022)
Journal Article
Chavanne, A. V., Paillère Martinot, M. L., Penttilä, J., Grimmer, Y., Conrod, P., Stringaris, A., …IMAGEN consortium. (2022). Anxiety onset in adolescents: a machine-learning prediction. Molecular Psychiatry, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-022-01840-z

Recent longitudinal studies in youth have reported MRI correlates of prospective anxiety symptoms during adolescence, a vulnerable period for the onset of anxiety disorders. However, their predictive value has not been established. Individual predict... Read More about Anxiety onset in adolescents: a machine-learning prediction.

Cortical profiles of numerous psychiatric disorders and normal development share a common pattern (2022)
Journal Article
Cao, Z., Cupertino, R. B., Ottino-Gonzalez, J., Murphy, A., Pancholi, D., Juliano, A., …ENIGMA Addiction Working Group. (2022). Cortical profiles of numerous psychiatric disorders and normal development share a common pattern. Molecular Psychiatry, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-022-01855-6

The neurobiological bases of the association between development and psychopathology remain poorly understood. Here, we identify a shared spatial pattern of cortical thickness (CT) in normative development and several psychiatric and neurological dis... Read More about Cortical profiles of numerous psychiatric disorders and normal development share a common pattern.

4-dimensional local radial basis function interpolation of large, uniformly spaced datasets (2022)
Journal Article
Thewlis, J., Stevens, D., Power, H., Giddings, D., Gowland, P., & Vloeberghs, M. (2023). 4-dimensional local radial basis function interpolation of large, uniformly spaced datasets. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 228, Article 107235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107235

Background and Objective: Large, uniformly spaced, complex and time varying datasets derived from high resolution medical image velocimetry can provide a wealth of information regarding small-scale transient physiological flow phenomena and pulsation... Read More about 4-dimensional local radial basis function interpolation of large, uniformly spaced datasets.

Dynamics of T2* and deformation in the placenta and myometrium during pre-labour contractions (2022)
Journal Article
Hutter, J., Kohli, V., Dellschaft, N., Uus, A., Story, L., Steinweg, J. K., …Rutherford, M. A. (2022). Dynamics of T2* and deformation in the placenta and myometrium during pre-labour contractions. Scientific Reports, 12(1), Article 18542. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22008-3

Pre-labour uterine contractions, occurring throughout pregnancy, are an important phenomenon involving the placenta in addition to the myometrium. They alter the uterine environment and thus potentially the blood supply to the fetus and may thus prov... Read More about Dynamics of T2* and deformation in the placenta and myometrium during pre-labour contractions.

Psychotic Like Experiences in Healthy Adolescents are Underpinned by Lower Fronto-Temporal Cortical Gyrification: a Study from the IMAGEN Consortium (2022)
Journal Article
Maitra, R., Horne, C. M., O'Daly, O., Papanastasiou, E., Gaser, C., Banaschewski, T., …IMAGEN Consortium. (2023). Psychotic Like Experiences in Healthy Adolescents are Underpinned by Lower Fronto-Temporal Cortical Gyrification: a Study from the IMAGEN Consortium. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 49(2), 309-318. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbac132

Background and Hypothesis Psychotic Like Experiences (PLEs) are widely prevalent in children and adolescents and increase the risk of developing psychosis. Cortical gyrification characterizes brain development from in utero till about the first 2 ye... Read More about Psychotic Like Experiences in Healthy Adolescents are Underpinned by Lower Fronto-Temporal Cortical Gyrification: a Study from the IMAGEN Consortium.

A causal association of ANKRD37 with human hippocampal volume (2022)
Journal Article
Xu, J., Xia, X., Li, Q., Dou, Y., Suo, X., Liu, N., …Consortium, I. (2022). A causal association of ANKRD37 with human hippocampal volume. Molecular Psychiatry, 27, 4432-4445. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-022-01800-7

Human hippocampal volume has been separately associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), DNA methylation and gene expression, but their causal relationships remain largely unknown. Here, we aimed at identifying the causal relationships of... Read More about A causal association of ANKRD37 with human hippocampal volume.

Assessing General Versus Specific Liability for Externalizing Problems in Adolescence: Concurrent and Prospective Prediction of Symptoms of Conduct Disorder, ADHD, and Substance Use (2022)
Journal Article
Perkins, E. R., Joyner, K. J., Foell, J., Drislane, L. E., Brislin, S. J., Frick, P. J., …Consortium, T. I. (2022). Assessing General Versus Specific Liability for Externalizing Problems in Adolescence: Concurrent and Prospective Prediction of Symptoms of Conduct Disorder, ADHD, and Substance Use. Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, 131(7), 793-807. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000743

This study explored the generality versus specificity of two trait-liability factors for externalizing problems — disinhibition and callousness — in the concurrent and prospective prediction of symptoms of conduct disorder, attention-deficit/hyperact... Read More about Assessing General Versus Specific Liability for Externalizing Problems in Adolescence: Concurrent and Prospective Prediction of Symptoms of Conduct Disorder, ADHD, and Substance Use.

Chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: Protocol and methods from the Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium (2022)
Journal Article
de Erausquin, G. A., Snyder, H., Brugha, T. S., Seshadri, S., Carrillo, M., Sagar, R., …Vahidy, F. S. (2022). Chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: Protocol and methods from the Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium. Alzheimer's and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions, 8(1), Article e12348. https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.12348

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused >3.5 million deaths worldwide and affected >160 million people. At least twice as many have been infected but remained asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. COVID-19 includes central nervo... Read More about Chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: Protocol and methods from the Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium.

Global and Regional Structural Differences and Prediction of Autistic Traits during Adolescence (2022)
Journal Article
Nees, F., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A. L. W., Desrivières, S., Grigis, A., Garavan, H., …on behalf of the IMAGEN Consortium. (2022). Global and Regional Structural Differences and Prediction of Autistic Traits during Adolescence. Brain Sciences, 12(9), Article 1187. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12091187

Background: Autistic traits are commonly viewed as dimensional in nature, and as continuously distributed in the general population. In this respect, the identification of predictive values of markers such as subtle autism-related alterations in brai... Read More about Global and Regional Structural Differences and Prediction of Autistic Traits during Adolescence.

Swallow Tail Sign: Revisited (2022)
Journal Article
Brammerloh, M., Kirilina, E., Alkemade, A., Bazin, P., Jantzen, C., Jäger, C., …Weiskopf, N. (2022). Swallow Tail Sign: Revisited. Radiology, 305(3), 674-677. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.212696

The loss of the radiologic swallow tail sign on MRI scans of the substantia nigra is a promising diagnostic marker of Parkinson disease (1), although its anatom-ic underpinning is unclear. An early influential study showed th... Read More about Swallow Tail Sign: Revisited.

Bayesian causal network modeling suggests adolescent cannabis use accelerates prefrontal cortical thinning (2022)
Journal Article
Owens, M. M., Albaugh, M. D., Allgaier, N., Yuan, D., Robert, G., Cupertino, R. B., …Hohmann, S. (2022). Bayesian causal network modeling suggests adolescent cannabis use accelerates prefrontal cortical thinning. Translational Psychiatry, 12(1), Article 188. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-01956-4

While there is substantial evidence that cannabis use is associated with differences in human brain development, most of this evidence is correlational in nature. Bayesian causal network (BCN) modeling attempts to identify probable causal relationshi... Read More about Bayesian causal network modeling suggests adolescent cannabis use accelerates prefrontal cortical thinning.

Autistic traits and alcohol use in adolescents within the general population (2022)
Journal Article
Pijnenburg, L. J., Kaplun, A., de Haan, L., Janecka, M., Smith, L., Reichenberg, A., …IMAGEN Consortium. (2023). Autistic traits and alcohol use in adolescents within the general population. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(9), 1633–1642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-022-01970-3

It has been suggested that autistic traits are associated with less frequent alcohol use in adolescence. Our study seeks to examine the relationship between autistic traits and alcohol use in a large adolescent population. Leveraging data from the IM... Read More about Autistic traits and alcohol use in adolescents within the general population.

Pilot Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Trial: Effects of Jejunal Nutrition on Postprandial Distress in Diabetic Gastropathy (J4G Trial) (2022)
Journal Article
Carneiro, L., White, J., Parker, H., Hoad, C., Tucker, E., Marciani, L., …Fox, M. (2022). Pilot Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Trial: Effects of Jejunal Nutrition on Postprandial Distress in Diabetic Gastropathy (J4G Trial). Nutrients, 14(7), Article 1321. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071321

Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain in diabetic patients are often attributed to diabetic gastropathy (DG). Post-pyloric (“jejunal”) enteral nutrition (JN) may improve nutrition and glycaemia in difficult cases. The acute effects of JN on postprandia... Read More about Pilot Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Trial: Effects of Jejunal Nutrition on Postprandial Distress in Diabetic Gastropathy (J4G Trial).

A Developmental Perspective on Facets of Impulsivity and Brain Activity Correlates From Adolescence to Adulthood (2022)
Journal Article
Kaiser, A., Holz, N. E., Banaschewski, T., Baumeister, S., Bokde, A. L. W., Desrivières, S., …Nees, F. (2022). A Developmental Perspective on Facets of Impulsivity and Brain Activity Correlates From Adolescence to Adulthood. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 7(11), 1103-1115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.02.003

Background: On a theoretical level, impulsivity represents a multidimensional construct associated with acting without foresight, inefficient inhibitory response control, and alterations in reward processing. On an empirical level, relationships and... Read More about A Developmental Perspective on Facets of Impulsivity and Brain Activity Correlates From Adolescence to Adulthood.

Brain structural covariance network differences in adults with alcohol dependence and heavy-drinking adolescents (2021)
Journal Article
Ottino-González, J., Albaugh, M. D., Cao, Z., Cupertino, R. B., Schwab, N., Spechler, P. A., …Garavan, H. (2022). Brain structural covariance network differences in adults with alcohol dependence and heavy-drinking adolescents. Addiction, 117(5), 1312-1325. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15772

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Graph theoretic analysis of structural covariance networks (SCN) provides an assessment of brain organization that has not yet been applied to alcohol dependence (AD). We estimated whether SCN differences are present in adults wi... Read More about Brain structural covariance network differences in adults with alcohol dependence and heavy-drinking adolescents.

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in perianal crohn’s disease at 1.5 and 3.0 T: A feasibility study (2021)
Journal Article
Alyami, A., Hoad, C. L., Tench, C., Bannur, U., Clarke, C., Latief, K., …Moran, G. W. (2021). Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in perianal crohn’s disease at 1.5 and 3.0 T: A feasibility study. Diagnostics, 11(11), Article 2135. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11112135

Perianal Crohn’s Disease (pCD) is a common manifestation of Crohn’s Disease. Absence of reliable disease measures makes disease monitoring unreliable. Qualitative MRI has been increasingly used for diagnosing and monitoring pCD and has shown potentia... Read More about Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in perianal crohn’s disease at 1.5 and 3.0 T: A feasibility study.

Small bowel water content assessed by MRI in health and disease: a collation of single-centre studies (2021)
Journal Article
Dellschaft, N., Hoad, C., Marciani, L., Gowland, P., & Spiller, R. (2022). Small bowel water content assessed by MRI in health and disease: a collation of single-centre studies. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 55(3), 327-338. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16673

Background: New developments in MRI have allowed the non-invasive, accurate measurement of the small bowel water content (SBWC). Aims: To collate studies measuring SBWC following ingestion of a range of foods in both health and disease to provide dat... Read More about Small bowel water content assessed by MRI in health and disease: a collation of single-centre studies.

Global urbanicity is associated with brain and behaviour in young people (2021)
Journal Article
Xu, J., Liu, X., Li, Q., Goldblatt, R., Qin, W., Liu, F., …Schumann, G. (2022). Global urbanicity is associated with brain and behaviour in young people. Nature Human Behaviour, 6(2), 279-293. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01204-7

Urbanicity is a growing environmental challenge for mental health. Here, we investigate correlations of urbanicity with brain structure and function, neuropsychology and mental illness symptoms in young people from China and Europe (total n = 3,867).... Read More about Global urbanicity is associated with brain and behaviour in young people.

Effects of an isoenergetic low Glycaemic Index (GI) diet on liver fat accumulation and gut microbiota composition in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A study protocol of an efficacy mechanism evaluation (2021)
Journal Article
Al-Awadi, A., Grove, J., Taylor, M., Valdes, A., Vijay, A., Bawden, S., …Aithal, G. (2021). Effects of an isoenergetic low Glycaemic Index (GI) diet on liver fat accumulation and gut microbiota composition in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A study protocol of an efficacy mechanism evaluation. BMJ Open, 11(10), Article e045802. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045802

Introduction A Low Glycaemic Index (LGI) diet is a proposed lifestyle intervention in non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) which is designed to reduce circulating blood glucose levels, hepatic glucose influx, insulin resistance and de novo lipo... Read More about Effects of an isoenergetic low Glycaemic Index (GI) diet on liver fat accumulation and gut microbiota composition in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A study protocol of an efficacy mechanism evaluation.

Immune-Related Genetic Overlap Between Regional Gray Matter Reductions and Psychiatric Symptoms in Adolescents, and Gene-Set Validation in a Translational Model (2021)
Journal Article
Penninck, L., Ibrahim, E. C., Artiges, E., Gorgievski, V., Desrivières, S., Farley, S., …Martinot, J. (2021). Immune-Related Genetic Overlap Between Regional Gray Matter Reductions and Psychiatric Symptoms in Adolescents, and Gene-Set Validation in a Translational Model. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 15, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2021.725413

Adolescence is a period of vulnerability for the maturation of gray matter (GM) and also for the onset of psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Chronic neuroinflammation is considered to pl... Read More about Immune-Related Genetic Overlap Between Regional Gray Matter Reductions and Psychiatric Symptoms in Adolescents, and Gene-Set Validation in a Translational Model.

Independent contribution of polygenic risk for schizophrenia and cannabis use in predicting psychotic-like experiences in young adulthood: testing gene × environment moderation and mediation (2021)
Journal Article
Elkrief, L., Lin, B., Marchi, M., Afzali, M. H., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A. L. W., …Consortium, I. (2023). Independent contribution of polygenic risk for schizophrenia and cannabis use in predicting psychotic-like experiences in young adulthood: testing gene × environment moderation and mediation. Psychological Medicine, 53(5), 1759-1769. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291721003378

Background It has not yet been determined if the commonly reported cannabis–psychosis association is limited to individuals with pre-existing genetic risk for psychotic disorders. Methods We examined whether the relationship between polygenic ri... Read More about Independent contribution of polygenic risk for schizophrenia and cannabis use in predicting psychotic-like experiences in young adulthood: testing gene × environment moderation and mediation.

Similarity and stability of face network across populations and throughout adolescence and adulthood (2021)
Journal Article
Liao, Z., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A. L. W., Desrivières, S., Flor, H., Grigis, A., …Paus, T. (2021). Similarity and stability of face network across populations and throughout adolescence and adulthood. NeuroImage, 244, Article 118587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118587

The ability to extract cues from faces is fundamental for social animals, including humans. An individual's profile of functional connectivity across a face network can be shaped by common organizing principles, stable individual traits, and time-var... Read More about Similarity and stability of face network across populations and throughout adolescence and adulthood.

Assessing lymphatic uptake of lipids using magnetic resonance imaging: A feasibility study in healthy human volunteers with potential application for tracking lymph node delivery of drugs and formulation excipients (2021)
Journal Article
Jewell, A., Williams, H., Hoad, C. L., Gellert, P. R., Ashford, M. B., Butler, J., …Gershkovich, P. (2021). Assessing lymphatic uptake of lipids using magnetic resonance imaging: A feasibility study in healthy human volunteers with potential application for tracking lymph node delivery of drugs and formulation excipients. Pharmaceutics, 13(9), Article 1343. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091343

Dietary lipids and some pharmaceutical lipid excipients can facilitate the targeted delivery of drugs to the intestinal lymphatics. Here, the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for imaging lipid uptake into the intestinal lymphatics was... Read More about Assessing lymphatic uptake of lipids using magnetic resonance imaging: A feasibility study in healthy human volunteers with potential application for tracking lymph node delivery of drugs and formulation excipients.

Psyllium reduces insulin-induced colonic gas production in irritable bowel syndrome: MRI and in vitro fermentation studies (2021)
Journal Article
Gunn, D., Abbas, Z., Harris, H., Major, G., Hoad, C., Gowland, P., …Spiller, R. (2022). Psyllium reduces insulin-induced colonic gas production in irritable bowel syndrome: MRI and in vitro fermentation studies. Gut, 71(5), 919-927. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324784

Objective: Health promoting dietary fibre including inulin often triggers gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), limiting their intake. Our aim was to test if co-administering psyllium with inulin would reduce gas... Read More about Psyllium reduces insulin-induced colonic gas production in irritable bowel syndrome: MRI and in vitro fermentation studies.

Postprandial changes in gastrointestinal function and transit in cystic fibrosis assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2021)
Journal Article
Ng, C., Dellschaft, N. S., Hoad, C. L., Marciani, L., Ban, L., Prayle, A. P., …Smyth, A. R. (2021). Postprandial changes in gastrointestinal function and transit in cystic fibrosis assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 20(4), 591-597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2020.06.004

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-system genetic disorder affecting >72,000 people worldwide. Most CF patients experience gastrointestinal symptoms and can develop complications. However, the mechanisms of CF gut disease are not well unders... Read More about Postprandial changes in gastrointestinal function and transit in cystic fibrosis assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Association of Cannabis Use During Adolescence With Neurodevelopment (2021)
Journal Article
Albaugh, M. D., Ottino-Gonzalez, J., Sidwell, A., Lepage, C., Juliano, A., Owens, M. M., …Garavan, H. (2021). Association of Cannabis Use During Adolescence With Neurodevelopment. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(9), 1031-1040. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1258

IMPORTANCE Animal studies have shown that the adolescent brain is sensitive to disruptions in endocannabinoid signaling, resulting in altered neurodevelopment and lasting behavioral effects. However, few studies have investigated ties between cannabi... Read More about Association of Cannabis Use During Adolescence With Neurodevelopment.

Residual effects of cannabis-use on neuropsychological functioning (2021)
Journal Article
Wendel, L. K., Daedelow, L., Kaminski, J., Banaschewski, T., Millenet, S., Bokde, A. L., …Walter, H. (2021). Residual effects of cannabis-use on neuropsychological functioning. Cognitive Development, 59, Article 101072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2021.101072

Non-acute effects of cannabis on neurocognition in adolescents remain unclear with most studies being cross-sectional. Therefore, the aim of this longitudinal, multi-center study was to examine the effects of cannabis use on cognitive abilities in pa... Read More about Residual effects of cannabis-use on neuropsychological functioning.

Test–retest assessment of non-contrast MRI sequences to characterise and quantify the small bowel wall in healthy participants (2021)
Journal Article
Alyami, A. S., Williams, H. G., Argyriou, K., Gunn, D., Wilkinson-Smith, V., White, J. R., …Hoad, C. L. (2021). Test–retest assessment of non-contrast MRI sequences to characterise and quantify the small bowel wall in healthy participants. Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine, 34, 791-804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-021-00931-2

Objective: Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging sequences have been investigated as objective imaging biomarkers of fibrosis and inflammation in Crohn’s disease. Aim: To determine the repeatability and inter- and intra-observer agreement of these... Read More about Test–retest assessment of non-contrast MRI sequences to characterise and quantify the small bowel wall in healthy participants.

Colonic Volume Changes in Paediatric Constipation Compared to Normal Values Measured Using MRI (2021)
Journal Article
Sharif, H., Hoad, C. L., Abrehart, N., Gowland, P. A., Spiller, R. C., Kirkham, S., …Marciani, L. (2021). Colonic Volume Changes in Paediatric Constipation Compared to Normal Values Measured Using MRI. Diagnostics, 11(6), Article 974. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11060974

Background: Functional constipation in children is common. Management of this condition can be challenging and is often based on symptom reports. Increased, objective knowledge of colonic volume changes in constipation compared to health could provid... Read More about Colonic Volume Changes in Paediatric Constipation Compared to Normal Values Measured Using MRI.

Orbitofrontal control of conduct problems? Evidence from healthy adolescents processing negative facial affect (2021)
Journal Article
Böttinger, B. W., Baumeister, S., Millenet, S., Barker, G. J., Bokde, A. L. W., Büchel, C., …IMAGEN Consortium. (2021). Orbitofrontal control of conduct problems? Evidence from healthy adolescents processing negative facial affect. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01770-1

Conduct problems (CP) in patients with disruptive behavior disorders have been linked to impaired prefrontal processing of negative facial affect compared to controls. However, it is unknown whether associations with prefrontal activity during affect... Read More about Orbitofrontal control of conduct problems? Evidence from healthy adolescents processing negative facial affect.

Endocannabinoid Gene x Gene Interaction Association to Alcohol Use Disorder in two Adolescent Cohorts (2021)
Journal Article
Elkrief, L., Spinney, S., Vosberg, D. E., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A., Quinlan, E. B., …Conrod, P. (2021). Endocannabinoid Gene x Gene Interaction Association to Alcohol Use Disorder in two Adolescent Cohorts. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, Article 645746. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.645746

Genetic markers of endocannabinoid system have been linked to a variety of addiction-related behaviours that extend beyond cannabis use. In the current study we investigate the relationship between eCB genetic markers and AUDs in European adolescents... Read More about Endocannabinoid Gene x Gene Interaction Association to Alcohol Use Disorder in two Adolescent Cohorts.

Sex differences in neural correlates of common psychopathological symptoms in early adolescence (2021)
Journal Article
Biondo, F., Thunell, C. N., Xu, B., Chu, C., Jia, T., Ing, A., …IMAGEN Consortium. (2022). Sex differences in neural correlates of common psychopathological symptoms in early adolescence. Psychological Medicine, 52(14), 3086-3096. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720005140

Background Sex-related differences in psychopathology are known phenomena, with externalizing and internalizing symptoms typically more common in boys and girls, respectively. However, the neural correlates of these sex-by-psychopathology interaction... Read More about Sex differences in neural correlates of common psychopathological symptoms in early adolescence.

Calibration-free regional RF shims for MRS (2021)
Journal Article
Berrington, A., Považan, M., Mirfin, C., Bawden, S., Park, Y. W., Marsh, D. C., …Gowland, P. A. (2021). Calibration-free regional RF shims for MRS. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 86(2), 611-624. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.28749

Purpose: Achieving a desired RF transmit field (B1+) in small regions-of-interest (ROIs) is critical for single-voxel MR spectroscopy at ultra-high field. RF shimming, using parallel transmission, requires B1+ mapping and optimisation, which limits i... Read More about Calibration-free regional RF shims for MRS.

Predicting Depression Onset in Young People Based on Clinical, Cognitive, Environmental, and Neurobiological Data (2021)
Journal Article
Toenders, Y. J., Kottaram, A., Dinga, R., Davey, C. G., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A. L., …Schmaal, L. (2022). Predicting Depression Onset in Young People Based on Clinical, Cognitive, Environmental, and Neurobiological Data. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 7(4), 376-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.03.005

Background Adolescent onset of depression is associated with long-lasting negative consequences. Identifying adolescents at risk for developing depression would enable the monitoring of risk-factors and the development of early intervention strategi... Read More about Predicting Depression Onset in Young People Based on Clinical, Cognitive, Environmental, and Neurobiological Data.

Examination of the association between exposure to childhood maltreatment and brain structure in young adults: a machine learning analysis (2021)
Journal Article
Price, M., Albaugh, M., Hahn, S., Juliano, A. C., Fani, N., Brier, Z. M. F., …Garavan, H. (2021). Examination of the association between exposure to childhood maltreatment and brain structure in young adults: a machine learning analysis. Neuropsychopharmacology, 46(11), 1888-1894. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-021-00987-7

Exposure to maltreatment during childhood is associated with structural changes throughout the brain. However, the structural differences that are most strongly associated with maltreatment remain unclear given the limited number of whole-brain studi... Read More about Examination of the association between exposure to childhood maltreatment and brain structure in young adults: a machine learning analysis.

Acute gabapentin administration in healthy adults. A double-blind placebo-controlled study using transcranial magnetic stimulation and 7T 1H-MRS (2021)
Journal Article
Dyke, K., Pépés, S. E., Babourina-Brooks, B., Chen, C., Kim, S., Sigurdsson, H. P., …Jackson, S. R. (2021). Acute gabapentin administration in healthy adults. A double-blind placebo-controlled study using transcranial magnetic stimulation and 7T 1H-MRS. NeuroImage: Reports, 1(1), Article 100003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2021.100003

Neural network involving medial orbitofrontal cortex and dorsal periaqueductal gray regulation in human alcohol abuse (2021)
Journal Article
Jia, T., Xie, C., Banaschewski, T., Barker, G. J., Bokde, A. L. W., Büchel, C., …IMAGEN Consortium. (2021). Neural network involving medial orbitofrontal cortex and dorsal periaqueductal gray regulation in human alcohol abuse. Science Advances, 7(6), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd4074

Prompted by recent evidence of neural circuitry in rodent models, functional magnetic resonance imaging and functional connectivity analyses were conducted for a large adolescent population at two ages, together with alcohol abuse measures, to charac... Read More about Neural network involving medial orbitofrontal cortex and dorsal periaqueductal gray regulation in human alcohol abuse.

The Human Brain Is Best Described as Being on a Female/Male Continuum: Evidence from a Neuroimaging Connectivity Study (2021)
Journal Article
Zhang, Y., Luo, Q., Huang, C., Lo, C. Z., Langley, C., Desrivières, S., …for the IMAGEN consortium. (2021). The Human Brain Is Best Described as Being on a Female/Male Continuum: Evidence from a Neuroimaging Connectivity Study. Cerebral Cortex, 31(6), 3021-3033. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa408

Psychological androgyny has long been associated with greater cognitive flexibility, adaptive behavior, and better mental health, but whether a similar concept can be defined using neural features remains unknown. Using the neuroimaging data from 962... Read More about The Human Brain Is Best Described as Being on a Female/Male Continuum: Evidence from a Neuroimaging Connectivity Study.

MR Measures of Small Bowel Wall T2 Are Associated With Increased Permeability (2020)
Journal Article
Scott, R. A., Williams, H. G., Hoad, C. L., Alyami, A., Ortori, C. A., Grove, J. I., …Gowland, P. A. (2021). MR Measures of Small Bowel Wall T2 Are Associated With Increased Permeability. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 53(5), 1422-1431. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.27463

Background: Increased small bowel permeability leads to bacterial translocation, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Biomarkers are needed to evaluate these changes in vivo, stratify an individual's risk, and evaluate the efficacy of... Read More about MR Measures of Small Bowel Wall T2 Are Associated With Increased Permeability.

Measurement of fasted state gastric antral motility before and after a standard bioavailability and bioequivalence 240 mL drink of water: Validation of MRI method against concomitant perfused manometry in healthy participants (2020)
Journal Article
Heissam, K., Abrehart, N., Hoad, C. L., Wright, J., Menys, A., Murray, K., …Marciani, L. (2020). Measurement of fasted state gastric antral motility before and after a standard bioavailability and bioequivalence 240 mL drink of water: Validation of MRI method against concomitant perfused manometry in healthy participants. PLoS ONE, 15(11), e0241441. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241441

Objective The gastrointestinal environment in which drug products need to disintegrate before the drug can dissolve and be absorbed has not been studied in detail due to limitations, especially invasiveness of existing techniques. Minimal in vivo dat... Read More about Measurement of fasted state gastric antral motility before and after a standard bioavailability and bioequivalence 240 mL drink of water: Validation of MRI method against concomitant perfused manometry in healthy participants.

Reward Versus Nonreward Sensitivity of the Medial Versus Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex Relates to the Severity of Depressive Symptoms (2020)
Journal Article
Xie, C., Jia, T., Rolls, E. T., Robbins, T. W., Sahakian, B. J., Zhang, J., …Zhang, Y. (2021). Reward Versus Nonreward Sensitivity of the Medial Versus Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex Relates to the Severity of Depressive Symptoms. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 6(3), 259-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.08.017

Background The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in depression. The hypothesis investigated was whether the OFC sensitivity to reward and nonreward is related to the severity of depressive symptoms. Methods Activations in the monetary inc... Read More about Reward Versus Nonreward Sensitivity of the Medial Versus Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex Relates to the Severity of Depressive Symptoms.

Age-related differences in myeloarchitecture measured at 7 T (2020)
Journal Article
Carradus, A. J., Mougin, O., Hunt, B. A., Tewarie, P. K., Geades, N., Morris, P. G., …Madan, C. R. (2020). Age-related differences in myeloarchitecture measured at 7 T. Neurobiology of Aging, 96, 246-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.08.009

We have used the magnetisation transfer (MT) MRI measure as a primary measure of myelination in both the grey matter (GM) of the 78 cortical automated anatomical labelling (AAL) regions of the brain, and the underlying white matter in each region, in... Read More about Age-related differences in myeloarchitecture measured at 7 T.

Feasibility Study of a New MRI Mini-Capsule Device to Measure Whole Gut Transit Time in Pediatric Constipation (2020)
Journal Article
Sharif, H., Abrehart, N., Hoad, C., Murray, K., Perkins, A., Smith, M., …Marciani, L. (2020). Feasibility Study of a New MRI Mini-Capsule Device to Measure Whole Gut Transit Time in Pediatric Constipation. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 71(5), 604-611. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000002910

Objective: In England, 27,500 children are referred annually to hospital with constipation. An objective measure of whole gut transit time (WGTT) could aid management. The current standard WGTT assessment, the X-ray radiopaque marker (ROM) test, give... Read More about Feasibility Study of a New MRI Mini-Capsule Device to Measure Whole Gut Transit Time in Pediatric Constipation.

Processing Apples to Puree or Juice Speeds Gastric Emptying and Reduces Postprandial Intestinal Volumes and Satiety in Healthy Adults (2020)
Journal Article
Krishnasamy, S., Lomer, M. C. E., Marciani, L., Hoad, C. L., Pritchard, S. E., Paul, J., …Spiller, R. C. (2020). Processing Apples to Puree or Juice Speeds Gastric Emptying and Reduces Postprandial Intestinal Volumes and Satiety in Healthy Adults. Journal of Nutrition, 150(11), 2890-2899. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa191

Background: Whole apples produce greater satiety than processed apples, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: Our aim was to assess the intragastric processing of apple preparations and the associated small and large bowel conten... Read More about Processing Apples to Puree or Juice Speeds Gastric Emptying and Reduces Postprandial Intestinal Volumes and Satiety in Healthy Adults.

Assessing the impact of posture on diaphragm morphology and function using an open upright MRI system – a pilot study (2020)
Journal Article
Safavi, S., Arthofer, C., Cooper, A., Harkin, J. W., Prayle, A. P., Sovani, M. P., …Hall, I. P. (2020). Assessing the impact of posture on diaphragm morphology and function using an open upright MRI system – a pilot study. European Journal of Radiology, 130, Article 109196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109196

Purpose The diaphragm is the most important muscle of respiration. Disorders of the diaphragm can have a deleterious impact on respiratory function. We aimed to evaluate the use of an open-configuration upright low-field MRI system to assess diaphra... Read More about Assessing the impact of posture on diaphragm morphology and function using an open upright MRI system – a pilot study.

The MRI colonic function test: Reproducibility of the Macrogol stimulus challenge (2020)
Journal Article
Wilkinson-Smith, V., Menys, A., Bradley, C., Corsetti, M., Marciani, L., Atkinson, D., …Hoad, C. (2020). The MRI colonic function test: Reproducibility of the Macrogol stimulus challenge. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 32(11), Article e13942. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13942

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the colonic response to a macrogol challenge drink can be used to assess the mechanisms underlying severe constipation. We measured the intra-subject reproducibility of MRI measures of colonic funct... Read More about The MRI colonic function test: Reproducibility of the Macrogol stimulus challenge.

Development of Disordered Eating Behaviors and Comorbid Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: Neural and Psychopathological Predictors (2020)
Journal Article
Zhang, Z., Robinson, L., Jia, T., Quinlan, E. B., Tay, N., Chu, C., …Desrivières, S. (2021). Development of Disordered Eating Behaviors and Comorbid Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: Neural and Psychopathological Predictors. Biological Psychiatry, 90(12), 853-862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.003

BACKGROUND: Eating disorders are common in adolescence, devastating and strongly comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. Yet, little is known about their etiology to develop effective preventive measures. METHODS: Longitudinal assessments of... Read More about Development of Disordered Eating Behaviors and Comorbid Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: Neural and Psychopathological Predictors.

The haemodynamics of the human placenta in utero (2020)
Journal Article
Dellschaft, N. S., Hutchinson, G., Shah, S., Jones, N. W., Bradley, C., Leach, L., …Gowland, P. A. (2020). The haemodynamics of the human placenta in utero. PLoS Biology, 18(5), Article e3000676. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000676

© 2020 Dellschaft et al. We have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to provide important new insights into the function of the human placenta in utero. We have measured slow net flow and high net oxygenation in the placenta in vivo, which are cons... Read More about The haemodynamics of the human placenta in utero.

Neural correlates of the dual pathway model for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents (2020)
Journal Article
Shen, C., Luo, Q., Jia, T., Zhao, Q., Desrivières, S., Quinlan, E., …Sahakian, B. J. (2020). Neural correlates of the dual pathway model for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(9), 844-854. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19020183

Objective: The dual-pathway model has been proposed to explain the heterogeneity in symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by two independent psychological pathways based on distinct brain circuits. The authors sought to test... Read More about Neural correlates of the dual pathway model for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents.

Neurobehavioural characterisation and stratification of reinforcement-related behaviour (2020)
Journal Article
Jia, T., Ing, A., Burke Quinlan, E., Tay, N., Luo, Q., Francesca, B., …Schumann, G. (2020). Neurobehavioural characterisation and stratification of reinforcement-related behaviour. Nature Human Behaviour, 4, 544–558. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0846-5

Reinforcement-related cognitive processes, such as reward processing, inhibitory control and social-emotional regulation are critical components of externalising and internalising behaviours. It is unclear to what extent the deficit in each of these... Read More about Neurobehavioural characterisation and stratification of reinforcement-related behaviour.

Simultaneous measurement of gastric emptying of a soup test meal using MRI and gamma scintigraphy (2020)
Journal Article
Khalaf, A., Hoad, C. L., Blackshaw, E., Alyami, J., Spiller, R. C., Gowland, P. A., …Marciani, L. (2020). Simultaneous measurement of gastric emptying of a soup test meal using MRI and gamma scintigraphy. Diagnostics, 10(3), Article 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10030170

Measurement of gastric emptying is of clinical value for a range of conditions. Gamma scintigraphy (GS) has an established role, but the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently increased. Previous comparison studies between MRI and GS sh... Read More about Simultaneous measurement of gastric emptying of a soup test meal using MRI and gamma scintigraphy.

Cortical thickness and formal thought disorder in schizophrenia: An ultra high-field network-based morphometry study (2020)
Journal Article
Palaniyappan, L., Al-Radaideh, A., Gowland, P. A., & Liddle, P. F. (2020). Cortical thickness and formal thought disorder in schizophrenia: An ultra high-field network-based morphometry study. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109911

Background Persistent formal thought disorder (FTD) is a core feature of schizophrenia. Recent cognitive and neuroimaging studies indicate a distinct mechanistic pathway underlying the persistent positive FTD (pFTD or disorganized thinking), thoug... Read More about Cortical thickness and formal thought disorder in schizophrenia: An ultra high-field network-based morphometry study.

Human hippocampal CA3 damage disrupts both recent and remote episodic memories (2020)
Journal Article
Miller, T. D., Chong, T. T., Aimola Davies, A. M., Johnson, M. R., Irani, S. R., Husain, M., …Rosenthal, C. R. (2020). Human hippocampal CA3 damage disrupts both recent and remote episodic memories. eLife, 2020(9), Article 41836. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.41836

Neocortical-hippocampal interactions support new episodic (event) memories, but there is conflicting evidence about the dependence of remote episodic memories on the hippocampus. In line with systems consolidation and computational theories of episod... Read More about Human hippocampal CA3 damage disrupts both recent and remote episodic memories.

Reduced Myelin Signal in Normal-appearing White Matter in Neuromyelitis Optica Measured by 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2019)
Journal Article
Chou, I., Tanasescu, R., Mougin, O. E., Gowland, P. A., Tench, C. R., Whitehouse, W. P., …Constantinescu, C. S. (2019). Reduced Myelin Signal in Normal-appearing White Matter in Neuromyelitis Optica Measured by 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Scientific Reports, 9, Article 14378. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50928-0

Whether the integrity of normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) is preserved in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is open to debate. To examine whether the tissue integrity of NAWM in NMOSD is compromised compared to that in healthy contr... Read More about Reduced Myelin Signal in Normal-appearing White Matter in Neuromyelitis Optica Measured by 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Identification of neurobehavioural symptom groups based on shared brain mechanisms (2019)
Journal Article
Ing, A., Sӓmann, P. G., Chu, C., Tay, N., Biondo, F., Jia, T., …IMAGEN Consortium. (2019). Identification of neurobehavioural symptom groups based on shared brain mechanisms. Nature Human Behaviour, 3, 1306–1318. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0738-8

Most psychopathological disorders develop in adolescence. The biological basis for this development is poorly understood. To enhance diagnostic characterization and develop improved targeted interventions, it is critical to identify behavioural sympt... Read More about Identification of neurobehavioural symptom groups based on shared brain mechanisms.

Gastrointestinal peptides and small bowel hypomotility are possible causes for fasting and postprandial symptoms in active Crohn’s disease (2019)
Journal Article
Khalaf, A., Hoad, C. L., Menys, A., Nowak, A., Radford, S., Taylor, S. A., …Moran, G. W. (2020). Gastrointestinal peptides and small bowel hypomotility are possible causes for fasting and postprandial symptoms in active Crohn’s disease. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 111(1), 131–140. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz240

Background Crohn's disease (CD) patients suffer postprandial aversive symptoms, which can lead to anorexia and malnutrition. Changes in the regulation of gut hormones and gut dysmotility are believed to play a role. Objectives This study aimed t... Read More about Gastrointestinal peptides and small bowel hypomotility are possible causes for fasting and postprandial symptoms in active Crohn’s disease.

Glycemic, Gastrointestinal, Hormonal and Appetitive Responses to Pearl Millet or Oats Porridge Breakfasts: a Randomized, Crossover Trial in Healthy Humans (2019)
Journal Article
Alyami, J., Whitehouse, E., Yakubov, G. E., Pritchard, S. E., Hoad, C. L., Blackshaw, E., …Marciani, L. (2019). Glycemic, Gastrointestinal, Hormonal and Appetitive Responses to Pearl Millet or Oats Porridge Breakfasts: a Randomized, Crossover Trial in Healthy Humans. British Journal of Nutrition, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114519001880

Whole grain cereal breakfast consumption has been associated with beneficial effects on glucose and insulin metabolism as well as satiety. Pearl millet is a popular ancient grain variety that can be grown in hot, dry regions. However, little is known... Read More about Glycemic, Gastrointestinal, Hormonal and Appetitive Responses to Pearl Millet or Oats Porridge Breakfasts: a Randomized, Crossover Trial in Healthy Humans.

Increased fasting small-bowel water content in untreated coeliac disease and scleroderma as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (2019)
Journal Article
Lam, C., Sanders, D., Lanyon, P., Garsed, K., Foley, S., Pritchard, S., …Spiller, R. (2019). Increased fasting small-bowel water content in untreated coeliac disease and scleroderma as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. United European Gastroenterology Journal, 7(10), 1353-1360. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050640619860372

Background and aims: The regular overnight migrating motor complex (MMC) ensures that the normal fasting small bowel water content (SBWC) is minimised. We have applied our recently validated non-invasive magnetic resonance technique to assess SBWC... Read More about Increased fasting small-bowel water content in untreated coeliac disease and scleroderma as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.

A pilot study of visceral fat and its association with adipokines, stool calprotectin and symptoms in patients with diverticulosis (2019)
Journal Article
Murray, K., Hoad, C., Garratt, J., Kaviani, M., Marciani, L., Smith, J., …Spiller, R. (2019). A pilot study of visceral fat and its association with adipokines, stool calprotectin and symptoms in patients with diverticulosis. PLoS ONE, 14(5), Article e0216528. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216528

Background Complications of diverticular disease are increasingly common, possibly linked to increasing obesity. Visceral fat could contribute to the development of symptomatic diverticular disease through its pro-inflammatory effects. Objective... Read More about A pilot study of visceral fat and its association with adipokines, stool calprotectin and symptoms in patients with diverticulosis.

Neuroimaging evidence for right orbitofrontal cortex differences in adolescents with emotional and behavioral dysregulation (2019)
Journal Article
Spechler, P. A., Chaarani, B., Orr, C., Mackey, S., Higgins, S. T., Banaschewski, T., …IMAGEN Consortium. (2019). Neuroimaging evidence for right orbitofrontal cortex differences in adolescents with emotional and behavioral dysregulation. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(11), 1092-1103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.01.021

Objective: To characterize the structural and functional neurobiology of a large group of adolescents exhibiting a behaviorally and emotionally dysregulated phenotype. Methods: Age 14 adolescents from the IMAGEN study were investigated. Latent class... Read More about Neuroimaging evidence for right orbitofrontal cortex differences in adolescents with emotional and behavioral dysregulation.

Low smoking-exposure, the adolescent brain, and the modulating role of CHRNA5 polymorphisms (2019)
Journal Article
Chaarani, B., Kan, K., Mackey, S., Spechler, P. A., Potter, A., Orr, C., …Garavan, H. (2019). Low smoking-exposure, the adolescent brain, and the modulating role of CHRNA5 polymorphisms. Biological Psychiatry, 4(7), 672-679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.02.006

© 2019 Background: Studying the neural consequences of tobacco smoking during adolescence, including those associated with early light use, may help expose the mechanisms that underlie the transition from initial use to nicotine dependence in adultho... Read More about Low smoking-exposure, the adolescent brain, and the modulating role of CHRNA5 polymorphisms.

The cortical neuroimmune regulator TANK affects emotional processing and enhances alcohol drinking: a translational study (2019)
Journal Article
Müller, C. P., Chu, C., Qin, L., Liu, C., Xu, B., Gao, H., …Schumann, G. (2019). The cortical neuroimmune regulator TANK affects emotional processing and enhances alcohol drinking: a translational study. Cerebral Cortex, 29(4), 1736–1751. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy341

Alcohol abuse is a major public health problem worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that control regular drinking may help to reduce hazards of alcohol consumption. While immunological mechanisms have been related to alcohol drinking, mo... Read More about The cortical neuroimmune regulator TANK affects emotional processing and enhances alcohol drinking: a translational study.

Mechanisms underlying effects of kiwifruit on intestinal function shown by MRI in healthy volunteers (2019)
Journal Article
Wilkinson-Smith, V., Dellschaft, N., Ansell, J., Hoad, C., Marciani, L., Gowland, P., & Spiller, R. (2019). Mechanisms underlying effects of kiwifruit on intestinal function shown by MRI in healthy volunteers. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 49(6), 759-768. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15127

Background: Chronic constipation affects approximately 17% of the population worldwide and remains an important unmet need since patients are often dissatisfied with treatment. Kiwifruit may offer an alternative to traditional laxatives and have been... Read More about Mechanisms underlying effects of kiwifruit on intestinal function shown by MRI in healthy volunteers.

Coupling between cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume: contributions of different vascular compartments (2019)
Journal Article
Wesolowski, R., Blockley, N., Driver, I., Francis, S., & Gowland, P. (2019). Coupling between cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume: contributions of different vascular compartments. NMR in Biomedicine, 32(3), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.4061

A better understanding of the coupling between changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) is vital for furthering our understanding of the BOLD response. The aim of this study was to measure CBF-CBV coupling in different vas... Read More about Coupling between cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume: contributions of different vascular compartments.

Peer victimization and its impact on adolescent brain development and psychopathology (2018)
Journal Article
Quinlan, E. B., Barker, E. D., Luo, Q., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A. L. W., Bromberg, U., …IMAGEN Consortium. (2018). Peer victimization and its impact on adolescent brain development and psychopathology. Molecular Psychiatry, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0297-9

Chronic peer victimization has long-term impacts on mental health; however, the biological mediators of this adverse relationship are unknown. We sought to determine whether adolescent brain development is involved in mediating the effect of peer vic... Read More about Peer victimization and its impact on adolescent brain development and psychopathology.

Is human auditory cortex organization compatible with the monkey model? Contrary evidence from ultra-high-field functional and structural MRI (2018)
Journal Article
Besle, J., Mougin, O., Sánchez-Panchuelo, R., Lanting, C., Gowland, P., Bowtell, R., …Krumbholz, K. (2018). Is human auditory cortex organization compatible with the monkey model? Contrary evidence from ultra-high-field functional and structural MRI. Cerebral Cortex, 29(1), 410-428. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy267

It is commonly assumed that the human auditory cortex is organized similarly to that of macaque monkeys, where the primary region, or “core,” is elongated parallel to the tonotopic axis (main direction of tonotopic gradients), and subdivided across t... Read More about Is human auditory cortex organization compatible with the monkey model? Contrary evidence from ultra-high-field functional and structural MRI.

Ultra-high-field arterial spin labelling MRI for non-contrast assessment of cortical lesion perfusion in multiple sclerosis (2018)
Journal Article
Dury, R. J., Falah, Y., Gowland, P. A., Evangelou, N., Bright, M. G., & Francis, S. T. (2019). Ultra-high-field arterial spin labelling MRI for non-contrast assessment of cortical lesion perfusion in multiple sclerosis. European Radiology, 29(4), 2027-2033. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-018-5707-5

© 2018, The Author(s). Objectives: To assess the feasibility of using an optimised ultra-high-field high-spatial-resolution low-distortion arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI acquisition to measure focal haemodynamic pathology in cortical lesions (CLs)... Read More about Ultra-high-field arterial spin labelling MRI for non-contrast assessment of cortical lesion perfusion in multiple sclerosis.

Ultra-high-field arterial spin labeling MRI for non-contrast assessment of cortical lesion perfusion in multiple sclerosis (2018)
Journal Article
Drury, R. J., Falah, Y., Gowland, P. A., Evangelou, N., Bright, M. G., & Francis, S. T. (2019). Ultra-high-field arterial spin labeling MRI for non-contrast assessment of cortical lesion perfusion in multiple sclerosis. European Radiology, 29(4), 2027–2033. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-018-5707-5

Objectives Assess the feasibility of using an optimised ultra-high-field high-spatial-resolution low-distortion ASL MRI acquisition to measure focal haemodynamic pathology in cortical lesions (CLs) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Methods Twelve... Read More about Ultra-high-field arterial spin labeling MRI for non-contrast assessment of cortical lesion perfusion in multiple sclerosis.

Cine MRI assessment of motility in the unprepared small bowel in the fasting and fed state: beyond the breath-hold (2018)
Journal Article
Hoad, C., Marciani, L., Spiller, R., Gowland, P., & Moran, G. (2019). Cine MRI assessment of motility in the unprepared small bowel in the fasting and fed state: beyond the breath-hold. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 31(1), e13466. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13466

Background The symptoms of functional bowel disorders are common in postprandial but investigations are generally undertaken in the fasted state using invasive procedures. MRI provides a noninvasive tool to study the gastrointestinal tract in an u... Read More about Cine MRI assessment of motility in the unprepared small bowel in the fasting and fed state: beyond the breath-hold.

Gastric motor and sensory function in health assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: Establishment of reference intervals for the Nottingham test meal in healthy subjects (2018)
Journal Article
Parker, H., Hoad, C. L., Tucker, E., Costigan, C., Marciani, L., Gowland, P., & Fox, M. (2018). Gastric motor and sensory function in health assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: Establishment of reference intervals for the Nottingham test meal in healthy subjects. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 30(12), Article e13463. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13463

Background: Current investigations of gastric emptying rarely identify the cause of symptoms or provide a definitive diagnosis in patients with dyspepsia. This study assessed gastric function by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the modular "Not... Read More about Gastric motor and sensory function in health assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: Establishment of reference intervals for the Nottingham test meal in healthy subjects.

Early variations in white matter microstructure and depression outcome in adolescents with subthreshold-depression (2018)
Journal Article
Vulser, H., Martinot, M. P., Artiges, E., Miranda, R., Pentilla, J., Grimmer, Y., …Lemaitre, H. (2018). Early variations in white matter microstructure and depression outcome in adolescents with subthreshold-depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(12), 1255-1264. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17070825

Objective: White matter microstructure alterations have recently been associated with adolescence depressive episodes, but it is unknown whether they predate depression. We investigated whether subthreshold-depression in adolescence is associated wit... Read More about Early variations in white matter microstructure and depression outcome in adolescents with subthreshold-depression.

Demonstration of differences in colonic volumes, transit, chyme consistency and response to psyllium between healthy and constipated subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (2018)
Journal Article
Major, G., Murray, K., Singh, G., Nowak, A., Hoad, C. L., Marciani, L., …Spiller, R. C. (2018). Demonstration of differences in colonic volumes, transit, chyme consistency and response to psyllium between healthy and constipated subjects using magnetic resonance imaging. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 30(9), Article e13400. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13400

Background: In functional gastrointestinal disorders a lack of objective biomarkers limits evaluation of underlying mechanisms. We aimed to demonstrate the utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for this task using psyllium, an effective constip... Read More about Demonstration of differences in colonic volumes, transit, chyme consistency and response to psyllium between healthy and constipated subjects using magnetic resonance imaging.

A low FODMAP diet is associated with changes in the microbiota and reduction in breath hydrogen but not colonic volume in healthy subjects (2018)
Journal Article
Sloan, T. J., Jalanka, J., Major, G. A. D., Krishnasamy, S., Pritchard, S., Abdelrazig, S., …Spiller, R. C. (2018). A low FODMAP diet is associated with changes in the microbiota and reduction in breath hydrogen but not colonic volume in healthy subjects. PLoS ONE, 13(7), Article e0201410. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201410

Background & aims Ingestion of poorly digested, fermentable carbohydrates (fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols; FODMAPs) have been implicated in exacerbating intestinal symptoms and the reduction of intake with symptom alleviatio... Read More about A low FODMAP diet is associated with changes in the microbiota and reduction in breath hydrogen but not colonic volume in healthy subjects.

Modulation of orbitofrontal-striatal reward activity by dopaminergic functional polymorphisms contributes to a predisposition to alcohol misuse in early adolescence (2018)
Journal Article
Baker, T. E., Castellanos-Ryan, N., Schumann, G., Cattrell, A., Flor, H., Nees, F., …Conrod, P. J. (in press). Modulation of orbitofrontal-striatal reward activity by dopaminergic functional polymorphisms contributes to a predisposition to alcohol misuse in early adolescence. Psychological Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718001459

Background: Abnormalities in reward circuit function are considered a core feature of addiction. Yet, it is still largely unknown whether these abnormalities stem from chronic drug use, a genetic predisposition, or both. Methods: In the present s... Read More about Modulation of orbitofrontal-striatal reward activity by dopaminergic functional polymorphisms contributes to a predisposition to alcohol misuse in early adolescence.

Risk profiles for heavy drinking in adolescence: differential effects of gender (2018)
Journal Article
Seo, S., Beck, A., Matthis, C., Genauck, A., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A. L., …Obermayer, K. (in press). Risk profiles for heavy drinking in adolescence: differential effects of gender. Addiction Biology, https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12636

Abnormalities across different domains of neuropsychological functioning may constitute a risk factor for heavy drinking during adolescence and for developing alcohol use disorders later in life. However, the exact nature of such multi‐domain risk pr... Read More about Risk profiles for heavy drinking in adolescence: differential effects of gender.

Parkinson's disease related signal change in the nigrosomes 1–5 and the substantia nigra using T2* weighted 7T MRI (2018)
Journal Article
Schwarz, S. T., Mougin, O., Xing, Y., Blazejewska, A., Bajaj, N., Auer, D. P., & Gowland, P. (in press). Parkinson's disease related signal change in the nigrosomes 1–5 and the substantia nigra using T2* weighted 7T MRI. NeuroImage: Clinical, 19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2018.05.027

Improved markers for the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) are required. Previous work has proven that iron dependent MRI scans can detect the largest Nigrosome (N1) within the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta and changes in PD. Histopatholo... Read More about Parkinson's disease related signal change in the nigrosomes 1–5 and the substantia nigra using T2* weighted 7T MRI.

Structural covariance and cortical reorganization in schizophrenia: a MRI-based morphometric study (2018)
Journal Article
Palaniyappan, L., Hodgson, O., Balain, V., Iwabuchi, S., Gowland, P., & Liddle, P. (2019). Structural covariance and cortical reorganization in schizophrenia: a MRI-based morphometric study. Psychological Medicine, 49(3), 412-420. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718001010

Background: In patients with schizophrenia, distributed abnormalities are observed in grey matter volume. A recent hypothesis posits that these distributed changes are indicative of a plastic reorganization process occurring in response to a function... Read More about Structural covariance and cortical reorganization in schizophrenia: a MRI-based morphometric study.

Ventromedial Prefrontal Volume in Adolescence Predicts Hyperactive/Inattentive Symptoms in Adulthood (2018)
Journal Article
Albaugh, M., Ivanova, M., Chaarani, B., Orr, C., Allgaier, N., Althoff, R., …Gowland, P. (2019). Ventromedial Prefrontal Volume in Adolescence Predicts Hyperactive/Inattentive Symptoms in Adulthood. Cerebral Cortex, 29(5), 1866-1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy066

Youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomatology often exhibit residual inattention and/or hyperactivity in adulthood; however, this is not true for all individuals. We recently reported that dimensional, multi-informant ratings of... Read More about Ventromedial Prefrontal Volume in Adolescence Predicts Hyperactive/Inattentive Symptoms in Adulthood.

Insights into the different effects of food on intestinal secretion using magnetic resonance imaging (2018)
Journal Article
Wilkinson-Smith, V. C., Major, G., Ashleigh, L., Murray, K., Hoad, C. L., Marciani, L., …Spiller, R. C. (2018). Insights into the different effects of food on intestinal secretion using magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 42(8), 1342-1348. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpen.1157

Background: Plant foods may stimulate intestinal secretion through chemicals designed to deter herbivores, including lactucins in lettuce and rhein in rhubarb. This may increase ileostomy output and induce diarrhoea in people with intact bowels. Obj... Read More about Insights into the different effects of food on intestinal secretion using magnetic resonance imaging.

Effects of sprint interval training on ectopic lipids and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2018)
Journal Article
Sargeant, J. A., Bawden, S., Aithal, G. P., Simpson, E. J., Macdonald, I. A., Turner, M. C., …King, J. A. (2018). Effects of sprint interval training on ectopic lipids and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 118(4), 817-828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3818-y

Purpose: This study examined the feasibility of sprint interval exercise training (SIT) for men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its effects on intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG), insulin sensitivity (hepatic and peripheral), visceral... Read More about Effects of sprint interval training on ectopic lipids and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Cortical differences in diverticular disease and correlation with symptom reports (2018)
Journal Article
Pitiot, A., Smith, J. K., Garratt, J., Francis, S. T., Gowland, P. A., Spiller, R. C., & Marciani, L. (2018). Cortical differences in diverticular disease and correlation with symptom reports. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 30(7), Article e13303. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13303

Background Recent studies have shown that the brain of patients with gastrointestinal disease differ both structurally and functionally from that of controls. Highly somatizing diverticular disease (HSDD) patients were also shown to differ from... Read More about Cortical differences in diverticular disease and correlation with symptom reports.

Neural circuitry underlying sustained attention in healthy adolescents and in ADHD symptomatology (2017)
Journal Article
O'Halloran, L., Cao, Z., Ruddy, K., Jollans, L., Albaugh, M. D., Aleni, A., …Whelan, R. (2018). Neural circuitry underlying sustained attention in healthy adolescents and in ADHD symptomatology. NeuroImage, 169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.030

Moment-to-moment reaction time variability on tasks of attention, often quantified by intra-individual response variability (IRV), provides a good indication of the degree to which an individual is vulnerable to lapses in sustained attention. Increa... Read More about Neural circuitry underlying sustained attention in healthy adolescents and in ADHD symptomatology.

Glycaemic, gastrointestinal and appetite responses to breakfast porridges from ancient cereal grains: a MRI pilot study in healthy humans (2017)
Journal Article
Alyami, J., Ladd, N., Pritchard, S. E., Hoad, C. L., Abdul Sultan, A., Spiller, R. C., …Taylor, M. A. (2017). Glycaemic, gastrointestinal and appetite responses to breakfast porridges from ancient cereal grains: a MRI pilot study in healthy humans. Food Research International, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.071

Cereal grain based porridges are commonly consumed throughout the world. Whilst some data are available for varieties that are popular in the Western world such as oats and rye, other ‘ancient’ grains used in the East and in Africa such as millets ar... Read More about Glycaemic, gastrointestinal and appetite responses to breakfast porridges from ancient cereal grains: a MRI pilot study in healthy humans.

The z-spectrum from human blood at 7T (2017)
Journal Article
Shah, S. M., Mougin, O. E., Carradus, A. J., Geades, N., Dury, R., Morley, W., & Gowland, P. A. (2018). The z-spectrum from human blood at 7T. NeuroImage, 167, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.053

Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) has been used to assess healthy and pathological tissue in both animals and humans. However, the CEST signal from blood has not been fully assessed. This paper presents the CEST and nuclear Overhauser enha... Read More about The z-spectrum from human blood at 7T.

Seven-Tesla magnetization transfer imaging to detect multiple sclerosis white matter lesions (2017)
Journal Article
Chou, I., Lim, S., Tanasescu, R., Al-Radaideh, A., Mougin, O. E., Tench, C. R., …Constantinescu, C. S. (in press). Seven-Tesla magnetization transfer imaging to detect multiple sclerosis white matter lesions. Journal of Neuroimaging, https://doi.org/10.1111/jon.12474

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging at 3 Tesla (T) field strength is the most sensitive modality for detecting white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis. While 7T FLAIR is effective in detecting cortical lesio... Read More about Seven-Tesla magnetization transfer imaging to detect multiple sclerosis white matter lesions.

Overdominant effect of a CHRNA4 polymorphism on cingulo-opercular network activity and cognitive control (2017)
Journal Article
Sadaghiani, S., Ng, B., Altmann, A., Poline, J., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A. L., …Greicius, M. (2017). Overdominant effect of a CHRNA4 polymorphism on cingulo-opercular network activity and cognitive control. Journal of Neuroscience, 37(40), 9657-9666. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0991-17.2017

The nicotinic system plays an important role in cognitive control, and is implicated in several neuropsychiatric conditions. Yet, the contributions of genetic variability in this system to individuals' cognitive control abilities are poorly understoo... Read More about Overdominant effect of a CHRNA4 polymorphism on cingulo-opercular network activity and cognitive control.

MRI assessment of the postprandial gastrointestinal motility and peptide response in healthy humans (2017)
Journal Article
Khalaf, A., Hoad, C., Menys, A., Nowak, A., Taylor, S. A., Paparo, S., …Moran, G. W. (2018). MRI assessment of the postprandial gastrointestinal motility and peptide response in healthy humans. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 30(1), Article e13182. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13182

Background: Feeding triggers inter-related gastrointestinal (GI) motor, peptide and appetite responses. These are rarely studied together due to methodological limitations. Recent MRI advances allow pan-intestinal, non-invasive assessment of motility... Read More about MRI assessment of the postprandial gastrointestinal motility and peptide response in healthy humans.

Decoding fMRI events in sensorimotor motor network using sparse paradigm free mapping and activation likelihood estimates: Decoding fMRI Events in SMN (2017)
Journal Article
Tan, F. M., Caballero-Gaudes, C., Mullinger, K. J., Cho, S., Zhang, Y., Dryden, I. L., …Gowland, P. A. (2017). Decoding fMRI events in sensorimotor motor network using sparse paradigm free mapping and activation likelihood estimates: Decoding fMRI Events in SMN. Human Brain Mapping, 38(11), 5778-5794. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23767

Most functional MRI (fMRI) studies map task-driven brain activity using a block or event-related paradigm. Sparse paradigm free mapping (SPFM) can detect the onset and spatial distribution of BOLD events in the brain without prior timing information,... Read More about Decoding fMRI events in sensorimotor motor network using sparse paradigm free mapping and activation likelihood estimates: Decoding fMRI Events in SMN.

Magnetic resonance imaging quantification of fasted state colonic liquid pockets in healthy humans (2017)
Journal Article
Murray, K., Hoad, C. L., Mudie, D. M., Wright, J., Heissam, K., Abrehart, N., …Marciani, L. (2017). Magnetic resonance imaging quantification of fasted state colonic liquid pockets in healthy humans. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 14(8), 2629-2638. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00095

The rate and extent of drug dissolution and absorption from solid oral dosage forms is highly dependent on the volume of liquid in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). However, little is known about the time course of GIT liquid volumes after drinking a... Read More about Magnetic resonance imaging quantification of fasted state colonic liquid pockets in healthy humans.

Presence of time-dependent diffusion in the brachial plexus (2017)
Journal Article
Mahbub, Z. B., Peters, A. M., & Gowland, P. A. (2018). Presence of time-dependent diffusion in the brachial plexus. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 79(2), 789-795. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.26733

Purpose This work describes the development of a method to measure the variation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with diffusion time (Δ) in the brachial plexus, as a potential method of probing microstructure. Methods Diffusion-weighte... Read More about Presence of time-dependent diffusion in the brachial plexus.

Psychosocial stress and brain function in adolescent psychopathology (2017)
Journal Article
Quinlan, E. B., Cattrell, A., Jia, T., Artiges, E., Banaschewski, T., Barker, G., …Schumann, G. (2017). Psychosocial stress and brain function in adolescent psychopathology. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(8), 785-794. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16040464

Objective: To explore how conduct, hyperactivity/inattention, and emotional symptoms are associated with neural reactivity to social-emotional stimuli, and the extent to which psychosocial stress modulates these relationships. Method: Participants w... Read More about Psychosocial stress and brain function in adolescent psychopathology.

Activation induced changes in GABA: functional MRS at 7 T with MEGA-sLASER (2017)
Journal Article
Chen, C., Sigurdsson, H. P., Pépés, S. E., Auer, D. P., Morris, P. G., Morgan, P. S., …Jackson, S. R. (2017). Activation induced changes in GABA: functional MRS at 7 T with MEGA-sLASER. NeuroImage, 156, 207-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.044

Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) has been used to assess the dynamic metabolic responses of the brain to a physiological stimulus non-invasively. However, only limited information on the dynamic functional response of γ-aminobutyric... Read More about Activation induced changes in GABA: functional MRS at 7 T with MEGA-sLASER.

Assessment of motion of colonic contents in the human colon using MRI tagging (2017)
Journal Article
Pritchard, S. E., Paul, J., Major, G., Marciani, L., Gowland, P. A., Spiller, R. C., & Hoad, C. (2017). Assessment of motion of colonic contents in the human colon using MRI tagging. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 29(9), Article e13091. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13091

Background We have previously reported a non-invasive, semi-automated technique to assess motility of the wall of the ascending colon (AC) using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. This study investigated the feasibility of using a tagged MRI technique to vi... Read More about Assessment of motion of colonic contents in the human colon using MRI tagging.

Focal CA3 hippocampal subfield atrophy following LGI1 VGKC-complex antibody limbic encephalitis (2017)
Journal Article
Miller, T. D., Chong, T. T., Aimola Davies, A. M., Ng, T. W., Johnson, M. R., Irani, S. R., …Rosenthal, C. R. (2017). Focal CA3 hippocampal subfield atrophy following LGI1 VGKC-complex antibody limbic encephalitis. Brain, 140(5), 1212-1219. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awx070

© The Author (2017). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. Magnetic resonance imaging has linked chronic voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex antibody-mediated limbic encephalitis wi... Read More about Focal CA3 hippocampal subfield atrophy following LGI1 VGKC-complex antibody limbic encephalitis.

Functional neuroimaging predictors of self-reported psychotic symptoms in adolescents (2017)
Journal Article
Bourque, J., Spechler, P. A., Potvin, S., Whelan, R., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A. L., …Gowland, P. (2017). Functional neuroimaging predictors of self-reported psychotic symptoms in adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(6), 566-575. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16080897

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the neural correlates of psychotic-like experiences in youth on measures of inhibitory control, reward anticipation and emotion processing. A secondary aim was to test whether these neuro-functional correlat... Read More about Functional neuroimaging predictors of self-reported psychotic symptoms in adolescents.

³¹P magnetization transfer magnetic resonance spectroscopy: assessing the activation induced change in cerebral ATP metabolic rates at 3 T (2017)
Journal Article
Chen, C., Stephenson, M. C., Peters, A., Morris, P. G., Francis, S. T., & Gowland, P. A. (2018). ³¹P magnetization transfer magnetic resonance spectroscopy: assessing the activation induced change in cerebral ATP metabolic rates at 3 T. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 79(1), 22-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.26663

Purpose: In vivo ³¹P MRS magnetization transfer (MT) provides a direct measure of neuronal activity at the metabolic level. This work aims to use functional ³¹P MRS-MT to investigate the change in cerebral ATP metabolic rates in healthy adults upon r... Read More about ³¹P magnetization transfer magnetic resonance spectroscopy: assessing the activation induced change in cerebral ATP metabolic rates at 3 T.

Comparing GABA-­dependent physiological measures of inhibition with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurement of GABA using ultra-­high-­field MRI (2017)
Journal Article
Dyke, K., Pépés, S. E., Chen, C., Kim, S., Sigurdsson, H. P., Draper, A., …Jackson, S. R. (2017). Comparing GABA-­dependent physiological measures of inhibition with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurement of GABA using ultra-­high-­field MRI. NeuroImage, 152, 360-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.011

Imbalances in glutamatergic (excitatory) and GABA (inhibitory) signalling within key brain networks are thought to underlie many brain and mental health disorders, and for this reason there is considerable interest in investigating how individual var... Read More about Comparing GABA-­dependent physiological measures of inhibition with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurement of GABA using ultra-­high-­field MRI.

Impact of a common genetic variation associated with putamen volume on neural mechanisms of ADHD (2017)
Journal Article
Xu, B., Jia, T., Macare, C., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A. L., Bromberg, U., …Desrivières, S. (2017). Impact of a common genetic variation associated with putamen volume on neural mechanisms of ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(5), 436-444.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.02.009

Objective: In a recent genome-wide association study of subcortical brain volumes, we have identified common genetic variation at rs945270 as having the strongest effect on putamen volume, a brain measure linked to familial risk for attentiondeficit/... Read More about Impact of a common genetic variation associated with putamen volume on neural mechanisms of ADHD.

ICNIRP statement on diagnostic devices using non-ionizing radiation: existing regulations and potential health risks (2017)
Journal Article
Green, A., Coggon, D., Sèze, R. D., Gowland, P. A., Marino, C., Peralta, A., …Watanabe, S. (2017). ICNIRP statement on diagnostic devices using non-ionizing radiation: existing regulations and potential health risks. Health Physics, 112(3), https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0000000000000654

Use of non-ionizing radiation (NIR) for diagnostic purposes allows non-invasive assessment of the structure and function of the human body, and is widely employed in medical care. ICNIRP has published previous statements about the protection of patie... Read More about ICNIRP statement on diagnostic devices using non-ionizing radiation: existing regulations and potential health risks.

Abnormal task driven neural oscillations in multiple sclerosis: a visuomotor MEG study (2017)
Journal Article
Barratt, E. L., Tewarie, P. K., Clarke, M. A., Hall, E. L., Gowland, P. A., Morris, P. G., …Brookes, M. J. (2017). Abnormal task driven neural oscillations in multiple sclerosis: a visuomotor MEG study. Human Brain Mapping, 38(5), 2441-2453. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23531

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating disease commonly attributed to degradation of white matter myelin. Symptoms include fatigue, as well as problems associated with vision and movement. Although areas of demyelination in white matter are observ... Read More about Abnormal task driven neural oscillations in multiple sclerosis: a visuomotor MEG study.

Endotoxemia in peritoneal dialysis patients: a pilot study to examine the role of intestinal perfusion and congestion (2017)
Journal Article
Grant, C., Harrison, L., Hoad, C., Marciani, L., Cox, E., Buchanan, C., …McIntyre, C. (2017). Endotoxemia in peritoneal dialysis patients: a pilot study to examine the role of intestinal perfusion and congestion. Peritoneal Dialysis International, 37(1), 111-115. https://doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2016.00079

Endotoxemia is common in advanced chronic kidney disease and is particularly severe in those receiving dialysis. In hemodialysis patients, translocation from the bowel occurs as a consequence of recurrent circulatory stress leading to a reduction in... Read More about Endotoxemia in peritoneal dialysis patients: a pilot study to examine the role of intestinal perfusion and congestion.

Distinct abnormalities of small bowel and regional colonic volumes in subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome revealed by MRI (2016)
Journal Article
Lam, C., Chaddock, G., Marciani, L., Costigan, C., Cox, E., Hoad, C., …Spiller, R. C. (in press). Distinct abnormalities of small bowel and regional colonic volumes in subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome revealed by MRI. American Journal of Gastroenterology, https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2016.538

OBJECTIVES: Non-invasive biomarkers which identify different mechanisms of disease in subgroups of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) could be valuable. Our aim was to seek useful magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters that could distinguish each IB... Read More about Distinct abnormalities of small bowel and regional colonic volumes in subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome revealed by MRI.

Relationships between cortical myeloarchitecture and electrophysiological networks (2016)
Journal Article
Hunt, B. A. E., Tewarie, P. K., Mougin, O. E., Geades, N., Jones, D. K., Singh, K. D., …Brookes, M. J. (2016). Relationships between cortical myeloarchitecture and electrophysiological networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(47), 13510-13515. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608587113

The human brain relies upon the dynamic formation and dissolution of a hierarchy of functional networks to support ongoing cognition. However, how functional connectivities underlying such networks are supported by cortical microstructure remains poo... Read More about Relationships between cortical myeloarchitecture and electrophysiological networks.

Quantitative analysis of the z-spectrum using a numerically simulated look-up table: application to the healthy human brain at 7T (2016)
Journal Article
Geades, N., Hunt, B. A. E., Shah, S. M., Peters, A., Mougin, O. E., & Gowland, P. A. (2017). Quantitative analysis of the z-spectrum using a numerically simulated look-up table: application to the healthy human brain at 7T. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 78(2), 645-655. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.26459

Purpose: To develop a method that fits a multipool model to z-spectra acquired from non–steady state sequences, taking into account the effects of variations in T1 or B1 amplitude and the results estimating the parameters for a four-pool model to des... Read More about Quantitative analysis of the z-spectrum using a numerically simulated look-up table: application to the healthy human brain at 7T.

Colon Hypersensitivity to Distension, Rather Than Excessive Gas Production, Produces Carbohydrate-Related Symptoms in Individuals With Irritable Bowel Syndrome (2016)
Journal Article
Major, G., Pritchard, S. E., Murray, K., Alappadan, J. P., Hoad, C., Marciani, L., …Spiller, R. C. (2017). Colon Hypersensitivity to Distension, Rather Than Excessive Gas Production, Produces Carbohydrate-Related Symptoms in Individuals With Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterology, 152(1), 124-133.e2. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.09.062

Background & Aims: Poorly digested, fermentable carbohydrates may induce symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), via unclear mechanisms. We performed a randomized trial with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis to investigate correlations be... Read More about Colon Hypersensitivity to Distension, Rather Than Excessive Gas Production, Produces Carbohydrate-Related Symptoms in Individuals With Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Histological basis of laminar MRI patterns in high resolution images of fixed human auditory cortex (2016)
Journal Article
Wallace, M. N., Cronin, M. J., Bowtell, R. W., Scott, I., Palmer, A. R., & Gowland, P. A. (2016). Histological basis of laminar MRI patterns in high resolution images of fixed human auditory cortex. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 10, Article 455. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00455

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of the auditory region of the temporal lobe would benefit from the availability of image contrast that allowed direct identification of the primary auditory cortex, as this region cannot be accurat... Read More about Histological basis of laminar MRI patterns in high resolution images of fixed human auditory cortex.

Field strength dependence of grey matter R2* on venous oxygenation (2016)
Journal Article
Croal, P. L., Driver, I. D., Francis, S. T., & Gowland, P. A. (2017). Field strength dependence of grey matter R2* on venous oxygenation. NeuroImage, 146, 327-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.10.004

The relationship between venous blood oxygenation and change in transverse relaxation rate (?R2 *) plays a key role in calibrated BOLD fMRI. This relationship, defined by the parameter ?, has previously been determined using theoretical simulations a... Read More about Field strength dependence of grey matter R2* on venous oxygenation.

Increased liver fat and glycogen stores after consumption of high versus low glycaemic index food: a randomized crossover study (2016)
Journal Article
Bawden, S., Stephenson, M., Falcone, Y., Lingaya, M., Ciampi, E., Hunter, K., …Aithal, G. P. (2017). Increased liver fat and glycogen stores after consumption of high versus low glycaemic index food: a randomized crossover study. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 19(1), 70-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12784

Aim: To investigate the acute and longer-term effects of low (LGI) versus high glycaemic index (HGI) diets on hepatic fat and glycogen accumulation and related blood measures in healthy volunteers. Methods: Eight healthy men (age 20.1 � 0.4 years,... Read More about Increased liver fat and glycogen stores after consumption of high versus low glycaemic index food: a randomized crossover study.

Prior Consumption of a Fat Meal in Healthy Adults Modulates the Brain's Response to Fat (2016)
Journal Article
Eldeghaidy, S., Marciani, L., Hort, J., Hollowood, T. A., Singh, G., Bush, D., …Francis, S. T. (2016). Prior Consumption of a Fat Meal in Healthy Adults Modulates the Brain's Response to Fat. Journal of Nutrition, 146(11), 2187-2198. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.234104

Background: Consumption of fat is regulated by reward and homeostatic pathways, but no studies have examined the role of the intake of a high fat meal (HFM) on subsequent brain activation to oral stimuli. Objective: We evaluated how prior consumptio... Read More about Prior Consumption of a Fat Meal in Healthy Adults Modulates the Brain's Response to Fat.

Comparison of pulsed three-dimensional CEST acquisition schemes at 7 tesla: steady state versus pseudosteady state (2016)
Journal Article
Khlebnikov, V., Geades, N., Klomp, D. W., Hoogduin, H., Gowland, P. A., & Mougin, O. (2017). Comparison of pulsed three-dimensional CEST acquisition schemes at 7 tesla: steady state versus pseudosteady state. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 77(6), 2280-2287. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.26323

Purpose: To compare two pulsed, volumetric chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) acquisition schemes: steady state (SS) and pseudosteady state (PS) for the same brain coverage, spatial/spectral resolution and scan time. Methods: Both schemes... Read More about Comparison of pulsed three-dimensional CEST acquisition schemes at 7 tesla: steady state versus pseudosteady state.

Polygenic risk of psychosis and ventral striatal activation during reward processing in healthy adolescents (2016)
Journal Article
Lancaster, T. M., Linden, D. E., Tansey, K. E., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A. L., Bromberg, U., …Schumann, G. (in press). Polygenic risk of psychosis and ventral striatal activation during reward processing in healthy adolescents. JAMA Psychiatry, 73(8), https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.1135

Importance: Psychotic disorders are characterized by attenuated activity in the brain’s valuation system in key reward processing areas, such as the ventral striatum (VS), as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Objective: To examine... Read More about Polygenic risk of psychosis and ventral striatal activation during reward processing in healthy adolescents.

Predictive utility of the NEO-FFI for later substance experiences among 16-year-old adolescents (2016)
Journal Article
Parchetka, C., Strache, N., Raffaelli, B., Gemmeke, I., Weiß, K., Artiges, E., …Gowland, P. A. (in press). Predictive utility of the NEO-FFI for later substance experiences among 16-year-old adolescents. Journal of Public Health, 24, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-016-0747-2

Purpose The onset of substance use mostly occurs during adolescence. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relevance of personality on the basis of the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) to future experiences with tobacco, alcohol an... Read More about Predictive utility of the NEO-FFI for later substance experiences among 16-year-old adolescents.

Patients with chronic kidney disease have abnormal upper gastro-intestinal tract digestive function: a study of uremic enteropathy: small bowel dysfunction in CKD (2016)
Journal Article
Grant, C. J., Harrison, L. E., Hoad, C. L., Marciani, L., Gowland, P. A., & McIntyre, C. W. (2017). Patients with chronic kidney disease have abnormal upper gastro-intestinal tract digestive function: a study of uremic enteropathy: small bowel dysfunction in CKD. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 32(2), 372-377. doi:10.1111/jgh.13458

Background and Aim: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects gastrointestinal (GI) function and results in numerous adaptive and maladaptive responses. Disruption of the colonic microbiome and its attendant consequences—the loss of gut barrier integrity... Read More about Patients with chronic kidney disease have abnormal upper gastro-intestinal tract digestive function: a study of uremic enteropathy: small bowel dysfunction in CKD.

Prediction of alcohol drinking in adolescents: Personality-traits, behavior, brain responses, and genetic variations in the context of reward sensitivity (2016)
Journal Article
Heinrich, A., Müller, K. U., Banaschewski, T., Barker, G. J., Bokde, A. L., Bromberg, U., …Nees, F. (2016). Prediction of alcohol drinking in adolescents: Personality-traits, behavior, brain responses, and genetic variations in the context of reward sensitivity. Biological Psychology, 118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.05.002

Adolescence is a time that can set the course of alcohol abuse later in life. Sensitivity to reward on multiple levels is a major factor in this development. We examined 736 adolescents from the IMAGEN longitudinal study for alcohol drinking during e... Read More about Prediction of alcohol drinking in adolescents: Personality-traits, behavior, brain responses, and genetic variations in the context of reward sensitivity.

A comparison of phase imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the imaging of multiple sclerosis lesions at ultrahigh field (2016)
Journal Article
Cronin, M. J., Wharton, S., Al-Radaideh, A., Constantinescu, C., Evangelou, N., Bowtell, R. W., & Gowland, P. A. (2016). A comparison of phase imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the imaging of multiple sclerosis lesions at ultrahigh field. Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine, 29(3), 543-557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-016-0560-5

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the use of high-resolution phase and QSM images acquired at ultra-high field in the investigation of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions with peripheral rings, and to discuss their usefulness for drawing... Read More about A comparison of phase imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the imaging of multiple sclerosis lesions at ultrahigh field.

Corticotrophin releasing factor increases ascending colon volume after a fructose test meal in healthy humans: a randomised control trial (2016)
Journal Article
Murray, K., Lam, C., Rehman, S., Marciani, L., Costigan, C., Hoad, C., …Spiller, R. C. (2016). Corticotrophin releasing factor increases ascending colon volume after a fructose test meal in healthy humans: a randomised control trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 103(5), https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.125047

Background: Poorly absorbed, fermentable carbohydrates can provoke irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms by escaping absorption in the small bowel and being rapidly fermented in the colon in some susceptible subjects. IBS patients are often anxious... Read More about Corticotrophin releasing factor increases ascending colon volume after a fructose test meal in healthy humans: a randomised control trial.

Structural brain correlates of adolescent resilience (2016)
Journal Article
Burt, K. B., Whelan, R., Conrod, P. J., Banaschewski, T., Barker, G. J., Bokde, A. L., …Garavan, H. (2016). Structural brain correlates of adolescent resilience. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57(11), 1287-1296. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12552

Background Despite calls for integration of neurobiological methods into research on youth resilience (high competence despite high adversity), we know little about structural brain correlates of resilient functioning. The aim of the current study... Read More about Structural brain correlates of adolescent resilience.

Ventral striatum connectivity during reward anticipation in adolescent smokers (2016)
Journal Article
Jollans, L., Zhipeng, C., Icke, I., Greene, C., Kelly, C., Banaschewski, T., …Whelan, R. (in press). Ventral striatum connectivity during reward anticipation in adolescent smokers. Developmental Neuropsychology, 41(1-2), https://doi.org/10.1080/87565641.2016.1164172

Substance misusers, including adolescent smokers, often have reduced reward system activity during processing of non-drug rewards. Using a psychophysiological interaction approach, we examined functional connectivity with the ventral striatum during... Read More about Ventral striatum connectivity during reward anticipation in adolescent smokers.

Mouse and human genetic analyses associate Kalirin with ventral striatal activation during impulsivity and with alcohol misuse (2016)
Journal Article
Peña-Oliver, Y., Carvalho, F. M., Sanchez-Roige, S., Quinlan, E. B., Jia, T., Walker-Tilley, T., …Stephens, D. N. (2016). Mouse and human genetic analyses associate Kalirin with ventral striatal activation during impulsivity and with alcohol misuse. Frontiers in Genetics, 7, Article 52. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2016.00052

Impulsivity is associated with a spectrum of psychiatric disorders including drug addiction. To investigate genetic associations with impulsivity and initiation of drug taking, we took a two-step approach. First, we identified genes whose expression... Read More about Mouse and human genetic analyses associate Kalirin with ventral striatal activation during impulsivity and with alcohol misuse.

Neural basis of reward anticipation and its genetic determinants (2016)
Journal Article
Jia, T., Macare, C., Desrivières, S., Gonzalez, D. A., Tao, C., Ji, X., …Schumann, G. (2016). Neural basis of reward anticipation and its genetic determinants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(14), 3879-3884. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1503252113

Dysfunctional reward processing is implicated in various mental disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and addictions. Such impairments might involve different components of the reward process, including brain activity d... Read More about Neural basis of reward anticipation and its genetic determinants.

Anticipation of thermal pain in diverticular disease (2016)
Journal Article
Smith, J. K., Marciani, L., Humes, D. J., Francis, S. T., Gowland, P. A., & Spiller, R. C. (2016). Anticipation of thermal pain in diverticular disease. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 28(6), https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12790

Background The relative importance of peripheral nerve injury or differences in central pain processing in painful diverticular disease (DD) is unclear. Functional MRI has demonstrated changes in the anticipation of pain in irritable bowel syndrom... Read More about Anticipation of thermal pain in diverticular disease.

Development and validation of a large, modular test meal with liquid and solid components for assessment of gastric motor and sensory function by non-invasive imaging (2016)
Journal Article
Parker, H. L., Tucker, E., Hoad, C., Pal, A., Costigan, C., Hudders, N., …Fox, M. R. (2016). Development and validation of a large, modular test meal with liquid and solid components for assessment of gastric motor and sensory function by non-invasive imaging. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 28(4), 554-568. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12752

Background: Current investigations of stomach function are based on small test meals that do not reliably induce symptoms and analysis techniques that rarely detect clinically relevant dysfunction. This study introduces the large ‘Nottingham Test Mea... Read More about Development and validation of a large, modular test meal with liquid and solid components for assessment of gastric motor and sensory function by non-invasive imaging.

Personal exposure to static and time-varying magnetic fields during MRI procedures in clinical practice in the UK (2015)
Journal Article
Batistatou, E., Mölter, A., Kromhout, H., van Tongeren, M., Crozier, S., Schaap, K., …de Vocht, F. (in press). Personal exposure to static and time-varying magnetic fields during MRI procedures in clinical practice in the UK. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 73, https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2015-103194

Background: MRI has developed into one of the most important medical diagnostic imaging modalities, but it exposes staff to static magnetic fields (SMF) when present in the vicinity of the MR system, and to radiofrequency and switched gradient electr... Read More about Personal exposure to static and time-varying magnetic fields during MRI procedures in clinical practice in the UK.

Imaging gray matter with concomitant null point imaging from the phase sensitive inversion recovery sequence (2015)
Journal Article
Mougin, O., Abdel-Fahim, R., Dineen, R., Pitiot, A., Evangelou, N., & Gowland, P. (2016). Imaging gray matter with concomitant null point imaging from the phase sensitive inversion recovery sequence. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 76(5), 1512-1516. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.26061

Purpose To present an improved three-dimensional (3D) interleaved phase sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) sequence including a concomitantly acquired new contrast, null point imaging (NPI), to help detect and classify abnormalities in cortical g... Read More about Imaging gray matter with concomitant null point imaging from the phase sensitive inversion recovery sequence.

Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of gastrointestinal motor function and fluid distribution (2015)
Journal Article
Khalaf, A., Hoad, C., Spiller, R. C., Gowland, P. A., Moran, G. W., & Marciani, L. (2015). Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of gastrointestinal motor function and fluid distribution. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, 6(4), https://doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.140

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a well established technique that has revolutionized diagnostic radiology. Until recently, the impact that MRI has had in the assessment of gastrointestinal motor function and bowel fluid distribution in health and... Read More about Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of gastrointestinal motor function and fluid distribution.

New evidence of factor structure and measurement invariance of the SDQ across five European nations (2015)
Journal Article
Ortuño-Sierra, J., Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Aritio-Solana, R., Velasco, A. M., de Luis, E. C., Schumann, G., …Lawrence, C. (2015). New evidence of factor structure and measurement invariance of the SDQ across five European nations. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-015-0729-x

The main purpose of the present study was to test the internal structure and to study the measurement invariance of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), self-reported version, in five European countries. The sample consisted of 3012 ado... Read More about New evidence of factor structure and measurement invariance of the SDQ across five European nations.

Association of Protein Phosphatase PPM1G With Alcohol Use Disorder and Brain Activity During Behavioral Control in a Genome-Wide Methylation Analysis (2015)
Journal Article
Ruggeri, B., Nymberg, C., Vuoksimaa, E., Lourdusamy, A., Wong, C. P., Carvalho, F. M., …Schumann, G. (2015). Association of Protein Phosphatase PPM1G With Alcohol Use Disorder and Brain Activity During Behavioral Control in a Genome-Wide Methylation Analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172(6), 543-552. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14030382

Objective: The genetic component of alcohol use disorder is substantial, but monozygotic twin discordance indicates a role for nonheritable differences that could be mediated by epigenetics. Despite growing evidence associating epigenetics and psychi... Read More about Association of Protein Phosphatase PPM1G With Alcohol Use Disorder and Brain Activity During Behavioral Control in a Genome-Wide Methylation Analysis.

Fat emulsion intragastric stability and droplet size modulate gastrointestinal responses and subsequent food intake in young adults (2015)
Journal Article
Hussein, M., Hoad, C., Wright, J., Singh, G., Stephenson, M., Cox, E., …Marciani, L. (2015). Fat emulsion intragastric stability and droplet size modulate gastrointestinal responses and subsequent food intake in young adults. Journal of Nutrition, 145(6), 1170-1177. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.204339

Background: Intragastric creaming and droplet size of fat emulsions may affect intragastric behavior and gastrointestinal and satiety responses. Objectives: We tested the hypotheses that gastrointestinal physiologic responses and satiety will be i... Read More about Fat emulsion intragastric stability and droplet size modulate gastrointestinal responses and subsequent food intake in young adults.

A study of T1 relaxation time as a measure of liver fibrosis and the influence of confounding histological factors (2015)
Journal Article
Hoad, C. L., Palaniyappan, N., Kaye, P., Chernova, Y., James, M. W., Costigan, C., …Aithal, G. P. (2015). A study of T1 relaxation time as a measure of liver fibrosis and the influence of confounding histological factors. NMR in Biomedicine, 28(6), 706-714. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.3299

Liver biopsy is the standard test for the assessment of fibrosis in liver tissue of patients with chronic liver disease. Recent studies have used a non‐invasive measure of T1 relaxation time to estimate the degree of fibrosis in a single slice of the... Read More about A study of T1 relaxation time as a measure of liver fibrosis and the influence of confounding histological factors.

Investigating the effects of an oral fructose challenge on hepatic ATP reserves in healthy volunteers: a 31P MRS study (2015)
Journal Article
Bawden, S., Stephenson, M., Ciampi, E., Hunter, K., Marciani, L., MacDonald, I. A., …Gowland, P. A. (in press). Investigating the effects of an oral fructose challenge on hepatic ATP reserves in healthy volunteers: a 31P MRS study. Clinical Nutrition, 35(3), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2015.04.001

Background: Impaired homeostasis of hepatic ATP has been associated with NAFLD. An intravenous fructose infusion has been shown to be an effective challenge to monitor the depletion and subsequent recovery of hepatic ATP reserves using 31P MRS. Aims... Read More about Investigating the effects of an oral fructose challenge on hepatic ATP reserves in healthy volunteers: a 31P MRS study.

Cerebrovascular and blood-brain barrier impairments in Huntington's disease: Potential implications for its pathophysiology: Vascular impairments in HD (2015)
Journal Article
Drouin-Ouellet, J., Sawiak, S. J., Cisbani, G., Lagacé, M., Kuan, W., Saint-Pierre, M., …Cicchetti, F. (2015). Cerebrovascular and blood-brain barrier impairments in Huntington's disease: Potential implications for its pathophysiology: Vascular impairments in HD. Annals of Neurology, 78(2), 160-177. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24406

Objective Although the underlying cause of Huntington's disease (HD) is well established, the actual pathophysiological processes involved remain to be fully elucidated. In other proteinopathies such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, there... Read More about Cerebrovascular and blood-brain barrier impairments in Huntington's disease: Potential implications for its pathophysiology: Vascular impairments in HD.

Hemispheric asymmetry in cerebrovascular reactivity of the human primary motor cortex: an in vivo study at 7 T (2015)
Journal Article
Driver, I. D., Andoh, J., Blockley, N. P., Francis, S. T., Gowland, P. A., & Paus, T. (2015). Hemispheric asymmetry in cerebrovascular reactivity of the human primary motor cortex: an in vivo study at 7 T. NMR in Biomedicine, 28(5), 538-545. doi:10.1002/nbm.3282

Current functional MRI (fMRI) approaches assess underlying neuronal activity through monitoring the related local variations in cerebral blood oxygenation, blood volume and blood flow. This vascular response is likely to vary across brain regions and... Read More about Hemispheric asymmetry in cerebrovascular reactivity of the human primary motor cortex: an in vivo study at 7 T.

Measurement of gastric meal and secretion volumes using magnetic resonance imaging (2015)
Journal Article
Hoad, C., Parker, H., Hudders, N., Costigan, C., Cox, E., Perkins, A., …Gowland, P. (2015). Measurement of gastric meal and secretion volumes using magnetic resonance imaging. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 60(3), 1367-1383. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/60/3/1367

MRI can assess multiple gastric functions without ionizing radiation. However, time consuming image acquisition and analysis of gastric volume data, plus confounding of gastric emptying measurements by gastric secretions mixed with the test meal have... Read More about Measurement of gastric meal and secretion volumes using magnetic resonance imaging.

The effect of isocapnic hyperoxia on neurophysiology as measured with MRI and MEG (2015)
Journal Article
Croal, P. L., Hall, E. L., Driver, I. D., Brookes, M. J., Gowland, P. A., & Francis, S. T. (2015). The effect of isocapnic hyperoxia on neurophysiology as measured with MRI and MEG. NeuroImage, 105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.036

The physiological effect of hyperoxia has been poorly characterised, with studies reporting conflicting results on the role of hyperoxia as a vasoconstrictor. It is not clear whether hyperoxia is the primary contributor to vasoconstriction or whether... Read More about The effect of isocapnic hyperoxia on neurophysiology as measured with MRI and MEG.

Effects of bowel cleansing on the intestinal microbiota (2014)
Journal Article
Jalanka, J., Salonen, A., Salojärvi, J., Ritari, J., Immonen, O., Marciani, L., …de Vos, W. M. (2015). Effects of bowel cleansing on the intestinal microbiota. Gut, 64(10), 1562-1568. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307240

Objective: An adequate bowel cleansing is essential for a successful colonoscopy. Although purgative consumption is safe for the patient, there is little consensus on how the intestinal microbiota is affected by the procedure, especially regarding th... Read More about Effects of bowel cleansing on the intestinal microbiota.

Three-dimensional vessel segmentation using a novel combinatory filter framework (2014)
Journal Article
Ding, Y., Ward, W., Wästerlid, T., Gowland, P., Peters, A., Yang, J., …Bai, L. (2014). Three-dimensional vessel segmentation using a novel combinatory filter framework. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 59(22), https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/59/22/7013

Blood vessel segmentation is of great importance in medical diagnostic applications. Filter based methods that make use of Hessian matrices have been found to be very useful for blood vessel segmentation in both 2D and 3D medical images. However, the... Read More about Three-dimensional vessel segmentation using a novel combinatory filter framework.

Additive effects of gastric volumes and macronutrient composition on the sensation of postprandial fullness in humans (2014)
Journal Article
Marciani, L., Cox, E., Pritchard, S., Major, G., Hoad, C., Mellows, M., …Spiller, R. (2015). Additive effects of gastric volumes and macronutrient composition on the sensation of postprandial fullness in humans. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69(3), 380-384. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2014.194

Background/Objectives: Intake of food or fluid distends the stomach and triggers mechanoreceptors and vagal afferents. Wall stretch and tension produces a feeling of fullness. Duodenal infusion studies assessing gastric sensitivity by barostat have s... Read More about Additive effects of gastric volumes and macronutrient composition on the sensation of postprandial fullness in humans.

Quantification of gastrointestinal liquid volumes and distribution following a 240 mL dose of water in the fasted state (2014)
Journal Article
Mudie, D. M., Murray, K., Hoad, C. L., Pritchard, S. E., Garnett, M. C., Amidon, G. L., …Marciani, L. (2014). Quantification of gastrointestinal liquid volumes and distribution following a 240 mL dose of water in the fasted state. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 11(9), 3039-3047. https://doi.org/10.1021/mp500210c

Previous imaging studies offered a snapshot of water distribution in fasted humans and showed that water in the small intestine is distributed in small pockets. This study aimed to quantify the volume and number of water pockets in the upper gut of f... Read More about Quantification of gastrointestinal liquid volumes and distribution following a 240 mL dose of water in the fasted state.

A low calorie morning meal prevents the decline of hepatic glycogen stores: a pilot in vivo 13C magnetic resonance study (2014)
Journal Article
Bawden, S., Stephenson, M., Ciampi, E., Hunter, K., Marciani, L., Spiller, R., …Gowland, P. (2014). A low calorie morning meal prevents the decline of hepatic glycogen stores: a pilot in vivo 13C magnetic resonance study. Food and Function, 5(9), 2237-2242. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4fo00050a

Previous studies have reported a meal-induced rise in hepatic glycogen stores from baseline levels following a fast and it is generally assumed that glycogen levels rise steadily following meals throughout the day. However, measurements are normally... Read More about A low calorie morning meal prevents the decline of hepatic glycogen stores: a pilot in vivo 13C magnetic resonance study.

Neuropsychosocial profiles of current and future adolescent alcohol misusers (2014)
Journal Article
Whelan, R., Watts, R., Orr, C. A., Althoff, R. R., Artiges, E., Banaschewski, T., …Ziesch, V. (2014). Neuropsychosocial profiles of current and future adolescent alcohol misusers. Nature, 512(7513), 185-189. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13402

A comprehensive account of the causes of alcohol misuse must accommodate individual differences in biology, psychology and environment, and must disentangle cause and effect. Animal models can demonstrate the effects of neurotoxic substances; however... Read More about Neuropsychosocial profiles of current and future adolescent alcohol misusers.

Single nucleotide polymorphism in the neuroplastin locus associates with cortical thickness and intellectual ability in adolescents (2014)
Journal Article
Desrivières, S., the IMAGEN Consortium, Lourdusamy, A., Tao, C., Toro, R., Jia, T., …Schumann, G. (2015). Single nucleotide polymorphism in the neuroplastin locus associates with cortical thickness and intellectual ability in adolescents. Molecular Psychiatry, 20(2), 263-274. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2013.197

Despite the recognition that cortical thickness is heritable and correlates with intellectual ability in children and adolescents, the genes contributing to individual differences in these traits remain unknown. We conducted a large-scale association... Read More about Single nucleotide polymorphism in the neuroplastin locus associates with cortical thickness and intellectual ability in adolescents.

Effectiveness of 0.05% oxymetazoline (Vicks Sinex Micromist) nasal spray in the treatment of objective nasal congestion demonstrated to 12h post-administration by magnetic resonance imaging (2014)
Journal Article
Pritchard, S. E., Glover, M., Guthrie, G., Brum, J., Ramsey, D., Kappler, G., …Gowland, P. A. (2014). Effectiveness of 0.05% oxymetazoline (Vicks Sinex Micromist) nasal spray in the treatment of objective nasal congestion demonstrated to 12h post-administration by magnetic resonance imaging. Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 27(1), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2013.08.002

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the qualitative and quantitative utility of MRI imaging to illustrate the magnitude and duration of the effect of a standard 100 ?g dose of oxymetazoline in a commercially available formulation that also cont... Read More about Effectiveness of 0.05% oxymetazoline (Vicks Sinex Micromist) nasal spray in the treatment of objective nasal congestion demonstrated to 12h post-administration by magnetic resonance imaging.

Differential Effects of FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-Saccharides and Polyols) on Small and Large Intestinal Contents in Healthy Subjects Shown by MRI (2014)
Journal Article
Murray, K., Wilkinson-Smith, V., Hoad, C., Costigan, C., Cox, E., Lam, C., …Spiller, R. C. (2014). Differential Effects of FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-Saccharides and Polyols) on Small and Large Intestinal Contents in Healthy Subjects Shown by MRI. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 109(1), 110-119. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.386

OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to investigate whether ingestion of fructose and fructans (such as inulin) can exacerbate irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. The aim was to better understand the origin of these symptoms by magnetic re... Read More about Differential Effects of FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-Saccharides and Polyols) on Small and Large Intestinal Contents in Healthy Subjects Shown by MRI.

The ‘Swallow Tail’ Appearance of the Healthy Nigrosome – A New Accurate Test of Parkinson's Disease: A Case-Control and Retrospective Cross-Sectional MRI Study at 3T (2014)
Journal Article
Schwarz, S., Afzal, M., Morgan, P., Auer, D., Bajaj, N., & Gowland, P. A. (2014). The ‘Swallow Tail’ Appearance of the Healthy Nigrosome – A New Accurate Test of Parkinson's Disease: A Case-Control and Retrospective Cross-Sectional MRI Study at 3T. PLoS ONE, 9(4), Article e93814. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093814

There is no well-established in vivo marker of nigral degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). An ideal imaging marker would directly mirror the loss of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurones, which is most prominent in sub-regions called nigrosomes... Read More about The ‘Swallow Tail’ Appearance of the Healthy Nigrosome – A New Accurate Test of Parkinson's Disease: A Case-Control and Retrospective Cross-Sectional MRI Study at 3T.

Novel MRI tests of orocecal transit time and whole gut transit time: studies in normal subjects (2013)
Journal Article
Chaddock, G., Lam, C., Hoad, C., Costigan, C., Cox, E. F., Placidi, E., …Spiller, R. C. (2014). Novel MRI tests of orocecal transit time and whole gut transit time: studies in normal subjects. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 26(2), 205-214. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12249

Background: Colonic transit tests are used to manage patients with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Some tests used expose patients to ionizing radiation. The aim of this study was to compare novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tests for mea... Read More about Novel MRI tests of orocecal transit time and whole gut transit time: studies in normal subjects.

Delayed gastric emptying and reduced postprandial small bowel water content of equicaloric whole meal bread versus rice meals in healthy subjects: novel MRI insights (2013)
Journal Article
Marciani, L., Pritchard, S. E., Hellier-Woods, C., Costigan, C., Hoad, C., Gowland, P. A., & Spiller, R. C. (2013). Delayed gastric emptying and reduced postprandial small bowel water content of equicaloric whole meal bread versus rice meals in healthy subjects: novel MRI insights. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 67(7), https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2013.78

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Postprandial bloating is a common symptom in patients with functional gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Whole meal bread (WMB) often aggravates such symptoms though the mechanisms are unclear. We used magnetic resonance imaging (... Read More about Delayed gastric emptying and reduced postprandial small bowel water content of equicaloric whole meal bread versus rice meals in healthy subjects: novel MRI insights.

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and fetal organ growth: a magnetic resonance imaging study (2013)
Journal Article
Anblagan, D., Jones, N. W., Costigan, C., Parker, A. J., Allcock, K., Aleong, R., …Gowland, P. A. (2013). Maternal smoking during pregnancy and fetal organ growth: a magnetic resonance imaging study. PLoS ONE, 8(6), Article e67223. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067223

Objective: To study whether maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with alterations in the growth of fetal lungs, kidneys, liver, brain, and placenta. Design: A case-control study, with operators performing the image analysis bli... Read More about Maternal smoking during pregnancy and fetal organ growth: a magnetic resonance imaging study.

Regional structural differences across functionally parcellated Brodmann areas of human primary somatosensory cortex (2013)
Journal Article
Sánchez-Panchuelo, R., Besle, J., Mougin, O., Gowland, P., Bowtell, R., Schluppeck, D., & Francis, S. (2014). Regional structural differences across functionally parcellated Brodmann areas of human primary somatosensory cortex. NeuroImage, 93 Pt 2, 221-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.03.044

Ultra-high-field (UHF) MRI is ideally suited for structural and functional imaging of the brain. High-resolution structural MRI can be used to map the anatomical boundaries between functional domains of the brain by identifying changes related to the... Read More about Regional structural differences across functionally parcellated Brodmann areas of human primary somatosensory cortex.

Effects of various food ingredients on gall bladder emptying (2013)
Journal Article
Marciani, L., Cox, E., Hoad, C., Totman, J. J., Costigan, C., Singh, G., …Spiller, R. C. (2013). Effects of various food ingredients on gall bladder emptying. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 67(11), https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2013.168

Background/objectives: The emptying of the gall bladder in response to feeding is pivotal for the digestion of fat, but the role of various food ingredients in contracting the gall bladder postprandially is not well understood. We hypothesized that d... Read More about Effects of various food ingredients on gall bladder emptying.

Calibrated BOLD using direct measurement of changes in venous oxygenation (2012)
Journal Article
Driver, I. D., Hall, E. L., Wharton, S. J., Pritchard, S. E., Francis, S. T., & Gowland, P. A. (2012). Calibrated BOLD using direct measurement of changes in venous oxygenation. NeuroImage, 63(3), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.045

Calibration of the BOLD signal is potentially of great value in providing a closer measure of the underlying changes in brain function related to neuronal activity than the BOLD signal alone, but current approaches rely on an assumed relationship bet... Read More about Calibrated BOLD using direct measurement of changes in venous oxygenation.

Motion-related artefacts in EEG predict neuronally plausible patterns of activation in fMRI data (2012)
Journal Article
Jansen, M., White, T. P., Mullinger, K. J., Liddle, E. B., Gowland, P. A., Francis, S. T., …Liddle, P. F. (2012). Motion-related artefacts in EEG predict neuronally plausible patterns of activation in fMRI data. NeuroImage, 59(1), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.094

The simultaneous acquisition and subsequent analysis of EEG and fMRI data is challenging owing to increased noise levels in the EEG data. A common method to integrate data from these two modalities is to use aspects of the EEG data, such as the ampli... Read More about Motion-related artefacts in EEG predict neuronally plausible patterns of activation in fMRI data.

The change in cerebrovascular reactivity between 3T and 7T measured using graded hypercapnia (2010)
Journal Article
Driver, I., Blockley, N., Fisher, J., Francis, S., & Gowland, P. A. (2010). The change in cerebrovascular reactivity between 3T and 7T measured using graded hypercapnia. NeuroImage, 51(1), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.113

Mapping cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to hypercapnia is important both clinically and for improved understanding of the haemodynamic properties of the BOLD effect. In this work BOLD/R2* CVR was investigated by using a device which provided small,... Read More about The change in cerebrovascular reactivity between 3T and 7T measured using graded hypercapnia.