All Outputs (1303)

Suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-harm: a national prevalence study of young adults (2018)
Journal Article

Background: There are few prevalence studies of suicide attempts (SAs) and non-suicidal self-harm (NSSH). Aims: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of thoughts of NSSH, suicidal thoughts, NSSH and SAs among 18-34 year olds in Scotland for t... Read More about Suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-harm: a national prevalence study of young adults.

Comparing car drivers’ and motorcyclists’ opinions about junction crashes (2018)
Journal Article

Motorcyclists are involved in a disproportionate number of crashes given the distance they travel, with a high proportion of these crashes occurring at junctions. Despite car drivers being solely responsible for many road crashes involving a motorcyc... Read More about Comparing car drivers’ and motorcyclists’ opinions about junction crashes.

Measurement properties of tools used to assess suicidality in autistic and general population adults: a systematic review (2018)
Journal Article

Adults diagnosed with autism are at significantly increased risk of suicidal thoughts, suicidal behaviours and dying by suicide. However, it is unclear whether any validated tools are currently available to effectively assess suicidality in autistic... Read More about Measurement properties of tools used to assess suicidality in autistic and general population adults: a systematic review.

What do young adolescents think about taking part in longitudinal self-harm research?: findings from a school-based study (2018)
Journal Article

Background: Research about self-harm in adolescence is important given the high incidence in youth, and strong links to suicide and other poor outcomes. Clarifying the impact of involvement in school based self-harm studies on young adolescents is an... Read More about What do young adolescents think about taking part in longitudinal self-harm research?: findings from a school-based study.

Electrophysiological dynamics of Chinese phonology during visual word recognition in Chinese-English bilinguals (2018)
Journal Article

Silent word reading leads to the activation of orthographic (spelling), meaning, as well as phonological (sound) information. For bilinguals, native language information can also be activated automatically when they read words in their second languag... Read More about Electrophysiological dynamics of Chinese phonology during visual word recognition in Chinese-English bilinguals.

“I am Rwandan”: unity and reconciliation in post-genocide Rwanda (2018)
Journal Article

Drawing on a corpus of ten oral interviews with survivors and perpetrators of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, we examine how the government’s policy of unity and reconciliation has shaped post-genocide identities and intergroup relatio... Read More about “I am Rwandan”: unity and reconciliation in post-genocide Rwanda.

Predictive coding of the statistical parameters of uncertain rewards by orbitofrontal neurons (2018)
Journal Article

Uncertain reward outcomes are characterised by statistical parameters that capture the numerical values of the underlying probability distributions of reward values, including the expected value, risk (variance) and probability. Here we show coding o... Read More about Predictive coding of the statistical parameters of uncertain rewards by orbitofrontal neurons.

Personal values influencing career path in academic medicine: Perspectives of selected Canadian trainees (2018)
Journal Article

To pursue research, education, and health policy in one’s career, broadly defined as academic medicine, is one of the most important decisions of a trainee doctor’s career. Despite this, there is scant literature on which factors influence trainees’... Read More about Personal values influencing career path in academic medicine: Perspectives of selected Canadian trainees.

Positive Clinical Psychology and Schema Therapy (ST): the development of the Young Positive Schema Questionnaire (YPSQ) to complement the Young Schema Questionnaire 3 Short Form (YSQ-S3) (2018)
Journal Article

Negative schemas have been widely recognized as being linked to psychopathology and mental health, and they are central to the Schema Therapy (ST) model. This study is the first to report on the psychometric properties of the Young Positive Schema Qu... Read More about Positive Clinical Psychology and Schema Therapy (ST): the development of the Young Positive Schema Questionnaire (YPSQ) to complement the Young Schema Questionnaire 3 Short Form (YSQ-S3).

Insights into Parkinson’s disease from computational models of the basal ganglia (2018)
Journal Article

Movement disorders arise from the complex interplay of multiple changes to neural circuits. Successful treatments for these disorders could interact with these complex changes in myriad ways, and as a consequence their mechanisms of action and their... Read More about Insights into Parkinson’s disease from computational models of the basal ganglia.

Alterations in the microstructure of white matter in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome measured using tract-based spatial statistics and probabilistic tractography (2018)
Journal Article

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by repetitive and intermittent motor and vocal tics. TS is thought to reflect fronto-striatal dysfunction and the aetiology of the disorder has been linked to widespread alteration... Read More about Alterations in the microstructure of white matter in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome measured using tract-based spatial statistics and probabilistic tractography.

General and disease-specific pain trajectories as predictors of social and political outcomes in arthritis and cancer (2018)
Journal Article

Background: While the heterogeniety of pain progression has been studied in chronic diseases, it is unclear the extent to which patterns of pain progression among people in general as well as across different diseases impacts on social, civic and po... Read More about General and disease-specific pain trajectories as predictors of social and political outcomes in arthritis and cancer.

Treatment as usual (TAU) as a control condition in trials of cognitive behavioural-based psychotherapy for self-harm: impact of content and quality on outcomes in a systematic review (2018)
Journal Article

Background Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the mainstay of evaluations of the efficacy of psychosocial interventions. In a recent Cochrane systematic review we analysed the efficacy of cognitive behavioural-based psychotherapies compared t... Read More about Treatment as usual (TAU) as a control condition in trials of cognitive behavioural-based psychotherapy for self-harm: impact of content and quality on outcomes in a systematic review.

Limitations of translation activation in masked priming: Behavioural evidence from Chinese-English bilinguals and computational modelling (2018)
Journal Article

Electrophysiological and behavioural evidence suggests that Chinese translations of English words are automatically activated when Chinese-English bilinguals read English words (e.g., Thierry & Wu, 2007; Wu & Thierry, 2010; Zhang, van Heuven, & Conkl... Read More about Limitations of translation activation in masked priming: Behavioural evidence from Chinese-English bilinguals and computational modelling.

Criterion-free measurement of motion transparency perception at different speeds (2018)
Journal Article

Transparency perception often occurs when objects within the visual scene partially occlude each other or move at the same time, at different velocities across the same spatial region. Although transparent motion perception has been extensively studi... Read More about Criterion-free measurement of motion transparency perception at different speeds.

A probabilistic, distributed, recursive mechanism for decision-making in the brain (2018)
Journal Article

Decision formation recruits many brain regions, but the procedure they jointly execute is unknown. Here we characterize its essential composition, using as a framework a novel recursive Bayesian algorithm that makes decisions based on spike-trains wi... Read More about A probabilistic, distributed, recursive mechanism for decision-making in the brain.

Does observability affect prosociality? (2018)
Journal Article

The observation of behaviour is a key theoretical parameter underlying a number of models of prosociality. However, the empirical findings showing the effect of observability on prosociality are mixed. In this meta-analysis, we explore the boundary c... Read More about Does observability affect prosociality?.

Visual crowding is unaffected by adaptation-induced spatial compression (2018)
Journal Article

It has recently been shown that adapting to a densely textured stimulus alters the perception of visual space, such that the distance between two points subsequently presented in the adapted region appears reduced (Hisakata, Nishida, & Johnston, 2016... Read More about Visual crowding is unaffected by adaptation-induced spatial compression.

Living near the edge: How extreme outcomes and their neighbors drive risky choice (2018)
Journal Article

© 2018 American Psychological Association. Extreme stimuli are often more salient in perception and memory than moderate stimuli. In risky choice, when people learn the odds and outcomes from experience, the extreme outcomes (best and worst) also sta... Read More about Living near the edge: How extreme outcomes and their neighbors drive risky choice.

New body scales reveal body dissatisfaction, thin-ideal, and muscularity-ideal in males (2018)
Journal Article

The aim of the current study was to develop, test, and re-test two new male body dissatisfaction scales: The Male Body Scale (MBS; consisting of emaciated to obese figures) and the Male Fit Body Scale (MFBS; consisting of emaciated to muscular figure... Read More about New body scales reveal body dissatisfaction, thin-ideal, and muscularity-ideal in males.