Protective effects of fecal microbiota transplantation against ischemic stroke and other neurological disorders: an update

Hediyal, Tousif Ahmed; Vichitra, C.; Anand, Nikhilesh; Bhaskaran, Mahendran; Essa, Saeefh M.; Kumar, Pravir; Qoronfleh, M. Walid; Akbar, Mohammed; Kaul-Ghanekar, Ruchika; Mahalakshmi, Arehally M.; Yang, Jian; Song, Byoung Joon; Monaghan, Tanya M.; Sakharkar, Meena Kishore; Chidambaram, Saravana Babu

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324018

Protective effects of fecal microbiota transplantation against ischemic stroke and other neurological disorders: an update

Hediyal, Tousif Ahmed; Vichitra, C.; Anand, Nikhilesh; Bhaskaran, Mahendran; Essa, Saeefh M.; Kumar, Pravir; Qoronfleh, M. Walid; Akbar, Mohammed; Kaul-Ghanekar, Ruchika; Mahalakshmi, Arehally M.; Yang, Jian; Song, Byoung Joon; Monaghan, Tanya M.; Sakharkar, Meena Kishore; Chidambaram, Saravana Babu

Authors

Tousif Ahmed Hediyal

C. Vichitra

Nikhilesh Anand

Mahendran Bhaskaran

Saeefh M. Essa

Pravir Kumar

M. Walid Qoronfleh

Mohammed Akbar

Ruchika Kaul-Ghanekar

Arehally M. Mahalakshmi

Jian Yang

Byoung Joon Song

TANYA MONAGHAN Tanya.Monaghan@nottingham.ac.uk
Clinical Associate Professor in Luminal Gastroenterology

Meena Kishore Sakharkar

Saravana Babu Chidambaram

Abstract

The bidirectional communication between the gut and brain or gut-brain axis is regulated by several gut microbes and microbial derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, and lipopolysaccharides. The Gut microbiota (GM) produce neuroactives, specifically neurotransmitters that modulates local and central neuronal brain functions. An imbalance between intestinal commensals and pathobionts leads to a disruption in the gut microbiota or dysbiosis, which affects intestinal barrier integrity and gut-immune and neuroimmune systems. Currently, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is recommended for the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. FMT elicits its action by ameliorating inflammatory responses through the restoration of microbial composition and functionality. Thus, FMT may be a potential therapeutic option in suppressing neuroinflammation in post-stroke conditions and other neurological disorders involving the neuroimmune axis. Specifically, FMT protects against ischemic injury by decreasing IL-17, IFN-γ, Bax, and increasing Bcl-2 expression. Interestingly, FMT improves cognitive function by lowering amyloid-β accumulation and upregulating synaptic marker (PSD-95, synapsin-1) expression in Alzheimer’s disease. In Parkinson’s disease, FMT was shown to inhibit the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB. In this review article, we have summarized the potential sources and methods of administration of FMT and its impact on neuroimmune and cognitive functions. We also provide a comprehensive update on the beneficial effects of FMT in various neurological disorders by undertaking a detailed interrogation of the preclinical and clinical published literature.

Citation

Hediyal, T. A., Vichitra, C., Anand, N., Bhaskaran, M., Essa, S. M., Kumar, P., …Chidambaram, S. B. (2024). Protective effects of fecal microbiota transplantation against ischemic stroke and other neurological disorders: an update. Frontiers in Immunology, 15, Article 1324018. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324018

Journal Article Type	Review
Acceptance Date	Feb 1, 2024
Online Publication Date	Feb 21, 2024
Publication Date	Jan 1, 2024
Deposit Date	Feb 2, 2024
Publicly Available Date	Feb 21, 2024
Journal	Frontiers in Immunology
Electronic ISSN	1664-3224
Publisher	Frontiers Media
Peer Reviewed	Peer Reviewed
Volume	15
Article Number	1324018
DOI	https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324018
Keywords	ischemic stroke, neurological disorders, gut microbiota, immune cells, gut-brain axis, fecal microbiota transplantation, neuroinflammation, neuroimmune axis
Public URL	https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/30663823
Publisher URL	https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324018/full

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