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Dealing with endogeneity bias: The generalized method of moments (GMM) for panel data

Ullah, Subhan; Akhtar, Pervaiz; Zaefarian, Ghasem

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Authors

SUBHAN ULLAH SUBHAN.ULLAH@NOTTINGHAM.AC.UK
Associate Professor in Accounting

Pervaiz Akhtar

Ghasem Zaefarian



Abstract

© 2017 Elsevier Inc. Endogeneity bias can lead to inconsistent estimates and incorrect inferences, which may provide misleading conclusions and inappropriate theoretical interpretations. Sometimes, such bias can even lead to coefficients having the wrong sign. Although this is a long-standing issue, it is now emerging in marketing and management science, with high-ranked journals increasingly exploring the issue. In this paper, we methodologically demonstrate how to detect and deal with endogeneity issues in panel data. For illustration purposes, we used a dataset consisting of observations over a 15-year period (i.e., 2002 to 2016) from 101 UK listed companies and examined the direct effect of R&D expenditures, corporate governance, and firms’ characteristics on performance. Due to endogeneity bias, the result of our analyses indicates significant differences in findings reported under the ordinary least square (OLS) approach, fixed effects and the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimations. We also provide generic STATA commands that can be utilized by marketing researchers in implementing a GMM model that better controls for the three sources of endogeneity, namely, unobserved heterogeneity, simultaneity and dynamic endogeneity.

Citation

Ullah, S., Akhtar, P., & Zaefarian, G. (2018). Dealing with endogeneity bias: The generalized method of moments (GMM) for panel data. Industrial Marketing Management, 71, 69-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2017.11.010

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Nov 21, 2017
Online Publication Date Jan 10, 2018
Publication Date 2018-05
Deposit Date Jan 27, 2020
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal Industrial Marketing Management
Print ISSN 0019-8501
Publisher Elsevier
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 71
Pages 69-78
DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2017.11.010
Keywords Keyword: endogeneity bias; generalized method of moments; methodological issues; panel data 2
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/3810993
Publisher URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019850117308532

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