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Challenges in the Diagnosis of Biliary Stricture and Cholangiocarcinoma and Perspectives on the Future Applications of Advanced Technologies (2025)
Journal Article
Gaston, K., Mohammad, A., Venkatachalapathy, S. V., Notingher, I., Gordon, G. S. D., Arora, A., Rawson, F. J., Grove, J. I., Mukherjee, A., Gomez, D., Jayaraman, P.-S., & Aithal, G. P. (2025). Challenges in the Diagnosis of Biliary Stricture and Cholangiocarcinoma and Perspectives on the Future Applications of Advanced Technologies. Cancers, 17(14), Article 2301. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17142301

In the management of cholangiocarcinoma, effective biliary drainage and accurate diagnosis are vital to allow further treatment. Confirmation of tissue diagnosis and molecular characterization is also required to guide future treatment options includ... Read More about Challenges in the Diagnosis of Biliary Stricture and Cholangiocarcinoma and Perspectives on the Future Applications of Advanced Technologies.

Infrared and Raman spectroscopy of blood plasma for rapid endometrial cancer detection (2025)
Journal Article
Schiemer, R., Grant, J., Shafiee, M. N., Phang, S., Furniss, D., Boitor, R., Seddon, A. B., Notingher, I., Atiomo, W., Jones, N. W., & Gajjar, K. B. (2025). Infrared and Raman spectroscopy of blood plasma for rapid endometrial cancer detection. British Journal of Cancer, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-025-03050-0

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the 6th most common cancer among women worldwide. No effective non-invasive screening methods or approved blood biomarkers for EC exist. Previous research explored Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform I... Read More about Infrared and Raman spectroscopy of blood plasma for rapid endometrial cancer detection.

Intraoperative spectroscopic evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer surgery (2024)
Journal Article
Barkur, S., Boitor, R. A., Mihai, R., Raja Gopal, N. S., Leeney, S., Koloydenko, A. A., Khout, H., Rakha, E., & Notingher, I. (2024). Intraoperative spectroscopic evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer surgery. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-024-07349-z

Background and objectives: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a standard procedure for patients with breast cancer and normal axilla on imaging. Positive SLNs on histological examination can lead to a subsequent surgery for axillary lymph node clear... Read More about Intraoperative spectroscopic evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer surgery.

Diagnostic accuracy of autofluorescence-Raman microspectroscopy for surgical margin assessment during Mohs micrographic surgery of basal cell carcinoma (2024)
Journal Article
Boitor, R. A., Varma, S., Sharma, A., Odedra, S., Elsheikh, S., Eldib, K., Patel, A., Koloydenko, A., Gran, S., De Winne, K., Koljenovic, S., Williams, H. C., & Notingher, I. (2024). Diagnostic accuracy of autofluorescence-Raman microspectroscopy for surgical margin assessment during Mohs micrographic surgery of basal cell carcinoma. British Journal of Dermatology, 191(3), 428-436. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljae196

Background

Autofluorescence (AF)–Raman microspectroscopy is a technology that can detect residual basal cell carcinoma (BCC) on the resection margin of fresh, surgically excised tissue specimens. The technology does not require tissue fixation, st... Read More about Diagnostic accuracy of autofluorescence-Raman microspectroscopy for surgical margin assessment during Mohs micrographic surgery of basal cell carcinoma.

MicrobioRaman: an open-access web repository for microbiological Raman spectroscopy data (2024)
Journal Article
Lee, K. S., Landry, Z., Athar, A., Alcolombri, U., Pramoj Na Ayutthaya, P., Berry, D., de Bettignies, P., Cheng, J.-X., Csucs, G., Cui, L., Deckert, V., Dieing, T., Dionne, J., Doskocil, O., D’Souza, G., García-Timermans, C., Gierlinger, N., Goda, K., Hatzenpichler, R., Henshaw, R. J., …Stocker, R. (2024). MicrobioRaman: an open-access web repository for microbiological Raman spectroscopy data. Nature Microbiology, 9(5), 1152–1156. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-024-01656-3

Ex vivo assessment of basal cell carcinoma surgical margins in Mohs surgery by autofluorescence-Raman spectroscopy: A pilot study (2023)
Journal Article
Boitor, R., Varma, V., Sharma, A., Elsheikh, S., Kulkarni, K., Eldib, K., Jerrom, R., Odedra, S., Patel, A., Koloydenko, A., Williams, H., & Notingher, I. (2024). Ex vivo assessment of basal cell carcinoma surgical margins in Mohs surgery by autofluorescence-Raman spectroscopy: A pilot study. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 3(2), 498-507. https://doi.org/10.1002/jvc2.336

Background
Autofluorescence (AF)-Raman spectroscopy is a technology that can detect tumour tissue in surgically excised skin specimens. The technique does not require tissue fixation, staining, labelling or sectioning, and provides quantitative diag... Read More about Ex vivo assessment of basal cell carcinoma surgical margins in Mohs surgery by autofluorescence-Raman spectroscopy: A pilot study.

Ex vivo assessment of basal cell carcinoma surgical margins in Mohs surgery by autofluorescence-Raman spectroscopy: A pilot study (2023)
Journal Article
Boitor, R., Varma, S., Sharma, A., Elsheikh, S., Kulkarni, K., Eldib, K., Jerrom, R., Odedra, S., Patel, A., Koloydenko, A., Williams, H., & Notingher, I. (2024). Ex vivo assessment of basal cell carcinoma surgical margins in Mohs surgery by autofluorescence-Raman spectroscopy: A pilot study. JEADV Clinical Practice, 3(2), 498-507. https://doi.org/10.1002/jvc2.336

Background: Autofluorescence (AF)‐Raman spectroscopy is a technology that can detect tumour tissue in surgically excised skin specimens. The technique does not require tissue fixation, staining, labelling or sectioning, and provides quantitative diag... Read More about Ex vivo assessment of basal cell carcinoma surgical margins in Mohs surgery by autofluorescence-Raman spectroscopy: A pilot study.

Optimisation of diffuse Raman spectroscopy for in-vivo quantification of foreign body response in small animal model (2023)
Journal Article
Dooley, M., Luckett, J., Alexander, M. R., Matousek, P., Dehghani, H., Ghaemmaghami, A. M., & Notingher, I. (2023). Optimisation of diffuse Raman spectroscopy for in-vivo quantification of foreign body response in small animal model. Biomedical Optics Express, 14(12), 6592-6606. https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.512118

Diffuse Raman spectroscopy (DRS) allows subsurface molecular analysis of optically turbid samples. Numerical modelling of light propagation was used as a method for improving the design of an DRS instrument to maximize the signal to noise ratio (SNR)... Read More about Optimisation of diffuse Raman spectroscopy for in-vivo quantification of foreign body response in small animal model.

Optimization of diffuse Raman spectroscopy for in-vivo quantification of foreign body response in a small animal model (2023)
Journal Article
Dooley, M., Luckett, J., Alexander, M. R., Matousek, P., Dehghani, H., Ghaemmaghami, A. M., & Notingher, I. (2023). Optimization of diffuse Raman spectroscopy for in-vivo quantification of foreign body response in a small animal model. Biomedical Optics Express, 14(12), 6592-6606. https://doi.org/10.1364/boe.512118

Diffuse Raman spectroscopy (DRS) allows subsurface molecular analysis of optically turbid samples. Numerical modeling of light propagation was used as a method for improving the design of an DRS instrument to maximize the signal to noise ratio (SNR)... Read More about Optimization of diffuse Raman spectroscopy for in-vivo quantification of foreign body response in a small animal model.

Autofluorescence-Raman Spectroscopy for Ex Vivo Mapping Colorectal Liver Metastases and Liver Tissue (2023)
Journal Article
Corden, C., Boitor, R., Dusanjh, P. K., Harwood, A., Mukherjee, A., Gomez, D., & Notingher, I. (2023). Autofluorescence-Raman Spectroscopy for Ex Vivo Mapping Colorectal Liver Metastases and Liver Tissue. Journal of Surgical Research, 288, 10-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2023.02.014

Introduction: Identifying colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) during liver resection could assist in achieving clear surgical margins, which is an important prognostic variable for both disease-free and overall survival. The aim of this study was to i... Read More about Autofluorescence-Raman Spectroscopy for Ex Vivo Mapping Colorectal Liver Metastases and Liver Tissue.

Quantification of Drugs in Brain and Liver Mimetic Tissue Models Using Raman Spectroscopy (2022)
Journal Article
Woodhouse, N., Majer, J., Marshall, P., Hood, S., & Notingher, I. (2022). Quantification of Drugs in Brain and Liver Mimetic Tissue Models Using Raman Spectroscopy. Applied Spectroscopy, https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028221139494

Quantitative analysis of drug delivery with in biological systems is an integral challenge in drug development. Analytical techniques are important for assessing both drug target delivery, target action, and drug toxicology. Using mimetic tissue mode... Read More about Quantification of Drugs in Brain and Liver Mimetic Tissue Models Using Raman Spectroscopy.

Model-Based Optimization of Laser Excitation and Detection Improves Spectral Contrast in Noninvasive Diffuse Raman Spectroscopy (2022)
Journal Article
Dooley, M. J., Paterson, T., Dexter, L., Matousek, P., Dehghani, H., & Notingher, I. (2022). Model-Based Optimization of Laser Excitation and Detection Improves Spectral Contrast in Noninvasive Diffuse Raman Spectroscopy. Applied Spectroscopy, 76(7), 801-811. https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028211072900

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a powerful technique for subsurface molecular analysis of optically turbid samples. Numerical modeling of light propagation has been used to investigate opportunities for improving spectral contrast and s... Read More about Model-Based Optimization of Laser Excitation and Detection Improves Spectral Contrast in Noninvasive Diffuse Raman Spectroscopy.

Intra-operative assessment of sentinel lymph nodes for breast cancer surgery: An update (2021)
Journal Article
Barkur, S., Notingher, I., & Rakha, E. (2022). Intra-operative assessment of sentinel lymph nodes for breast cancer surgery: An update. Surgical Oncology, 40, Article 101678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suronc.2021.101678

Lymph node (LN) involvement is the strongest prognostic factor in operable breast cancer (BC). Therefore, accurate assessment of LN status is essential for management of BC patients. The introduction of sentinel LN approach reduced the need for exten... Read More about Intra-operative assessment of sentinel lymph nodes for breast cancer surgery: An update.

Time-gated Raman spectroscopy for biomedical application under ambient or strong background light conditions (2021)
Journal Article
Corden, C., Boitor, R., & Notingher, I. (2021). Time-gated Raman spectroscopy for biomedical application under ambient or strong background light conditions. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 54(50), Article 504003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac276e

Many biomedical applications require measurements of Raman spectra of tissue under ambient lighting conditions. However, the background light often swamps the weaker Raman signal. The use of time-gated (TG) Raman spectroscopy based on a single photon... Read More about Time-gated Raman spectroscopy for biomedical application under ambient or strong background light conditions.

Selective-sampling Raman imaging techniques for ex vivo assessment of surgical margins in cancer surgery (2021)
Journal Article
Lizio, M. G., Boitor, R., & Notingher, I. (2021). Selective-sampling Raman imaging techniques for ex vivo assessment of surgical margins in cancer surgery. Analyst, 146(12), 3799-3809. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1an00296a

One of the main challenges in cancer surgery is to ensure the complete excision of the tumour while sparing as much healthy tissue as possible. Histopathology, the gold-standard technique used to assess the surgical margins on the excised tissue, is... Read More about Selective-sampling Raman imaging techniques for ex vivo assessment of surgical margins in cancer surgery.

Clinical integration of fast Raman spectroscopy for Mohs micrographic surgery of basal cell carcinoma (2021)
Journal Article
Boitor, R., de Wolf, C., Weesie, F., Shipp, D. W., Varma, S., Veitch, D., Wernham, A., Koloydenko, A., Puppels, G., Nijsten, T., Williams, H. C., Caspers, P., & Notingher, I. (2021). Clinical integration of fast Raman spectroscopy for Mohs micrographic surgery of basal cell carcinoma. Biomedical Optics Express, 12(4), 2015-2026. https://doi.org/10.1364/boe.417896

We present the first clinical integration of a prototype device based on integrated auto-fluorescence imaging and Raman spectroscopy (Fast Raman device) for intra-operative assessment of surgical margins during Mohs micrographic surgery of basal cell... Read More about Clinical integration of fast Raman spectroscopy for Mohs micrographic surgery of basal cell carcinoma.

Combined total internal reflection AF spectral-imaging and Raman spectroscopy for fast assessment of surgical margins during breast cancer surgery (2021)
Journal Article
Lizio, M. G., Liao, Z., Shipp, D. W., Boitor, R., Mihai, R., Sharp, J. S., Russell, M., Khout, H., Rakha, E. A., & Notingher, I. (2021). Combined total internal reflection AF spectral-imaging and Raman spectroscopy for fast assessment of surgical margins during breast cancer surgery. Biomedical Optics Express, 12(2), 940-954. https://doi.org/10.1364/boe.411648

The standard treatment for breast cancer is surgical removal mainly through breast conserving surgey (BCS). We developed a new technique based on auto-fluorescence (AF) spectral imaging and Raman spectroscopy for fast intraoperative assessment of exc... Read More about Combined total internal reflection AF spectral-imaging and Raman spectroscopy for fast assessment of surgical margins during breast cancer surgery.

Sub-Surface Molecular Analysis and Imaging in Turbid Media Using Time-Gated Raman Spectral Multiplexing (2020)
Journal Article
Corden, C., Matousek, P., Conti, C., & Notingher, I. (2021). Sub-Surface Molecular Analysis and Imaging in Turbid Media Using Time-Gated Raman Spectral Multiplexing. Applied Spectroscopy, 75(2), 156-167. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003702820946054

Obtaining molecular information deeper within optically turbid samples is valuable in many applications. However, in many cases this is challenging, in particular when the sample elicits strong laser-induced fluorescence emission. Here, we investigat... Read More about Sub-Surface Molecular Analysis and Imaging in Turbid Media Using Time-Gated Raman Spectral Multiplexing.

Feasibility of integrated high‐wavenumber Raman imaging and fingerprint Raman spectroscopy for fast margin assessment in breast cancer surgery (2020)
Journal Article
Liao, Z., Lizio, M. G., Corden, C., Khout, H., Rakha, E., & Notingher, I. (2020). Feasibility of integrated high‐wavenumber Raman imaging and fingerprint Raman spectroscopy for fast margin assessment in breast cancer surgery. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 51(10), 1986-1995. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.5937

Intraoperative assessment of surgical margins remains one of the main challenges in cancer surgery. Raman spectroscopy can detect cancer cells with high accuracy, but it is time‐consuming. In this paper, we investigated a selective‐sampling Raman spe... Read More about Feasibility of integrated high‐wavenumber Raman imaging and fingerprint Raman spectroscopy for fast margin assessment in breast cancer surgery.

Induction and measurement of the early stage of a host-parasite interaction using a combined optical trapping and Raman microspectroscopy system (2019)
Journal Article
Sinjab, F., Elsheikha, H. M., Dooley, M., & Notingher, I. (2020). Induction and measurement of the early stage of a host-parasite interaction using a combined optical trapping and Raman microspectroscopy system. Journal of Biophotonics, 13(2), Article e201960065. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201960065

© 2019 The Authors. Journal of Biophotonics published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Understanding and quantifying the temporal acquisition of host cell molecules by intracellular pathogens is fundamentally important in biology. In t... Read More about Induction and measurement of the early stage of a host-parasite interaction using a combined optical trapping and Raman microspectroscopy system.