The use of technology in type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a narrative review

Liarakos, Alexandros L.; Lim, Jonathan Z. M.; Leelarathna, Lalantha; Wilmot, Emma G.

Abstract

The increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes, which represents 90% of diabetes cases globally, is a major public health concern. Improved glucose management reduces the risk of vascular complications and mortality; however, only a small proportion of the type 2 diabetes population have blood glucose levels within the recommended treatment targets. In recent years, diabetes technologies have revolutionised the care of people with type 1 diabetes, and it is becoming increasingly evident that people with type 2 diabetes can also benefit from these advances. In this review, we describe the current knowledge regarding the role of technologies for people living with type 2 diabetes and the evidence supporting their use in clinical practice. We conclude that continuous glucose monitoring systems deliver glycaemic benefits for individuals with type 2 diabetes, whether treated with insulin or non-insulin therapy; further data are required to evaluate the role of these systems in those with prediabetes (defined as impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose and/or HbA1c levels between 39 mmol/mol [5.7%] and 47 mmol/mol [6.4%]). The use of insulin pumps seems to be safe and effective in people with type 2 diabetes, especially in those with an HbA1c significantly above target. Initial results from studies exploring the impact of closed-loop systems in type 2 diabetes are promising. We discuss directions for future research to fully understand the potential benefits of integrating evidence-based technology into care for people living with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes.

Citation

Liarakos, A. L., Lim, J. Z. M., Leelarathna, L., & Wilmot, E. G. (2024). The use of technology in type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a narrative review. Diabetologia, 67(10), 2059-2074. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-024-06203-7

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: May 9, 2024
• Online Publication Date: Jun 29, 2024
• Publication Date: 2024-10
• Deposit Date: Sep 5, 2024
• Publicly Available Date: Sep 6, 2024
• Journal: Diabetologia
• Print ISSN: 0012-186X
• Electronic ISSN: 1432-0428
• Publisher: Springer Verlag
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 67
• Issue: 10
• Pages: 2059-2074
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-024-06203-7
• Keywords: Review, Diabetes technology, Prediabetes, Type 2 diabetes, Insulin pump, Closed loop, Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, Continuous glucose monitoring, Automated insulin delivery
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/36876915
• Publisher URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00125-024-06203-7