Simulation of a Sensitive Mid-infrared (MIR) D-Shaped Optical Fiber Water Pollutant Sensor

Younis, B. M.; Dawood, Nada Yazeed M.; Abd-Elkader, Ahmed El-Sayed; Furniss, David; Farries, Mark; Phang, Sendy; Benson, Trevor M.; Seddon, Angela B.; Hameed, Mohamed Farhat O.; Obayya, S. S. A.

Abstract

In this work, an efficient optical sensor is proposed for the sensitive detection of various pollutants in water. The suggested optical sensor is based on an indium fluoride (InF3) glass fabricated as a D-shaped optical fiber. The polished surface of the D-shaped fiber is coated with a gold grating to induce the surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The SPR depends on the optical properties of the polluted water analyte in physical contact with the grating. The proposed optical SPR fiber sensor operates within the mid-infrared (MIR) range (3000–4500 nm) to detect any slight change in the water refractive index (RI) due to any pollutants. The full vectorial finite element method (FVFEM) is utilized to calculate the modal properties of the reported sensor. High sensor sensitivity of 17,834 nm/RIU (refractive index units) is achieved for the detection of dissolution of nitric acid (HNO3) in water at a concentration of 14% v/v (volume/volume). Additionally, the reported sensor detects the dissolution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in water investigated at concentrations of 15% v/v and 30% v/v, with sensitivities of 12,308 nm/RIU and 17,143 nm/RIU, respectively. Further, suspending polystyrene beads of diameter 0.1 μm in the water at a concentration of 10% v/v gives a maximum sensitivity of 5333 nm/RIU. Therefore, the proposed sensor provides a promising approach for the detection of water pollutants in the MIR wavelength regime, rather than the weaker response in the near infrared.

Citation

Younis, B. M., Dawood, N. Y. M., Abd-Elkader, A. E.-S., Furniss, D., Farries, M., Phang, S., Benson, T. M., Seddon, A. B., Hameed, M. F. O., & Obayya, S. S. A. (2024). Simulation of a Sensitive Mid-infrared (MIR) D-Shaped Optical Fiber Water Pollutant Sensor. Plasmonics, 19(4), 1823-1838. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-02110-6

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Oct 23, 2023
• Online Publication Date: Nov 11, 2023
• Publication Date: Aug 1, 2024
• Deposit Date: Nov 16, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: Nov 17, 2023
• Journal: Plasmonics
• Print ISSN: 1557-1955
• Electronic ISSN: 1557-1963
• Publisher: Springer Verlag
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 19
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 1823-1838
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-02110-6
• Keywords: Refractive index sensor; Surface plasmon resonance ; Water pollution ; Optical fibers; Finite element method
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/27367585
• Publisher URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11468-023-02110-6