All Outputs (15)

Comparing physical and chemical properties of soot from laboratory tests and heavy-duty engines used in field operations (2024)
Journal Article
Pacino, A., Rocca, A. L., Smith, J., Berryman, J., Fowell, M., Cairns, A., & Fay, M. W. (in press). Comparing physical and chemical properties of soot from laboratory tests and heavy-duty engines used in field operations. SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants,

Morphology, nanostructure, and composition of soot extracted from the oil sump of different heavy-duty engines operated under dynamometer and field conditions were investigated. Soot characteristics were then compared to a carbon black sample. Soot w... Read More about Comparing physical and chemical properties of soot from laboratory tests and heavy-duty engines used in field operations.

Experimental Comparison of Spark and Jet Ignition Engine Operation with Ammonia/Hydrogen Co-Fuelling (2024)
Journal Article
Ambalakatte, A., Cairns, A., Geng, S., Varaei, A., Hegab, A., Harrington, A., Hall, J., & Bassett, M. (2024). Experimental Comparison of Spark and Jet Ignition Engine Operation with Ammonia/Hydrogen Co-Fuelling. SAE Technical Papers, 2024, Article 01-2099. https://doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2099

Ammonia (NH3) is emerging as a potential fuel for longer range decarbonised heavy transport, predominantly due to favourable characteristics as an effective hydrogen carrier. This is despite generally unfavourable combustion and toxicity attributes,... Read More about Experimental Comparison of Spark and Jet Ignition Engine Operation with Ammonia/Hydrogen Co-Fuelling.

Research and innovation identified to decarbonise the maritime sector (2024)
Journal Article
Ling-Chin, J., Simpson, R., Cairns, A., Wu, D., Xie, Y., Song, D., …Roskilly, A. P. (2024). Research and innovation identified to decarbonise the maritime sector. Green Energy and Sustainability, 4(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.47248/ges2404010001

The maritime sector requires technically, environmentally, socially, and economically informed pathways to decarbonise and eliminate all emissions harmful to the environment and health. This is extremely challenging and complex, and a wide range of t... Read More about Research and innovation identified to decarbonise the maritime sector.

Evaluation of ammonia-gasoline co-combustion in a modern spark ignition research engine (2023)
Journal Article
Ambalakatte, A., Geng, S., Cairns, A., Harrington, A., Hall, J., & Bassett, M. (2023). Evaluation of ammonia-gasoline co-combustion in a modern spark ignition research engine. Carbon Neutrality, 2(1), Article 35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43979-023-00075-3

Ammonia (NH3) is emerging as a potential favoured fuel for longer range decarbonised heavy transport, particularly in the marine sector, predominantly due to highly favourable characteristics as an effective hydrogen carrier. This is despite generall... Read More about Evaluation of ammonia-gasoline co-combustion in a modern spark ignition research engine.

Hydrogen storage in liquid hydrogen carriers: recent activities and new trends (2023)
Journal Article
Ulucan, T. H., Akhade, S. A., Ambalakatte, A., Autrey, T., Cairns, A., Chen, P., …Weidenthaler, C. (2023). Hydrogen storage in liquid hydrogen carriers: recent activities and new trends. Progress in Energy, 5(1), Article 012004. https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1083/acac5c

Efficient storage of hydrogen is one of the biggest challenges towards a potential hydrogen economy. Hydrogen storage in liquid carriers is an attractive alternative to compression or liquefaction at low temperatures. Liquid carriers can be stored co... Read More about Hydrogen storage in liquid hydrogen carriers: recent activities and new trends.

A Comprehensive Design Guideline of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density Electric Vehicle Traction Motors (2022)
Journal Article
Zou, T., Gerada, D., La Rocca, A., Moslemin, M., Cairns, A., Cui, M., …Gerada, C. (2022). A Comprehensive Design Guideline of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density Electric Vehicle Traction Motors. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 8(3), 3578-3593. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2022.3149786

The rapidly increasing demand on power density levels of electric vehicle (EV) drive systems is pushing the boundaries of traction motor performance. Hairpin windings are becoming a popular option for EV motors due to their reduced DC losses and impr... Read More about A Comprehensive Design Guideline of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density Electric Vehicle Traction Motors.

The use of active jet ignition to overcome traditional challenges of pre-chamber combustors under low load conditions (2020)
Journal Article
Bunce, M., Cairns, A., & Blaxill, H. (2021). The use of active jet ignition to overcome traditional challenges of pre-chamber combustors under low load conditions. International Journal of Engine Research, 22(11), 3325-3339. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087420972555

The need for advanced combustion technologies for use in future highly efficient powertrains in the automotive sector is well understood. Pre-chamber combustors, a technology with numerous historic examples, are fast becoming a major area of research... Read More about The use of active jet ignition to overcome traditional challenges of pre-chamber combustors under low load conditions.

A study of hydrous ethanol combustion in an optical central direct injection spark ignition engine (2019)
Journal Article
Koupaie, M. M., Cairns, A., Vafamehr, H., & Lanzanova, T. D. M. (2019). A study of hydrous ethanol combustion in an optical central direct injection spark ignition engine. Applied Energy, 237, 258-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.12.093

The aim of this experimental work was to improve understanding of the influence of hydrous ethanol on combustion in an engine demonstrating a tendency for biased flame migration towards the hotter exhaust walls as often reported for typical modern pe... Read More about A study of hydrous ethanol combustion in an optical central direct injection spark ignition engine.

Cyclically resolved flame and flow imaging in an alcohol fuelled SI engine (2018)
Journal Article
Moslemin Koupaie, M., Cairns, A., Xia, J., Vafamehr, H., & Lanzanova, T. (2019). Cyclically resolved flame and flow imaging in an alcohol fuelled SI engine. Fuel, 237, 874-887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.10.075

The work was concerned with improving understanding of the interaction of the bulk in-cylinder flow with turbulent premixed flame propagation when using varied fuels including iso-octane, ethanol or butanol. The experiments were performed in a single... Read More about Cyclically resolved flame and flow imaging in an alcohol fuelled SI engine.

Study on pollutants formation under knocking combustion conditions using an optical single cylinder SI research engine (2018)
Journal Article
Karvountzis-Kontakiotis, A., Vafamehr, H., Cairns, A., & Peckham, M. (2018). Study on pollutants formation under knocking combustion conditions using an optical single cylinder SI research engine. Energy, 158, 899-910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.06.063

The aim of this experimental study is to investigate the pollutants formation and cyclic emission variability under knocking combustion conditions. A great number of studies extensively describe the phenomenon of knock and its combustion characterist... Read More about Study on pollutants formation under knocking combustion conditions using an optical single cylinder SI research engine.

A study of transient over-fuelling during heavy knock in an optical spark ignition engine (2018)
Journal Article
Vafamehr, H., Cairns, A., & Ebne-Abbasi, H. (in press). A study of transient over-fuelling during heavy knock in an optical spark ignition engine. International Journal of Powertrains, 7(1/2/3), https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPT.2018.10011458

The work was concerned with improving understanding of the effects of transient over-fuelling during heavy knocking combustion in modern spark ignition engines. The single cylinder engine employed included full bore overhead optical access capable of... Read More about A study of transient over-fuelling during heavy knock in an optical spark ignition engine.

Evaluation of intake charge hydrogen enrichment in a heavy-duty diesel engine (2017)
Journal Article
Monemian, E., Cairns, A., Gilmore, M., Newman, D., & Scott, K. (in press). Evaluation of intake charge hydrogen enrichment in a heavy-duty diesel engine. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407017738375

Concerns over CO2 emissions and global warming continue to enforce the transport sector to reduce the fuel consumption of heavy duty diesel goods vehicles as one major contributor of CO2. Such powertrain platforms look set to remain the dominant sour... Read More about Evaluation of intake charge hydrogen enrichment in a heavy-duty diesel engine.

Hydrogen and oxygen fuel enrichment effects on a HD diesel engine (2017)
Journal Article
Monemian, E., Cairns, A., & Pedrozo, V. (2017). Hydrogen and oxygen fuel enrichment effects on a HD diesel engine. International Journal of Engine Research, 47(47),

Implementing emission regulations in the transport sector is enforcing manufacturers to improve performance of Heavy Duty (HD) vehicles as they are accountable for 25% of CO2 emissions within EU. The currently reported research was involved with eval... Read More about Hydrogen and oxygen fuel enrichment effects on a HD diesel engine.

Experimental analysis of ethanol dual-fuel combustion in a heavy-duty diesel engine: An optimisation at low load (2015)
Journal Article

Conventional diesel combustion produces harmful exhaust emissions which adversely affect the air quality if not controlled by in-cylinder measures and exhaust aftertreatment systems. Dual-fuel combustion can potentially reduce the formation of nitrog... Read More about Experimental analysis of ethanol dual-fuel combustion in a heavy-duty diesel engine: An optimisation at low load.

Experimental investigation of direct injection charge cooling in optical GDI engine using tracer-based PLIF technique (2014)
Journal Article

Investigation of direct injection charge cooling effects is indispensable in design and development of new combustion systems for Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines. The charge cooling can be utilized to increase engine volumetric efficiency or... Read More about Experimental investigation of direct injection charge cooling in optical GDI engine using tracer-based PLIF technique.