All Outputs (21)

Identification and Categorization of Volatile Sulfur Flavor Compounds in Roasted Malts and Barley (2021)
Journal Article
Parr, H., Bolat, I., & Cook, D. (2023). Identification and Categorization of Volatile Sulfur Flavor Compounds in Roasted Malts and Barley. Journal of The American Society of Brewing Chemists, 81(1), 76-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610470.2021.2003669

We report for the first time the application of HS-SPME-GC coupled with sulfur-specific pulsed flame photometric detection to sensitively analyze the volatile sulfur compounds (VSC’s) present in drum roasted malt and barley samples typically used in... Read More about Identification and Categorization of Volatile Sulfur Flavor Compounds in Roasted Malts and Barley.

A TCATA by modality approach to study the multisensory temporal profile of hop bitter and flavour products applied in lager (2021)
Journal Article
Dietz, C., Cook, D., Yang, Q., Wilson, C., & Ford, R. (2022). A TCATA by modality approach to study the multisensory temporal profile of hop bitter and flavour products applied in lager. Food Quality and Preference, 97, Article 104470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104470

Previous research suggested that iso-alpha-acids and hulupones add different bitterness profiles to beer and hop-derived volatiles modify temporal dimensions of bitterness qualities via cross-modal interactions. This research aimed to understand the... Read More about A TCATA by modality approach to study the multisensory temporal profile of hop bitter and flavour products applied in lager.

Brewing with Unmalted Cereal Adjuncts: Sensory and Analytical Impacts on Beer Quality (2021)
Journal Article
Yorke, J., Cook, D., & Ford, R. (2021). Brewing with Unmalted Cereal Adjuncts: Sensory and Analytical Impacts on Beer Quality. Beverages, 7(1), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages7010004

Citation: Yorke, J.; Cook, D.; Ford, R. Brewing with Unmalted Cereal Adjuncts: Sensory and Analytical Impacts on Beer Quality. Beverages 2021, 7, 4. https://doi.

Bioethanol Production from UK Seaweeds: Investigating Variable Pre-treatment and Enzyme Hydrolysis Parameters (2019)
Journal Article
Kostas, E. T., White, D. A., & Cook, D. J. (2020). Bioethanol Production from UK Seaweeds: Investigating Variable Pre-treatment and Enzyme Hydrolysis Parameters. BioEnergy Research, 13(1), 271–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-019-10054-1

This study describes the method development for bioethanol production from three species of seaweed. Laminaria digitata, Ulva lactuca and for the first time Dilsea carnosa were used as representatives of brown, green and red species of seaweed, respe... Read More about Bioethanol Production from UK Seaweeds: Investigating Variable Pre-treatment and Enzyme Hydrolysis Parameters.

Characterisation of high molecular weight hop proanthocyanidins using Analytical Ultracentrifugation (2019)
Journal Article
Gadon, A., Linforth, R., Harding, S. E., & Cook, D. (2019). Characterisation of high molecular weight hop proanthocyanidins using Analytical Ultracentrifugation. Scientific Reports, 9(1), Article 12650. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49171-4

We report the novel application of Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUCF) to characterise the polymeric proanthocyanidin fraction of hops. Extraction of hop samples with 70% acetone (aq) followed by a C-18 Solid Phase Extraction yielded polyphenolic f... Read More about Characterisation of high molecular weight hop proanthocyanidins using Analytical Ultracentrifugation.

Dry-hopping: the effects of temperature and hop variety on the bittering profiles and properties of resultant beers (2017)
Journal Article
Oladokun, O., James, S., Cowley, T., Smart, K., Hort, J., & Cook, D. (2017). Dry-hopping: the effects of temperature and hop variety on the bittering profiles and properties of resultant beers. Monatsschrift fur brauwissenschaft (Internet), 70(6),

This paper reports the effects of dry-hopping at 4 and 19 °C for a low alpha versus high alpha hop variety on the resulting profiles of non-volatile hop acids (humulinones, iso-a-acids, a-acids). In a dry-hopping study conducted over 2 weeks, we foun... Read More about Dry-hopping: the effects of temperature and hop variety on the bittering profiles and properties of resultant beers.

Complete acid-based hydrolysis assay for carbohydrate quantification in seaweed: a species-specific optimized approach (2017)
Journal Article
Kostas, E. T., Wilkinson, S., White, D. A., & Cook, D. J. (in press). Complete acid-based hydrolysis assay for carbohydrate quantification in seaweed: a species-specific optimized approach. Methods in Molecular Biology, https://doi.org/10.1007/7651_2017_105

Accurate quantification of the carbohydrate content of biomass is crucial for many bio-refining processes. The most commonly followed protocol is typically a modification of the NREL-based assay (specifically designed for carbohydrate analysis from l... Read More about Complete acid-based hydrolysis assay for carbohydrate quantification in seaweed: a species-specific optimized approach.

Development of a bio-refinery process for the production of speciality chemical, biofuel and bioactive compounds from Laminaria digitata (2017)
Journal Article
Kostas, E. T., White, D. A., & Cook, D. J. (2017). Development of a bio-refinery process for the production of speciality chemical, biofuel and bioactive compounds from Laminaria digitata. Algal Research, 28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2017.10.022

The development of cascading bio-refinery processes that are capable of producing a range of valuable products is of increasing significance and will help to ensure that mankind makes efficient usage of bioresources. Seaweed feedstocks have the poten... Read More about Development of a bio-refinery process for the production of speciality chemical, biofuel and bioactive compounds from Laminaria digitata.

Perceived bitterness character of beer in relation to hop variety and the impact of hop aroma (2017)
Journal Article
Oladokun, O., James, S., Cowley, T., Dehrmann, F., Smart, K., Hort, J., & Cook, D. (2017). Perceived bitterness character of beer in relation to hop variety and the impact of hop aroma. Food Chemistry, 230, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.031

The impact of hop variety and hop aroma on perceived beer bitterness intensity and character was investigated using analytical and sensory methods. Beers made from malt extract were hopped with 3 distinctive hop varieties (Hersbrucker, East Kent Gold... Read More about Perceived bitterness character of beer in relation to hop variety and the impact of hop aroma.

Electromagnetic heating for industrial kilning of malt: a feasibility study (2016)
Journal Article
Ferrari-John, R., Katrib, J., Zerva, E., Davies, N., Cook, D. J., Dodds, C., & Kingman, S. (in press). Electromagnetic heating for industrial kilning of malt: a feasibility study. Food and Bioprocess Technology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-016-1849-0

Industrial malting operations use ~800kWh/t of energy to produce the heat required to kiln malt. Electromagnetic heating technologies are suggested as a way to potentially improve the energy efficiency of the kilning processing. In this work, the pot... Read More about Electromagnetic heating for industrial kilning of malt: a feasibility study.

Mashing with unmalted sorghum using a novel low temperature enzyme system: impacts of sorghum grain composition and microstructure (2016)
Journal Article
Holmes, C. P., Casey, J., & Cook, D. (2017). Mashing with unmalted sorghum using a novel low temperature enzyme system: impacts of sorghum grain composition and microstructure. Food Chemistry, 221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.083

Brewing lager beers from unmalted sorghum traditionally requires the use of high temperature mashing and exogenous enzymes to ensure adequate starch conversion. Here, a novel low-temperature mashing system is compared to a more traditional mash in te... Read More about Mashing with unmalted sorghum using a novel low temperature enzyme system: impacts of sorghum grain composition and microstructure.

Bioethanol production from brewers spent grains using a fungal consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) approach (2016)
Journal Article
Wilkinson, S., Smart, K. A., James, S., & Cook, D. J. (2017). Bioethanol production from brewers spent grains using a fungal consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) approach. BioEnergy Research, 10(1), 146-157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-016-9782-7

Production of bioethanol from brewers spent grains (BSG) using consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) is reported. Each CBP system consists of a primary filamentous fungal species, which secretes the enzymes required to deconstruct biomass, paired with a s... Read More about Bioethanol production from brewers spent grains using a fungal consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) approach.

The impact of maturation on concentrations of key odour active compounds which determine the aroma of tequila (2016)
Journal Article
González-Robles, I. W., & Cook, D. J. (2016). The impact of maturation on concentrations of key odour active compounds which determine the aroma of tequila. Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 122(3), 369-380. https://doi.org/10.1002/jib.333

Samples of non-mature and añejo (matured) tequila of the same brand/provenance were analysed using GC–MS and gas chromatography olfactometry (GC-O)/aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) to provide quantitative data on the most odour active compounds... Read More about The impact of maturation on concentrations of key odour active compounds which determine the aroma of tequila.

Maximising high solid loading enzymatic saccharification yield from acid-catalysed hydrothermally-pretreated brewers spent grain (2016)
Journal Article
Wilkinson, S., Smart, K. A., James, S., & Cook, D. J. (in press). Maximising high solid loading enzymatic saccharification yield from acid-catalysed hydrothermally-pretreated brewers spent grain. Biofuel Research Journal, 3(2), 417-429. https://doi.org/10.18331/BRJ2016.3.2.7

Enzyme saccharification of pretreated brewers spent grains (BSG) was investigated, aiming at maximising glucose production. Factors investigated were; variation of the solids loadings at different cellulolytic enzyme doses, reaction time, higher ener... Read More about Maximising high solid loading enzymatic saccharification yield from acid-catalysed hydrothermally-pretreated brewers spent grain.

Modification of perceived beer bitterness intensity, character and temporal profile by hop aroma extract (2016)
Journal Article
Oladokun, O., Tarrega, A., James, S., Cowley, T., Dehrmann, F., Smart, K., …Hort, J. (2016). Modification of perceived beer bitterness intensity, character and temporal profile by hop aroma extract. Food Research International, 86, 104-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2016.05.018

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. The effect of hop aroma on perceived bitterness intensity, character and temporal profile of beer was investigated. A hop aroma extract was added at 3 levels (0, 245, 490 mg/L) to beers at low, medium and high bitterness. Beers w... Read More about Modification of perceived beer bitterness intensity, character and temporal profile by hop aroma extract.

The impact of hop bitter acid and polyphenol profiles on the perceived bitterness of beer (2016)
Journal Article
Oladokun, O., Tarrega, A., James, S., Smart, K., Hort, J., & Cook, D. (2016). The impact of hop bitter acid and polyphenol profiles on the perceived bitterness of beer. Food Chemistry, 205, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.023

Thirty-four commercial lager beers were analysed for their hop bitter acid, phenolic acid and polyphenol contents. Based on analytical data, it was evident that the beers had been produced using a range of different raw materials and hopping practice... Read More about The impact of hop bitter acid and polyphenol profiles on the perceived bitterness of beer.

An improved HPLC method for single-run analysis of the spectrum of hop bittering compounds usually encountered in beers: Simultaneous HPLC determination of hop bitter acids (2016)
Journal Article
Oladokun, O., Smart, K., & Cook, D. (2016). An improved HPLC method for single-run analysis of the spectrum of hop bittering compounds usually encountered in beers: Simultaneous HPLC determination of hop bitter acids. Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 122(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1002/jib.299

A single‐run reverse phase‐high performance liquid chromatography method for the quantification of humulinones, α‐acids, iso‐α‐acids and reduced iso‐α‐acids (where present) in commercial beer samples is presented. The method utilizes a binary solvent... Read More about An improved HPLC method for single-run analysis of the spectrum of hop bittering compounds usually encountered in beers: Simultaneous HPLC determination of hop bitter acids.

Origins of the perceived nutty character of new-make malt whisky spirit (2013)
Journal Article
Boothroyd, E., Linforth, R. S., Jack, F., & Cook, D. J. (2014). Origins of the perceived nutty character of new-make malt whisky spirit. Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 120(1), 16-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/jib.103

New-make malt spirits were sourced from 35 individual Scotch Whisky distilleries and their sensory characteristics rated by a trained panel using descriptive analysis. Selected samples (either high or low in perceived nutty character) were analysed u... Read More about Origins of the perceived nutty character of new-make malt whisky spirit.

Flavour generation during commercial barley and malt roasting operations: A time course study (2013)
Journal Article
Yahya, H., Linforth, R., & Cook, D. C. (2014). Flavour generation during commercial barley and malt roasting operations: A time course study. Food Chemistry, 145, 378-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.046

The roasting of barley and malt products generates colour and flavour, controlled principally by the time course of product temperature and moisture content. Samples were taken throughout the industrial manufacture of three classes of roasted product... Read More about Flavour generation during commercial barley and malt roasting operations: A time course study.

Effects of ethanol and long-chain ethyl ester concentrations on volatile partitioning in a whisky model system (2012)
Journal Article
Boothroyd, E. L., Linforth, R. S., & Cook, D. J. (2012). Effects of ethanol and long-chain ethyl ester concentrations on volatile partitioning in a whisky model system. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(40), 9959-9966. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf3022892

Ethanolic atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) was used to analyze the headspace concentrations of a test set of 14 whisky volatile compounds above a series of aqueous ethanolic solutions differing in alcohol content (... Read More about Effects of ethanol and long-chain ethyl ester concentrations on volatile partitioning in a whisky model system.