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Lipid-induced insulin resistance is associated with an impaired skeletal muscle protein synthetic response to amino acid ingestion in healthy young men (2015)
Journal Article
Stephens, F. B., Chee, C., Wall, B. T., Murton, A. J., Shannon, C. E., van Loon, L. J., & Tsintzas, K. (2015). Lipid-induced insulin resistance is associated with an impaired skeletal muscle protein synthetic response to amino acid ingestion in healthy young men. Diabetes, 64(5), https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-0961

The ability to maintain skeletal muscle mass appears to be impaired in insulin-resistant conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, that are characterized by muscle lipid accumulation. The current study investigated the effect of acutely increasing lipid a... Read More about Lipid-induced insulin resistance is associated with an impaired skeletal muscle protein synthetic response to amino acid ingestion in healthy young men.

Cerebrovascular and blood-brain barrier impairments in Huntington's disease: Potential implications for its pathophysiology: Vascular impairments in HD (2015)
Journal Article
Drouin-Ouellet, J., Sawiak, S. J., Cisbani, G., Lagacé, M., Kuan, W.-L., Saint-Pierre, M., …Cicchetti, F. (2015). Cerebrovascular and blood-brain barrier impairments in Huntington's disease: Potential implications for its pathophysiology: Vascular impairments in HD. Annals of Neurology, 78(2), 160-177. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24406

Objective

Although the underlying cause of Huntington's disease (HD) is well established, the actual pathophysiological processes involved remain to be fully elucidated. In other proteinopathies such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, there... Read More about Cerebrovascular and blood-brain barrier impairments in Huntington's disease: Potential implications for its pathophysiology: Vascular impairments in HD.

Hemispheric asymmetry in cerebrovascular reactivity of the human primary motor cortex: an in vivo study at 7 T (2015)
Journal Article
Driver, I. D., Andoh, J., Blockley, N. P., Francis, S. T., Gowland, P. A., & Paus, T. (2015). Hemispheric asymmetry in cerebrovascular reactivity of the human primary motor cortex: an in vivo study at 7 T. NMR in Biomedicine, 28(5), 538-545. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.3282

Current functional MRI (fMRI) approaches assess underlying neuronal activity through monitoring the related local variations in cerebral blood oxygenation, blood volume and blood flow. This vascular response is likely to vary across brain regions and... Read More about Hemispheric asymmetry in cerebrovascular reactivity of the human primary motor cortex: an in vivo study at 7 T.

7 Tesla fMRI reveals systematic functional organization for binocular disparity in dorsal visual cortex (2015)
Journal Article
Sánchez-Panchuelo, R. M., Goncalves, N. R., Schluppeck, D., Ban, H., Sanchez-Panchuelo, R., Welchman, A. E., & Francis, S. T. (2015). 7 Tesla fMRI reveals systematic functional organization for binocular disparity in dorsal visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 35(7), 3056-3072. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3047-14.2015

© 2015 the authors. The binocular disparity between the views of the world registered by the left and right eyes provides a powerful signal about the depth structure of the environment. Despite increasing knowledge of the cortical areas that process... Read More about 7 Tesla fMRI reveals systematic functional organization for binocular disparity in dorsal visual cortex.

The effect of isocapnic hyperoxia on neurophysiology as measured with MRI and MEG (2015)
Journal Article
Croal, P. L., Hall, E. L., Driver, I. D., Brookes, M. J., Gowland, P. A., & Francis, S. T. (2015). The effect of isocapnic hyperoxia on neurophysiology as measured with MRI and MEG. NeuroImage, 105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.036

The physiological effect of hyperoxia has been poorly characterised, with studies reporting conflicting results on the role of hyperoxia as a vasoconstrictor. It is not clear whether hyperoxia is the primary contributor to vasoconstriction or whether... Read More about The effect of isocapnic hyperoxia on neurophysiology as measured with MRI and MEG.

Fish oil omega-3 fatty acids partially prevent lipid-induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle without limiting acylcarnitine accumulation (2014)
Journal Article
Stephens, F. B., Mendis, B., Shannon, C. E., Cooper, S., Ortori, C. A., Barrett, D. A., …Tsintzas, K. (2014). Fish oil omega-3 fatty acids partially prevent lipid-induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle without limiting acylcarnitine accumulation. Clinical Science, 127(5), 315-322. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs20140031

Acylcarnitine accumulation in skeletal muscle and plasma has been observed in numerous models of mitochondrial lipid overload and insulin resistance. Fish oil n3PUFA (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) are thought to protect against lipid-induced i... Read More about Fish oil omega-3 fatty acids partially prevent lipid-induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle without limiting acylcarnitine accumulation.

Functional quantitative susceptibility mapping (fQSM) (2014)
Journal Article
Balla, D. Z., Sánchez-Panchuelo, R.-M., Wharton, S. J., Hagberg, G. E., Scheffler, K., Francis, S. T., & Bowtell, R. (2014). Functional quantitative susceptibility mapping (fQSM). NeuroImage, 100, 112-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.011

Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a powerful technique, typically based on the statistical analysis of the magnitude component of the complex time-series. Here, we additionally interrogated the p... Read More about Functional quantitative susceptibility mapping (fQSM).

A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Crossover Study on the Effects of 1-L Infusions of 6% Hydroxyethyl Starch Suspended in 0.9% Saline (Voluven) and a Balanced Solution (Plasma Volume Redibag) on Blood Volume, Renal Blood Flow Velocity, and Renal Cortical Tissue Perfusion in Healthy Volunteers (2014)
Journal Article
Chowdhury, A., Fox, E., Francis, S., & Lobo, D. (2014). A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Crossover Study on the Effects of 1-L Infusions of 6% Hydroxyethyl Starch Suspended in 0.9% Saline (Voluven) and a Balanced Solution (Plasma Volume Redibag) on Blood Volume, Renal Blood Flow Velocity, and Renal Cortical Tissue Perfusion in Healthy Volunteers. Annals of Surgery, 259(5), 881–887. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000000324

Objective: We compared the effects of intravenous administration of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (maize-derived) in 0.9% saline (Voluven; Fresenius Kabi, Runcorn, United Kingdom) and a “balanced” preparation of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (potato-derived) [Plas... Read More about A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Crossover Study on the Effects of 1-L Infusions of 6% Hydroxyethyl Starch Suspended in 0.9% Saline (Voluven) and a Balanced Solution (Plasma Volume Redibag) on Blood Volume, Renal Blood Flow Velocity, and Renal Cortical Tissue Perfusion in Healthy Volunteers.

Evidence that the negative BOLD response is neuronal in origin: a simultaneous EEG–BOLD–CBF study in humans (2014)
Journal Article
Mullinger, K. J., Mayhew, S. D., Bagshaw, A. P., Bowtell, R. W., & Francis, S. T. (2014). Evidence that the negative BOLD response is neuronal in origin: a simultaneous EEG–BOLD–CBF study in humans. NeuroImage, 94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.02.029

Unambiguous interpretation of changes in the BOLD signal is challenging because of the complex neurovascular coupling that translates changes in neuronal activity into the subsequent haemodynamic response. In particular, the neurophysiological origin... Read More about Evidence that the negative BOLD response is neuronal in origin: a simultaneous EEG–BOLD–CBF study in humans.

Event-related fMRI at 7T reveals overlapping cortical representations for adjacent fingertips in S1 of individual subjects (2013)
Journal Article
Besle, J., Sánchez-Panchuelo, R.-M., Bowtell, R., Francis, S., & Schluppeck, D. (2014). Event-related fMRI at 7T reveals overlapping cortical representations for adjacent fingertips in S1 of individual subjects. Human Brain Mapping, 35(5), 2027-2043. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22310

Recent fMRI studies of the human primary somatosensory cortex have been able to differentiate the cortical representations of different fingertips at a single-subject level. These studies did not, however, investigate the expected overlap in cortical... Read More about Event-related fMRI at 7T reveals overlapping cortical representations for adjacent fingertips in S1 of individual subjects.

Skeletal muscle carnitine loading increases energy expenditure, modulates fuel metabolism gene networks and prevents body fat accumulation in humans (2013)
Journal Article
Stephens, F. B., Wall, B. T., Marimuthu, K., Shannon, C. E., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., MacDonald, I. A., & Greenhaff, P. L. (2013). Skeletal muscle carnitine loading increases energy expenditure, modulates fuel metabolism gene networks and prevents body fat accumulation in humans. Journal of Physiology, 591(18), https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2013.255364

Twelve weeks of daily L-carnitine and carbohydrate feeding in humans increases skeletal muscle total carnitine content, and prevents body mass accrual associated with carbohydrate feeding alone. Here we determined the influence of L-carnitine and car... Read More about Skeletal muscle carnitine loading increases energy expenditure, modulates fuel metabolism gene networks and prevents body fat accumulation in humans.

Poststimulus undershoots in cerebral blood flow and BOLD fMRI responses are modulated by poststimulus neuronal activity (2013)
Journal Article
Mullinger, K. J., Mayhew, S. D., Bagshaw, A. P., Bowtell, R., & Francis, S. T. (2013). Poststimulus undershoots in cerebral blood flow and BOLD fMRI responses are modulated by poststimulus neuronal activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(33), https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1221287110

fMRI is the foremost technique for noninvasive measurement of human brain function. However, its utility is limited by an incomplete understanding of the relationship between neuronal activity and the hemodynamic response. Though the primary peak of... Read More about Poststimulus undershoots in cerebral blood flow and BOLD fMRI responses are modulated by poststimulus neuronal activity.

Regional structural differences across functionally parcellated Brodmann areas of human primary somatosensory cortex (2013)
Journal Article

Ultra-high-field (UHF) MRI is ideally suited for structural and functional imaging of the brain. High-resolution structural MRI can be used to map the anatomical boundaries between functional domains of the brain by identifying changes related to the... Read More about Regional structural differences across functionally parcellated Brodmann areas of human primary somatosensory cortex.

Calibrated BOLD using direct measurement of changes in venous oxygenation (2012)
Journal Article
Driver, I. D., Hall, E. L., Wharton, S. J., Pritchard, S. E., Francis, S. T., & Gowland, P. A. (2012). Calibrated BOLD using direct measurement of changes in venous oxygenation. NeuroImage, 63(3), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.045

Calibration of the BOLD signal is potentially of great value in providing a closer measure of the underlying changes in brain function related to neuronal activity than the BOLD signal alone, but current approaches rely on an assumed relationship bet... Read More about Calibrated BOLD using direct measurement of changes in venous oxygenation.

Motion-related artefacts in EEG predict neuronally plausible patterns of activation in fMRI data (2012)
Journal Article
Jansen, M., White, T. P., Mullinger, K. J., Liddle, E. B., Gowland, P. A., Francis, S. T., …Liddle, P. F. (2012). Motion-related artefacts in EEG predict neuronally plausible patterns of activation in fMRI data. NeuroImage, 59(1), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.094

The simultaneous acquisition and subsequent analysis of EEG and fMRI data is challenging owing to increased noise levels in the EEG data. A common method to integrate data from these two modalities is to use aspects of the EEG data, such as the ampli... Read More about Motion-related artefacts in EEG predict neuronally plausible patterns of activation in fMRI data.

The change in cerebrovascular reactivity between 3T and 7T measured using graded hypercapnia (2010)
Journal Article
Driver, I., Blockley, N., Fisher, J., Francis, S., & Gowland, P. A. (2010). The change in cerebrovascular reactivity between 3T and 7T measured using graded hypercapnia. NeuroImage, 51(1), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.113

Mapping cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to hypercapnia is important both clinically and for improved understanding of the haemodynamic properties of the BOLD effect. In this work BOLD/R2* CVR was investigated by using a device which provided small,... Read More about The change in cerebrovascular reactivity between 3T and 7T measured using graded hypercapnia.