All Outputs (32)

Continuous glucose monitoring and automated insulin delivery systems in the management of diabetes among individuals with chronic kidney disease on dialysis (2025)
Journal Article
Liarakos, A. L., Randhay, A., Wilmot, E. G., & Wilmot, E. G. (2025). Continuous glucose monitoring and automated insulin delivery systems in the management of diabetes among individuals with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension, https://doi.org/10.1097/MNH.0000000000001106

Purpose of review
To describe the current evidence and emerging role of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in the management of diabetes among individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) unde... Read More about Continuous glucose monitoring and automated insulin delivery systems in the management of diabetes among individuals with chronic kidney disease on dialysis.

Hybrid Closed-Loop Therapy in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes in England: Long-Term Outcomes from a Real-World Observational Study (2025)
Journal Article
Liarakos, A. L., Crabtree, T. S., Griffin, T. P., Hussain, S., Gallen, G., Elliott, J., Furlong, N., Cranston, I., Narendran, P., Kamaruddin, S., Thabit, H., Htike, Z. Z., Leelarathna, L., Sawyer, L., Evans, M. L., Curtis, L., Philbey, C., Kirby, J., Douek, I., Chakera, A. J., …Wilmot, E. G. (2025). Hybrid Closed-Loop Therapy in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes in England: Long-Term Outcomes from a Real-World Observational Study. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics, https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2025.0165

Objective: To evaluate longitudinal real-world outcomes in adults with type 1 diabetes initiating hybrid closed loop (HCL).

Methods: Adults with type 1 diabetes, managed with an insulin pump and intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitorin... Read More about Hybrid Closed-Loop Therapy in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes in England: Long-Term Outcomes from a Real-World Observational Study.

Impact of real-time glucose monitoring using FreeStyle Libre 3 on glycaemia in type 2 diabetes managed with basal insulin plus SGLT2 inhibitor and/or GLP-1 agonist: the FreeDM2 randomised controlled trial protocol (2025)
Journal Article
Wilmot, E. G., Ajjan, R. A., Cheah, Y. S., Choudhary, P., Cranston, I., Elliott, R. A., Evans, M., Iqbal, A., Kamaruddin, S., Barnard-Kelly, K., Lumb, A., Min, T., Moore, P., Narendran, P., Neupane, S., Rayman, G., Sathyapalan, T., Thabit, H., Yates, T., & Leelarathna, L. (2025). Impact of real-time glucose monitoring using FreeStyle Libre 3 on glycaemia in type 2 diabetes managed with basal insulin plus SGLT2 inhibitor and/or GLP-1 agonist: the FreeDM2 randomised controlled trial protocol. BMJ Open, 15(4), Article e090154. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090154

Introduction Effective management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) consists of lifestyle modification and therapy optimisation. While glycaemic monitoring can be used as a tool to guide these changes, this can be challenging with self-monitoring of... Read More about Impact of real-time glucose monitoring using FreeStyle Libre 3 on glycaemia in type 2 diabetes managed with basal insulin plus SGLT2 inhibitor and/or GLP-1 agonist: the FreeDM2 randomised controlled trial protocol.

Using normalisation process theory to understand implementation of effective early-onset type 2 diabetes treatment and care within England: a qualitative study (2025)
Journal Article
Chauhan, R., Davies, M. J., May, C., Misra, S., Sargeant, J. A., Skarlatos, M., Speight, J., Wilmot, E. G., Wilson, C., & Hadjiconstantinou, M. (2025). Using normalisation process theory to understand implementation of effective early-onset type 2 diabetes treatment and care within England: a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research, 25(1), Article 422. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12616-w

Background: Despite increasing prevalence, early-onset type 2 diabetes (EOT2D) has received little clinical and qualitative research attention within England. This qualitative study aimed to explore and understand the unmet needs of people living wit... Read More about Using normalisation process theory to understand implementation of effective early-onset type 2 diabetes treatment and care within England: a qualitative study.

Existing Knowledge Gaps in Risk Factors and Consequences of Lipohypertrophy in People Using Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2025)
Journal Article
Mader, J. K., Fornengo, R., Hassoun, A., Heinemann, L., Kulzer, B., Monica, M., Nguyen, T., Sieber, J., Renard, E., Reznik, Y., Ryś, P., Stożek-Tutro, A., & Wilmot, E. G. (2025). Existing Knowledge Gaps in Risk Factors and Consequences of Lipohypertrophy in People Using Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, https://doi.org/10.1177/19322968251319806

Background:
Lipohypertrophy is a common skin complication in individuals with insulin-treated diabetes, but this condition in those using insulin pumps (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, CSII) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to i... Read More about Existing Knowledge Gaps in Risk Factors and Consequences of Lipohypertrophy in People Using Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Existing Knowledge Gaps in Risk Factors and Consequences of Lipohypertrophy in People Using Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2025)
Journal Article
Mader, J. K., Fornengo, R., Hassoun, A., Heinemann, L., Kulzer, B., Monica, M., Nguyen, T., Sieber, J., Renard, E., Reznik, Y., Ryś, P., Stożek-Tutro, A., & Wilmot, E. G. (2025). Existing Knowledge Gaps in Risk Factors and Consequences of Lipohypertrophy in People Using Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, https://doi.org/10.1177/19322968251319806

Background:
Lipohypertrophy is a common skin complication in individuals with insulin-treated diabetes, but this condition in those using insulin pumps (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, CSII) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to i... Read More about Existing Knowledge Gaps in Risk Factors and Consequences of Lipohypertrophy in People Using Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Risk factors for Lipohypertrophy in People With Insulin-Treated Diabetes: A Systematic Meta-Analysis (2025)
Journal Article
Mader, J. K., Fornengo, R., Hassoun, A., Heinemann, L., Kulzer, B., Monica, M., Nguyen, T., Sieber, J., Renard, E., Reznik, Y., Ryś, P., Stożek-Tutro, A., & Wilmot, E. G. (2025). Risk factors for Lipohypertrophy in People With Insulin-Treated Diabetes: A Systematic Meta-Analysis. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, https://doi.org/10.1177/19322968251325569

Background:
Lipohypertrophy is a common skin complication in people with insulin-treated diabetes. Despite its high prevalence and potential impact on diabetes management and outcomes, published data regarding the risk factors for the development of... Read More about Risk factors for Lipohypertrophy in People With Insulin-Treated Diabetes: A Systematic Meta-Analysis.

The challenge of assessing impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in diabetes in the era of continuous glucose monitoring: A narrative review of evidence and translation into clinical practice (2025)
Journal Article
Berry, S. A., Liarakos, A. L., Koutroukas, V., Choudhary, P., Wilmot, E. G., & Iqbal, A. (2025). The challenge of assessing impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in diabetes in the era of continuous glucose monitoring: A narrative review of evidence and translation into clinical practice. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 27(5), 2363-2376. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.16284

Iatrogenic hypoglycaemia remains a major barrier in diabetes care. Over time, and with repeated hypoglycaemic episodes, the physiological responses to hypoglycaemia can become blunted, resulting in impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH). In IAH, t... Read More about The challenge of assessing impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in diabetes in the era of continuous glucose monitoring: A narrative review of evidence and translation into clinical practice.

Implementation Strategies for Inpatient Continuous Glucose Monitoring-based Diabetes Management: A Systematic Review (2025)
Journal Article
Olsen, M. T., Liarakos, A. L., Wilmot, E. G., Dhatariya, K., Thabit, H., Sánchez-García, D., Nørgaard, K., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., Hansen, K. B., Vangoitsenhoven, R., Mathieu, C., Kristensen, P. L., & Mader, J. K. (2025). Implementation Strategies for Inpatient Continuous Glucose Monitoring-based Diabetes Management: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 110(7), e2411–e2419. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaf074

Introduction
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides real-time glucose data that has revolutionised outpatient diabetes care; however, its impact on inpatient care remains limited, likely due to the lack of standardised CGM-based insulin titrat... Read More about Implementation Strategies for Inpatient Continuous Glucose Monitoring-based Diabetes Management: A Systematic Review.

Long-Term Improvements in Glycemia and User-Reported Outcomes Associated with Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery Systems in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes in the United Kingdom: A Real-World Observational Study (2025)
Journal Article
Liarakos, A. L., Crabtree, T. S., Hussain, S., Patel, R., Gazis, A., Mendis, B., Herring, R., Kennedy, A., Black, N., Ryder, R. E., & Wilmot, E. G. (2025). Long-Term Improvements in Glycemia and User-Reported Outcomes Associated with Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery Systems in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes in the United Kingdom: A Real-World Observational Study. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics, 27(4), 283-291. https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2024.0556

Objective: To evaluate real-world outcomes in adults with type 1 diabetes initiating open-source automated insulin delivery systems (OS-AID).

Methods: Adults with type 1 diabetes who commenced OS-AID, between May 2016 and April 2021, across 12 ce... Read More about Long-Term Improvements in Glycemia and User-Reported Outcomes Associated with Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery Systems in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes in the United Kingdom: A Real-World Observational Study.

Time Below Range and Its Influence on Hypoglycemia Awareness and Severe Hypoglycemia: Insights From the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists Study (2025)
Journal Article
Deshmukh, H., Wilmot, E. G., Choudhary, P., Ssemmondo, E., Barnes, D., Walker, N., Walton, C., Ryder, R. E., & Sathyapalan, T. (2025). Time Below Range and Its Influence on Hypoglycemia Awareness and Severe Hypoglycemia: Insights From the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists Study. Diabetes Care, 48(3), 437-443. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc24-1833

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to explore the relationship between time below range (TBR), impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH), and severe hypoglycemia (SH).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study analyzed data from individuals... Read More about Time Below Range and Its Influence on Hypoglycemia Awareness and Severe Hypoglycemia: Insights From the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists Study.

Minimum expectations for market authorization of continuous glucose monitoring devices in Europe—‘eCGM’ compliance status (2024)
Journal Article
Mathieu, C., Irace, C., Wilmot, E. G., Akra, B., Del Prato, S., Cuesta, M., Adolfsson, P., Klupa, T., Renard, E., & Battelino, T. (2024). Minimum expectations for market authorization of continuous glucose monitoring devices in Europe—‘eCGM’ compliance status. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.16153

Patient‐reported outcomes in studies of diabetes technology: What matters (2024)
Journal Article
Liarakos, A. L., Crabtree, T. S., & Wilmot, E. G. (2024). Patient‐reported outcomes in studies of diabetes technology: What matters. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 26(S7), 59-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15858

In recent years, diabetes technologies have revolutionized the care of people with type1 diabetes (T1D). Emerging evidence suggests that people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) canexperience similar benefits from these advances in technology. While glycaem... Read More about Patient‐reported outcomes in studies of diabetes technology: What matters.

Real-World Evidence of Omnipod® 5 Automated Insulin Delivery System Use in 69,902 People with Type 1 Diabetes (2024)
Journal Article
Forlenza, G. P., DeSalvo, D. J., Aleppo, G., Wilmot, E. G., Berget, C., Huyett, L. M., Hadjiyianni, I., Méndez, J. J., Conroy, L. R., Ly, T. T., & Sherr, J. L. (2024). Real-World Evidence of Omnipod® 5 Automated Insulin Delivery System Use in 69,902 People with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics, 26(8), 514-525. https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2023.0578

Background:

The Omnipod® 5 Automated Insulin Delivery System was associated with favorable glycemic outcomes for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in two pivotal clinical trials. Real-world evidence is needed to explore effectiveness in nonstudy... Read More about Real-World Evidence of Omnipod® 5 Automated Insulin Delivery System Use in 69,902 People with Type 1 Diabetes.

The use of technology in type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a narrative review (2024)
Journal Article
Liarakos, A. L., Lim, J. Z. M., Leelarathna, L., & Wilmot, E. G. (2024). The use of technology in type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a narrative review. Diabetologia, 67(10), 2059-2074. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-024-06203-7

The increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes, which represents 90% of diabetes cases globally, is a major public health concern. Improved glucose management reduces the risk of vascular complications and mortality; however, only a small proportion of... Read More about The use of technology in type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a narrative review.

Importance of FDA-Integrated Continuous Glucose Monitors to Ensure Accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (2024)
Journal Article
Klonoff, D. C., Gabbay, M., Moon, S. J., & Wilmot, E. G. (2024). Importance of FDA-Integrated Continuous Glucose Monitors to Ensure Accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, https://doi.org/10.1177/19322968241250357

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been shown to improve glycemic control and self-monitoring, as well as to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. Integrated CGM (iCGM) FDA-cleared systems with published performance data are established nonadjunctive... Read More about Importance of FDA-Integrated Continuous Glucose Monitors to Ensure Accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring.

Relationship Between Lipohypertrophy, Glycemic Control, and Insulin Dosing: A Systematic Meta-Analysis (2024)
Journal Article
Mader, J. K., Fornengo, R., Hassoun, A., Heinemann, L., Kulzer, B., Monica, M., Nguyen, T., Sieber, J., Renard, E., Reznik, Y., Rys, P., Stozek, A., & Wilmot, E. G. (2024). Relationship Between Lipohypertrophy, Glycemic Control, and Insulin Dosing: A Systematic Meta-Analysis. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics, 26(5), 351-362. https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2023.0491

Background: Lipohypertrophy is a common complication in patients with diabetes receiving insulin therapy. There is a lack of consensus regarding how much lipohypertrophy affects diabetes management. Our study aimed to assess the potential correlation... Read More about Relationship Between Lipohypertrophy, Glycemic Control, and Insulin Dosing: A Systematic Meta-Analysis.

Real-world outcomes of Omnipod DASH system use in people with type 1 diabetes: Evidence from the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) study (2024)
Journal Article
Liarakos, A. L., Hasan, N., Crabtree, T. S. J., Leelarathna, L., Hammond, P., Hussain, S., Haq, M., Aslam, A., Gatdula, E., Gibb, F. W., Lumb, A., Bull, K., Chinnasamy, E., Carrieri, G., Williams, D. M., Choudhary, P., Ryder, R. E. J., & Wilmot, E. G. (2024). Real-world outcomes of Omnipod DASH system use in people with type 1 diabetes: Evidence from the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) study. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 209, Article 111597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111597

Aims
To evaluate real-world outcomes in people with Type 1 Diabetes (PwT1D) initiated on Omnipod DASH® Insulin Management System

Methods
Anonymized clinical data were submitted to a secure web-based tool within the National Health Service networ... Read More about Real-world outcomes of Omnipod DASH system use in people with type 1 diabetes: Evidence from the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) study.

Effect of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in people with diabetes with a psychosocial indication for initiation (2024)
Journal Article
Ssemmondo, E., Deshmukh, H., Wilmot, E. G., Adeleke, K. A., Shah, N., Walton, C., Barnes, D., Ryder, R. E. J., & Sathyapalan, T. (2024). Effect of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in people with diabetes with a psychosocial indication for initiation. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 26(4), 1340-1345. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15435

AbstractAimTo understand the effect of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) in people with diabetes with a ‘psychosocial’ indication for access.MethodsThe study utilized baseline and follow‐up data from the Association of Brit... Read More about Effect of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in people with diabetes with a psychosocial indication for initiation.

Intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes: A subgroup analysis from the FLASH-UK study (2023)
Journal Article
Leelarathna, L., Sutton, C. J., Evans, M. L., Neupane, S., Rayman, G., Lumley, S., Cranston, I., Narendran, P., Krishan, A., Taxiarchi, V. P., Barnard-Kelly, K., Elliott, R. A., Burns, M., Camm, M., Thabit, H., & Wilmot, E. G. (2024). Intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes: A subgroup analysis from the FLASH-UK study. Diabetic Medicine, 41(3), Article e15249. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.15249

Aims: The FLASH-UK trial showed lower HbA1c with intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM), as compared with self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), in adults with type 1 diabetes and HbA1c ≥58 mmol/mol (≥7.5%). Here, we present r... Read More about Intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes: A subgroup analysis from the FLASH-UK study.