All Outputs (38)

The role of hyperbole in conveying emotionality: the case of victim speech (2024)
Journal Article
Desai, S., Bailey, K., & Filik, R. (2024). The role of hyperbole in conveying emotionality: the case of victim speech. Cognition and Emotion, https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2024.2412611

Figurative expressions are commonly used in everyday language as a device for conveying emotion. Hyperbole (e.g. “It took ages for him to arrive”) specifically can provide linguistic emphasis; especially when speakers wish to convey emotional evaluat... Read More about The role of hyperbole in conveying emotionality: the case of victim speech.

Is There a Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Eating Disorder Symptoms in Professional Male Fashion Models? (2024)
Journal Article
Ralph-Nearman, C., Hooper, M. A., Achee, M., Tomarken, A., & Filik, R. (2024). Is There a Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Eating Disorder Symptoms in Professional Male Fashion Models?. American Journal of Men's Health, 18(5), https://doi.org/10.1177/15579883241279507

This study is the first to examine the utility of body mass index (BMI) as an indicator of eating disorder (ED) pathology and fitness for employment for professional male fashion models. We assessed the relationship between experimenter-measured BMI,... Read More about Is There a Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Eating Disorder Symptoms in Professional Male Fashion Models?.

Introduction to the special issue on new approaches to figurative language research (2024)
Journal Article
Olkoniemi, H., & Filik, R. (2024). Introduction to the special issue on new approaches to figurative language research. Discourse Processes, 61(1-2), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2024.2312049

The use and interpretation of figurative expressions (e.g., irony, idiom, and metaphor) is an integral part of everyday human communication. Thus, the ability to comprehend figurative language underpins successful communication and social functioning... Read More about Introduction to the special issue on new approaches to figurative language research.

Individual differences in emoji comprehension: Gender, age, and culture (2024)
Journal Article
Chen, Y., Yang, X., Howman, H., & Filik, R. (2024). Individual differences in emoji comprehension: Gender, age, and culture. PLoS ONE, 19(2), Article e0297379. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297379

Emoji are an important substitute for non-verbal cues (such as facial expressions) in online written communication. So far, however, little is known about individual differences regarding how they are perceived. In the current study, we examined the... Read More about Individual differences in emoji comprehension: Gender, age, and culture.

The role of social status in sarcasm interpretation: evidence from the United Kingdom and China (2023)
Journal Article
Zhu, N., & Filik, R. (2024). The role of social status in sarcasm interpretation: evidence from the United Kingdom and China. Discourse Processes, 61(1-2), 69-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2023.2252695

We investigated the effect of culture and social status on sarcasm interpretation. Two hundred U.K. participants and 200 Chinese participants read scenarios in which the final comment could be either literal or sarcastic criticism and the speaker had... Read More about The role of social status in sarcasm interpretation: evidence from the United Kingdom and China.

Individual differences in sarcasm interpretation and use: Evidence from the UK and China (2023)
Journal Article
Zhu, N., & Filik, R. (2023). Individual differences in sarcasm interpretation and use: Evidence from the UK and China. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 49(3), 445-463. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001227

Sarcasm is commonly used in everyday language; however, little is currently known about cultural and individual differences in sarcasm interpretation and use, particularly across Western and Eastern cultures. To address these gaps in the literature,... Read More about Individual differences in sarcasm interpretation and use: Evidence from the UK and China.

Anaphoric reference to mereological entities (2023)
Journal Article
Cokal, D., Filik, R., Sturt, P., & Poesio, M. (2023). Anaphoric reference to mereological entities. Discourse Processes, 60(3), 202-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2023.2197682

Corpus evidence suggests that in contexts in which the presence of multiple antecedents might favor plural reference, the disadvantage observed for singular reference may disappear if the potential antecedents are combined in a group-like plural enti... Read More about Anaphoric reference to mereological entities.

Autism, Attachment, and Alexithymia: Investigating Emoji Comprehension (2022)
Journal Article
Taylor, H., Hand, C. J., Howman, H., & Filik, R. (2024). Autism, Attachment, and Alexithymia: Investigating Emoji Comprehension. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 40(9), 2211-2224. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2154890

Emoji are often misinterpreted. This study investigated whether individual differences known to impact facial emotion recognition would also affect emoji recognition. Participants completed an online emoji classification task, and then completed ques... Read More about Autism, Attachment, and Alexithymia: Investigating Emoji Comprehension.

Literal vs. hyperbole: examining speech preferences in testimonies of victims of sexual crime (2022)
Journal Article
Desai, S., & Filik, R. (2022). Literal vs. hyperbole: examining speech preferences in testimonies of victims of sexual crime. Psychology, Crime and Law, 30(5), 387-403. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2022.2096221

Victim emotionality is one of the most influential factors in sexual crime cases. Traditionally, the study of emotionality has been limited to behaviour-descriptors such as conveying panic or appearing shaken, however, such studies must also be exten... Read More about Literal vs. hyperbole: examining speech preferences in testimonies of victims of sexual crime.

Emoji Identification and Emoji Effects on Sentence Emotionality in ASD-Diagnosed Adults and Neurotypical Controls (2022)
Journal Article
Hand, C. J., Kennedy, A., Filik, R., Pitchford, M., & Robus, C. M. (2023). Emoji Identification and Emoji Effects on Sentence Emotionality in ASD-Diagnosed Adults and Neurotypical Controls. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53, 2514–2528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05557-4

We investigated ASD-diagnosed adults’ and neurotypical (NT) controls’ processing of emoji and emoji influence on the emotionality of otherwise-neutral sentences. Study 1 participants categorised emoji representing the six basic emotions using a fixed... Read More about Emoji Identification and Emoji Effects on Sentence Emotionality in ASD-Diagnosed Adults and Neurotypical Controls.

An eye-tracking study examining the relationship between males’ eating disorder symptomatology, body mass index, and expectations about character behaviour in text (2021)
Journal Article
Ralph-Nearman, C., Hooper, M. A., & Filik, R. (2021). An eye-tracking study examining the relationship between males’ eating disorder symptomatology, body mass index, and expectations about character behaviour in text. Cognition and Emotion, 35(8), 1543-1558. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2021.1987862

Eating disorder prevalence is increasing in males, perhaps more rapidly than in females. Theorists have proposed that cognitive biases are important factors underpinning disordered eating, especially those related to food, body, and perfectionism. We... Read More about An eye-tracking study examining the relationship between males’ eating disorder symptomatology, body mass index, and expectations about character behaviour in text.

Irony as a Test of the Presupposition-Denial Account: An ERP Study (2021)
Journal Article
Filik, R., Ingram, J., Moxey, L., Leuthold, H., & Ingram, J. (2021). Irony as a Test of the Presupposition-Denial Account: An ERP Study. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 50(6), 1321-1335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-021-09795-y

According to the Presupposition-Denial Account, complement set reference arises when focus is on the shortfall between the amount conveyed by a natural language quantifier and a larger, expected amount. Negative quantifiers imply a shortfall, through... Read More about Irony as a Test of the Presupposition-Denial Account: An ERP Study.

Emoji as a Tool to Aid the Comprehension of Written Sarcasm: Evidence from Younger and Older Adults (2021)
Journal Article
Garcia, C., Țurcan, A., Howman, H., & Filik, R. (2022). Emoji as a Tool to Aid the Comprehension of Written Sarcasm: Evidence from Younger and Older Adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 126, Article 106971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106971

There is evidence for an age-related decline in the ability to understand non-literal language such as sarcasm. There is also evidence to suggest that devices such as emoticons/emojis may influence sarcasm comprehension in younger adults. However, re... Read More about Emoji as a Tool to Aid the Comprehension of Written Sarcasm: Evidence from Younger and Older Adults.

Examining the influence of perspective and prosody on expected emotional responses to irony: Evidence from event-related brain potentials (2021)
Journal Article
Thompson, D., Leuthold, H., & Filik, R. (2021). Examining the influence of perspective and prosody on expected emotional responses to irony: Evidence from event-related brain potentials. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 75(2), 107-113. https://doi.org/10.1037/cep0000249

Ironic language is typically more difficult to process and interpret than a literal equivalent, hence is assumed to serve several social and emotional functions not achieved by literal communication (such as politeness or introducing humour). Several... Read More about Examining the influence of perspective and prosody on expected emotional responses to irony: Evidence from event-related brain potentials.

What is the relationship between body mass index and eating disorder symptomatology in female fashion models? (2020)
Journal Article
Ralph-Nearman, C., Yeh, H.-W., Khalsa, S. S., Feusner, J. D., & Filik, R. (2020). What is the relationship between body mass index and eating disorder symptomatology in female fashion models?. Psychiatry Research, 293, Article 113358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113358

Low body mass index (BMI [less than] 18/18.5) is utilized as a mandated cutoff for professional fashion model employment, based on assumptions that low BMI indicates eating disorder pathology. No previous studies have examined the association between... Read More about What is the relationship between body mass index and eating disorder symptomatology in female fashion models?.

Development and validation of new figural scales for female body dissatisfaction assessment on two dimensions: thin-ideal and muscularity-ideal (2020)
Journal Article
Ralph-Nearman, C., & Filik, R. (2020). Development and validation of new figural scales for female body dissatisfaction assessment on two dimensions: thin-ideal and muscularity-ideal. BMC Public Health, 20, Article 1114. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09094-6

Background:
Body dissatisfaction influences women’s mental and physical health. To date, most research has focused on body dissatisfaction in relation to the ‘thin-ideal’. Thus, the association between body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoma... Read More about Development and validation of new figural scales for female body dissatisfaction assessment on two dimensions: thin-ideal and muscularity-ideal.

Examining the role of context in written sarcasm comprehension: Evidence from eye-tracking during reading (2020)
Journal Article
Țurcan, A., Howman, H., & Filik, R. (2020). Examining the role of context in written sarcasm comprehension: Evidence from eye-tracking during reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 46(10), 1966-1976. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000910

This article addresses a current theoretical debate between modular and interactive accounts of sarcasm processing, by investigating the role of context (specifically, knowing that a character has been sarcastic before) in the comprehension of a sarc... Read More about Examining the role of context in written sarcasm comprehension: Evidence from eye-tracking during reading.

The Role of Emoticons in Sarcasm Comprehension in Younger and Older Adults: Evidence from an Eye-Tracking Experiment (2020)
Journal Article
Filik, R., & Howman, H. E. (2020). The Role of Emoticons in Sarcasm Comprehension in Younger and Older Adults: Evidence from an Eye-Tracking Experiment. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, https://doi.org/10.1177/1747021820922804

We present an eye-tracking experiment examining moment-to-moment processes underlying the comprehension of emoticons. Younger (18-30) and older (65+) participants had their eye movements recorded whilst reading scenarios containing comments that were... Read More about The Role of Emoticons in Sarcasm Comprehension in Younger and Older Adults: Evidence from an Eye-Tracking Experiment.

Investigating effects of emoji on neutral narrative text: Evidence from eye movements and perceived emotional valence (2020)
Journal Article
Robus, C. M., Hand, C. J., Filik, R., & Pitchford, M. (2020). Investigating effects of emoji on neutral narrative text: Evidence from eye movements and perceived emotional valence. Computers in Human Behavior, 109, Article 106361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106361

Digital images of faces such as emoji in virtual communication have become increasingly popular, but current research findings are inconsistent regarding their emotional effects on perceptions of text. Similarly, emoji effects on reading behaviours a... Read More about Investigating effects of emoji on neutral narrative text: Evidence from eye movements and perceived emotional valence.

Emotional Processing of Ironic Versus Literal Criticism in Autistic and Nonautistic Adults: Evidence From Eye-Tracking (2020)
Journal Article
Barzy, M., Filik, R., Ferguson, H. J., & Williams, D. (2020). Emotional Processing of Ironic Versus Literal Criticism in Autistic and Nonautistic Adults: Evidence From Eye-Tracking. Autism Research, 13(4), 563-578. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2272

© 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Typically developing adults are able to keep track of story characters' emotional states online while reading. Filik et al. showed that initially, participants expected the vic... Read More about Emotional Processing of Ironic Versus Literal Criticism in Autistic and Nonautistic Adults: Evidence From Eye-Tracking.