Knowns and unknowns of TiLV-associated neuronal disease

Kembou-Ringert, Japhette E.; Hotio, Fortune N.; Steinhagen, Dieter; Thompson, Kim D.; Surachetpong, Win; Rakus, Krzysztof; Daly, Janet M.; Goonawardane, Niluka; Adamek, Mikolaj

Abstract

Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) is associated with pathological changes in the brain of infected fish, but the mechanisms driving the virus's neuropathogenesis remain poorly characterized. TiLV establishes a persistent infection in the brain of infected fish even when the virus is no longer detectable in the peripheral organs, rendering therapeutic interventions and disease management challenging. Moreover, the persistence of the virus in the brain may pose a risk for viral reinfection and spread and contribute to ongoing tissue damage and neuroinflammatory processes. In this review, we explore TiLV-associated neurological disease. We discuss the possible mechanism(s) used by TiLV to enter the central nervous system (CNS) and examine TiLV-induced neuroinflammation and brain immune responses. Lastly, we discuss future research questions and knowledge gaps to be addressed to significantly advance this field.

Citation

Kembou-Ringert, J. E., Hotio, F. N., Steinhagen, D., Thompson, K. D., Surachetpong, W., Rakus, K., Daly, J. M., Goonawardane, N., & Adamek, M. (in press). Knowns and unknowns of TiLV-associated neuronal disease. Virulence, 15(1), Article 2329568. https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2024.2329568

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Mar 7, 2024
• Online Publication Date: Mar 31, 2024
• Deposit Date: Mar 8, 2024
• Publicly Available Date: Mar 8, 2024
• Journal: Virulence
• Print ISSN: 2150-5594
• Electronic ISSN: 2150-5608
• Publisher: Taylor and Francis
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 15
• Issue: 1
• Article Number: 2329568
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2024.2329568
• Keywords: Tilapia Lake Virus; fish nervous system; neurotropic viral infection; neurotropism; neuroinvasion; neurovirulence; neuroinflammation; neuropathogenesis
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/32177266
• Additional Information: Peer Review Statement: The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.; Aim & Scope: http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=kvir20; Received: 2023-12-11; Accepted: 2024-03-07; Published: 2024-03-31