Prospective study of exposure to smoking imagery in films and changes in susceptibility to smoking in a cohort of school students in Southern India

Kamath, Veena G.; Kulkarni, Muralidhar M.; Kamath, Asha; Lewis, Sarah; Bogdanovica, Ilze; Bains, Manpreet; Cranwell, Jo; Fogarty, Andrew; Arora, Monika; Bahl, Deepika; Nazar, Gaurang P.; Naik, Ashwath K.; Ballal, Kirtinath; Bhagawath, Rohith; Britton, John

Abstract

INTRODUCTION India has unique tobacco-free film and TV rules designed to prevent tobacco uptake. In this study, we examined the potential influence of exposure to smoking imagery in regionally famous films, on susceptibility to smoke in teenagers enrolled in schools in a district in Southern India. METHODS A longitudinal survey of students, in grades 6 to 8 at baseline in 2017 and grades 7 to 9 one year later in 2018, ascertained prospective incident susceptibility to smoking during the study period in relation to baseline exposure to 27 locally popular films with actual or implied smoking imagery. RESULTS We analyzed linked data from 33676 participants, and 3973 (11.8%) of the adolescents reported incident susceptibility. There was a significant increase in susceptibility to smoking with increasing exposure at baseline to smoking imagery in films on univariable analysis, highest tertile of exposure relative to no exposure (OR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.0 –2.1, ptrend<0.001), and this trend remained significant (p=0.022) after mutual adjustment for recognized confounders, highest vs no exposure (AOR=1.3; 95% CI: 0.9–1.8). We found no statistically significant association between exposure to tobacco-free film rules and change in susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Prospectively, watching films featuring smoking imagery increases adolescents' vulnerability to smoking. Further research revealed no difference in susceptibility change between youth who saw partially compliant films and those who watched non-compliant films. Our findings, thus, underscore the need to incorporate comprehensive approaches to prevent the inclusion of smoking imagery in films.

Citation

Kamath, V. G., Kulkarni, M. M., Kamath, A., Lewis, S., Bogdanovica, I., Bains, M., Cranwell, J., Fogarty, A., Arora, M., Bahl, D., Nazar, G. P., Naik, A. K., Ballal, K., Bhagawath, R., & Britton, J. (2024). Prospective study of exposure to smoking imagery in films and changes in susceptibility to smoking in a cohort of school students in Southern India. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 22(May), Article 88. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/178442

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jan 8, 2024
• Online Publication Date: May 28, 2024
• Publication Date: May 28, 2024
• Deposit Date: Mar 25, 2024
• Publicly Available Date: Mar 25, 2024
• Journal: Tobacco Induced Diseases
• Print ISSN: 2070-7266
• Electronic ISSN: 1617-9625
• Publisher: Springer Verlag
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 22
• Issue: May
• Article Number: 88
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/178442
• Keywords: Smoking Susceptibility; Smoking imagery; Tobacco-free film rules; cohort study
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/33016169
• Publisher URL: https://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/Issue-May-2024,14165
• Additional Information: Content type: Research paper; Peer Reviewed: Yes; Review Process: Double blind; Received: 18 October 2023; Accepted: 8 January 2024; Published: 28 May 2024; Copyright: © 2024 Kamath et al.; License: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC‑BY4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and its authors credited.