All Outputs (49)

Optimization and Comparison of 1MW-Class PM Motors for Aircraft Propulsion Using Litz Wire and Hairpin Windings (2025)
Journal Article
Huynh, A. T., Huang, H., Jiang, J., Zou, T., Gerada, D., Yang, T., & Gerada, C. (2025). Optimization and Comparison of 1MW-Class PM Motors for Aircraft Propulsion Using Litz Wire and Hairpin Windings. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2025.3547237

Choosing the right winding technology is key to maximizing power density and efficiency in electric aircraft propulsion. This paper presents a two-level optimization strategy to evaluate Litz wire and hairpin winding configurations in two 1 MW-class... Read More about Optimization and Comparison of 1MW-Class PM Motors for Aircraft Propulsion Using Litz Wire and Hairpin Windings.

Active Short Circuit Tolerant Design of Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machines (2024)
Journal Article
Gallicchio, G., Nardo, M. D., Zou, T., Paciura, K., Gerada, C., & Cupertino, F. (2024). Active Short Circuit Tolerant Design of Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machines. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2024.3508457

The functional safety standard fulfillment could necessitate the active short circuit manoeuvre regardless the pre-operating condition of the electrical machine used in traction applications. This poses an additional and computationally-challenging r... Read More about Active Short Circuit Tolerant Design of Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machines.

High Pole Number Outer-Rotor SPM Machine for Sustainable 150kW High-Speed EV Traction (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Walker, A., Zou, T., Mifsud, L. P., Connor, P., Huang, H., Ren, X., Batho, G., Tweedy, O., Gerada, C., & Kaloun, A. (2024, October). High Pole Number Outer-Rotor SPM Machine for Sustainable 150kW High-Speed EV Traction. Presented at 2024 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, VPPC 2024, Washington, DC, USA

The ambitious roadmaps of electric vehicle (EV) powertrains are pushing traction motors to achieve step-change performance improvements in power density, efficiency, and cost by 2035. Limited by technology bricks such as materials, manufacturing and... Read More about High Pole Number Outer-Rotor SPM Machine for Sustainable 150kW High-Speed EV Traction.

In-Slot Oil Cooling Arrangement of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density EV Traction Motors (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Mifsud, L. P., Connor, P. H., Walker, A., Zou, T., Huang, H., Ren, X., Batho, G., Tweedy, O., Gerada, C., & Egger, C. (2024, October). In-Slot Oil Cooling Arrangement of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density EV Traction Motors. Presented at 2024 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, VPPC 2024, Washington, DC, USA

Ambitious electrification roadmaps for the automotive industry have prompted a revolution in winding technology for traction motors in electric vehicles (EV). Hairpin windings with reduced power losses and improved coolability are overtaking the mark... Read More about In-Slot Oil Cooling Arrangement of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density EV Traction Motors.

Suspension Force-Coupling Analysis of Flux-Reversal Bearingless Slice Motor Based on Advanced Magnetic Field Model (2024)
Journal Article
Liu, J., Qu, R., Li, D., Kong, W., Zou, T., & Sun, X. (2024). Suspension Force-Coupling Analysis of Flux-Reversal Bearingless Slice Motor Based on Advanced Magnetic Field Model. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 10(4), 8189-8198. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2024.3370242

Flux-reversal bearingless slice motor with direct suspension current (DC-FRBLM) is a novel slice bearingless motor. The robust rotor structure of the DC-FRBLM brings benefits including high compactness and ease of manufacturing. However, the disparat... Read More about Suspension Force-Coupling Analysis of Flux-Reversal Bearingless Slice Motor Based on Advanced Magnetic Field Model.

Design and Controllability Trade-Off in Dual Three-Phase Winding PMSMs (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Zhu, S., Qayyum, N., Ernest, E., Paciura, K., Zou, T., & Gerada, C. (2023, October). Design and Controllability Trade-Off in Dual Three-Phase Winding PMSMs. Presented at 2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Nashville, TN, USA

Designing and controlling dual three-phase motor poses significant challenges. The conventional mathematical model of such motors only considers fundamental components, thereby failing to capture the complete characteristics of the motors. In this st... Read More about Design and Controllability Trade-Off in Dual Three-Phase Winding PMSMs.

Comparative Study on Stranded and Hairpin Windings for 350kW EV Traction Motor (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Jiang, J., Zou, T., Rocca, S. L., Gerada, D., & Gerada, C. (2023, November). Comparative Study on Stranded and Hairpin Windings for 350kW EV Traction Motor. Presented at 2023 26th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), Zhuhai, China

Hairpin winding is a key technology for traction motors to meet the step-change requirements on power density and efficiency in electrical vehicle (EV) industry. This winding solution features inherently high slot fill factor and improved heat dissip... Read More about Comparative Study on Stranded and Hairpin Windings for 350kW EV Traction Motor.

Multi-objective Optimizations of Copper and Aluminum Hairpin Windings: a Comparison (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cutuli, G., Nuzzo, S., Zou, T., Franceschini, G., Gerada, C., & Barater, D. (2023, October). Multi-objective Optimizations of Copper and Aluminum Hairpin Windings: a Comparison. Presented at 2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Nashville, TN, USA

This work critically analyzes the possibility of adopting aluminum hairpin windings as alternative to copper in electric traction machines for automotive applications. Copper and aluminum hairpin winding solutions are compared based on two proposed s... Read More about Multi-objective Optimizations of Copper and Aluminum Hairpin Windings: a Comparison.

Design of Hairpin Winding and Random Winding Stators for High Speed Heavy-Duty Traction Motor (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Jiang, J., Zou, T., La Rocca, A., La Rocca, S., Liu, C., Xu, Z., Gerada, C., Zhu, S., Paciura, K., & Gerada, D. (2023, October). Design of Hairpin Winding and Random Winding Stators for High Speed Heavy-Duty Traction Motor. Presented at 2023 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), Milan, Italy

Hairpin winding with rectangularly shaped conductors are gradually replacing random winding wound with stranded wires in electric vehicle (EV) industry. As the newgeneration winding technology, hairpin winding features high electromagnetic and therma... Read More about Design of Hairpin Winding and Random Winding Stators for High Speed Heavy-Duty Traction Motor.

A Computationally Efficient Semi-Analytical Method for Circulating Current Loss of High Speed Permanent Magnet Machines (2023)
Journal Article
Li, L., Fan, X., Liu, Z., Li, D., Zou, T., Chen, X., & Qu, R. (2024). A Computationally Efficient Semi-Analytical Method for Circulating Current Loss of High Speed Permanent Magnet Machines. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 39(1), 675-687. https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.2023.3312648

This article proposes a computationally efficient (CE) semi-analytical method for winding power loss calculation of high speed permanent magnet machines induced by circulating current. It combines a CE magnetostatic finite element method (FEM) for ra... Read More about A Computationally Efficient Semi-Analytical Method for Circulating Current Loss of High Speed Permanent Magnet Machines.

Synthesis of Consequent Pole Vernier Permanent Magnet Machine Based on Oscillating Magnetic Potential Difference Model (2023)
Journal Article
Fang, L., Zhang, Y., Li, D., & Zou, T. (2024). Synthesis of Consequent Pole Vernier Permanent Magnet Machine Based on Oscillating Magnetic Potential Difference Model. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 10(2), 3231-3245. https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2023.3301549

In recent years, consequent pole vernier permanent magnet machine (CPVPMM) has been found higher torque capability and less magnet usage compared to the surface-mounted counterpart i.e. SVPMM, thus attracting extensive interests. Meanwhile, the theor... Read More about Synthesis of Consequent Pole Vernier Permanent Magnet Machine Based on Oscillating Magnetic Potential Difference Model.

Preliminary Sensitivity Analysis and Optimisation of a Wound Field Synchronous Motor for Traction Applications (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Petrelli, G., Nuzzo, S., Barater, D., Zou, T., Franceschini, G., & Gerada, C. (2023, July). Preliminary Sensitivity Analysis and Optimisation of a Wound Field Synchronous Motor for Traction Applications. Presented at AEIT AUTOMOTIVE 2023 Conference, Modena, Italy

The automotive field is switching to electric propulsion to guarantee a more efficient and sustainable transportation. Several motor configurations can be adopted for this purpose. Permanent magnet-based motors are usually preferred, but they are the... Read More about Preliminary Sensitivity Analysis and Optimisation of a Wound Field Synchronous Motor for Traction Applications.

Additively Manufactured Winding Design for Thermal Improvement of an Oil-cooled Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine (2023)
Journal Article
Tan, H., Fan, X., Li, D., Zou, T., Kong, W., Wang, R., Chen, X., & Qu, R. (2023). Additively Manufactured Winding Design for Thermal Improvement of an Oil-cooled Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 10(1), https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2023.3282213

This article proposes a new additively manufactured winding with integrated heat sinks to improve thermal performance of an oil-cooled yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) axial flux permanent magnet machines. The heat sinks featuring pin-fin struc... Read More about Additively Manufactured Winding Design for Thermal Improvement of an Oil-cooled Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine.

Torque Capacity Improvement of Flux-Switching PM Machines Based on Directional Stator Permeance Design (2023)
Journal Article
Chen, H., Li, D., Qu, R., & Zou, T. (2023). Torque Capacity Improvement of Flux-Switching PM Machines Based on Directional Stator Permeance Design. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 71(5), 4551-4561. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2023.3281712

As one type of flux modulation machines, flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machines present high sensitivity to airgap structures. Therefore, both stator/rotor teeth and slot/pole combinations have significant influences on machine performance.... Read More about Torque Capacity Improvement of Flux-Switching PM Machines Based on Directional Stator Permeance Design.

Review and Future Developments of Wound Field Synchronous Motors in Automotive (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Petrelli, G., Nuzzo, S., Zou, T., Barater, D., Franceschini, G., & Gerada, C. (2023, March). Review and Future Developments of Wound Field Synchronous Motors in Automotive. Presented at 2023 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles & International Transportation Electrification Conference (ESARS-ITEC), Venice, Italy

Electric motors are increasingly spreading in the automotive sector, following the progressive electrification of transportation aimed to reduce CO2 emissions and increase sustainability. Most of the employed motors are permanent magnets (PM) based a... Read More about Review and Future Developments of Wound Field Synchronous Motors in Automotive.

Design Trade-off Between Torque Density and Power Factor in Surface-Mounted PM Vernier Machines Through Closed-Form Per-Unit Equations (2023)
Journal Article
Zhao, Y., Li, D., Ren, X., Zou, T., & Qu, R. (2023). Design Trade-off Between Torque Density and Power Factor in Surface-Mounted PM Vernier Machines Through Closed-Form Per-Unit Equations. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 59(3), 3265-3277. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2023.3245586

Benefited from flux modulation effects, surface-mounted permanent magnet vernier machines (SPMVMs) present the high-torque low-speed properties, which can become the potential candidates for direct-drive applications. However, their power factor is i... Read More about Design Trade-off Between Torque Density and Power Factor in Surface-Mounted PM Vernier Machines Through Closed-Form Per-Unit Equations.

Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction (2022)
Journal Article
Zou, T., Gerada, D., La Rocca, S., La Rocca, A., Walker, A., Vakil, G., Arevalo, . S. L., Xu, Z., Cui, M., Bardalai, A., Wang, M., Kumar, R. M. R., Marfoli, A., Paciura, . K., Barden, R., Ernest, E., Zhu, . S., Qayyum, N., McQueen, A., Zhang, F., & Gerada, C. (2023). Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 59(2), 1557-1570. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2022.3225255

Synchronous reluctance (Syn-Rel) machines with embedded permanent magnets (PMs) are research hotspots in variable speed motor drives due to their robust rotor structure and wide constant power speed range (CPSR). In this paper, the potential of PM-as... Read More about Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction.

A Novel Airgap Permeance Modeling Approach for Magnetic Field Analysis of Electrical Machines Based on Electrostatic FEA (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cui, M., Zou, T., Li, D., Gerada, D., Qu, R., & Gerada, C. (2022, October). A Novel Airgap Permeance Modeling Approach for Magnetic Field Analysis of Electrical Machines Based on Electrostatic FEA. Presented at IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific (ITEC Asia-Pacific 2022), Haining, China

Detailed airgap permeance information is of great importance for analyzing the operation principle and optimizing the electromagnetic field distribution of an electric machine with unconventional topology. So far, analytical approaches upon calculati... Read More about A Novel Airgap Permeance Modeling Approach for Magnetic Field Analysis of Electrical Machines Based on Electrostatic FEA.

Radial Force Analysis and Optimization of Interior Permanent Magnet Traction Motor for Reduction of Electromagnetic Vibration (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Li, H., Cui, M., Zou, T., Zhang, X., Zhang, H., Xu, Z., Gerada, D., & Gerada, C. (2022, September). Radial Force Analysis and Optimization of Interior Permanent Magnet Traction Motor for Reduction of Electromagnetic Vibration. Presented at International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM 2022), Valencia, Spain

Interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines are subject to rich harmonics of air-gap magnetic field, which correspond to electromagnetic forces and resulting noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) issues. In this paper, the NVH issue is evaluated based o... Read More about Radial Force Analysis and Optimization of Interior Permanent Magnet Traction Motor for Reduction of Electromagnetic Vibration.

Comparison of Aluminium and Copper Conductors in Hairpin Winding Design for High Power Density Traction Motors (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Petrelli, G., Cui, M., Zou, T., Sala, G., La Rocca, A., Barater, D., Franceschini, G., Gerada, D., Degano, M., & Gerada, C. (2022, September). Comparison of Aluminium and Copper Conductors in Hairpin Winding Design for High Power Density Traction Motors. Presented at International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM 2022), Valencia, Spain

Hairpin windings are becoming current/next generation solutions for traction motors of electric vehicles due to inherently reduced DC power losses and improved heat dissipation capability compared with random windings. Copper-based conductor has been... Read More about Comparison of Aluminium and Copper Conductors in Hairpin Winding Design for High Power Density Traction Motors.